Post-occupancy audits: expectations vs. reality.
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Bed Occupancy↗
Biomedical subjects
M Rabin
Publications and source records attributed to M Rabin.
HTLV-I-associated leukemia/lymphoma in south Florida.
We report here 10 cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) seen in South Florida between February 1988 and July 1989. All were seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DNA extracted from tumor biopsies/peripheral blood lymphocytes of nine patients was shown by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to contain HTLV-I proviral DNA. Blot hybridization of DNA extracted from seven patients with an HTLV-I cDNA probe revealed a monoclonal pattern of proviral integration consistent with a diagnosis of ATL. Eight of the 10 patients were women. Six patients were from Haiti, three from Jamaica, and one from the Bahamas. All patients had very aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two patients presented with sinus and retro-orbital involvement; another had gastric lymphoma that perforated. Nine patients developed hypercalcemia. Eight patients died within 1 year of diagnosis. Two were lost to follow-up. During the course of this study, 66 new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were diagnosed at this hospital. Ten of these cases were ATL. The prevalence of HTLV-I-related lymphoma in this sample was 15%. Since tissue from all patients was not available for HTLV-I screening, however, it is possible that other cases of ATL went undetected. We conclude from this initial survey that a retroviral etiology should be considered in patients from populations known to be at risk for HTLV-I infection who present with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Adult↗
The anonymous probe pDX15 (D15S91) detects an RFLP with MspI.
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Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15↗
The molecular epidemiology of three biotypes of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the Seattle outbreak, 1972-1982.
Between 1972 and 1982 Seattle experienced a diphtheria outbreak involving 1,100 cases, primarily adults with cutaneous lesions. Biotyping revealed three consecutive overlapping outbreaks including 433 toxinogenic intermedius cases. Isolates from each quarter year were examined for DNA restriction fragment patterns and hybridization patterns with three DNA probes. All intermedius outbreak isolates appeared identical in all analyses and most stock cultures had the outbreak DNA fragment pattern, but DNA probes detected six patterns within 11 intermedius stock cultures. The mitis outbreak was heterogeneous, involving at least five restriction fragment patterns. In contrast, DNA restriction fragment analyses indicated that 22 of 25 gravis outbreak isolates belonged to a single strain, whereas there were seven strains within eight gravis stock cultures. DNA probe analyses of gravis outbreak isolates detected seven different patterns, five involving copy numbers of the toxB fragment and attB sites that presumably reflected lysogenic events that occurred during the outbreak.
Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
Homeo box genes in murine development.
Considerable information has accumulated on mouse homeo box gene organization and expression. Homeo box genes are expressed in a wide variety of tissues, developmental stages, and cell lines. How can this be interpreted in view of the relationship of these genes to Drosophila morphogenetic loci? One view is that homeo box genes control determinative decisions by modulating transcription of as yet unidentified target genes. Proponents of this view are faced with two tasks: to identify developmental processes that are controlled by homeo box genes, and to identify the target genes that mediate this control. Such target genes might be identified on the basis of in vitro homeo domain-DNA interactions. Candidate morphogenetic processes might be identified on the basis of the observed patterns of homeo box gene expression. It must be stressed that finding expression in a given tissue in no way demonstrates that the expression is necessary for the determination of that tissue. The role of Drosophila homeo box genes in determinative decisions is based upon analysis of mutants to demonstrate that the pattern of homeo box gene expression determines the morphogenetic outcome. To test whether the expression of a mouse homeo box gene is involved in a determinative decision, one must disrupt the normal pattern of expression of that gene and observe the resulting morphogenetic effect. In mouse this can be approached by looking for allelism with known morphogenetic loci, by isolating mutants in homeo box genes through large-scale mutagenesis screens, or by introducing altered homeo box genes into transgenic mice. One of the most intriguing possibilities is that homeo box genes are involved in regional specification along the anteroposterior axis. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis have demonstrated that at least four different homeo box genes display distinct regional patterns of expression along the anteroposterior axis of the developing CNS. The expression of each of these genes has a unique anterior boundary from which expression extends posteriorly within the CNS. Hox 1.5 expression has an anterior boundary within the hindbrain just posterior to the pontine flexure. The anterior boundary of Hox 2.1 expression lies more posteriorly within the medulla of the hindbrain. Weak expression of Hox 2.5 is detected in the spinal cord just posterior to the first cervical vertebra, and maximal expression is found posterior to the second cervical vertebra.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Transformation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli with the C. diphtheriae plasmid pNG2.
The transfection and transformation of members of two species of pathogenic corynebacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans, is described. Protoplasts were produced by treatment with lysozyme following growth in glycine, and a medium was defined on which a significant fraction of the osmotically sensitive cells were regenerated. Transfections were carried out with DNA from corynephage 782, a member of the beta family of converting phages, and transformations were performed with DNA of plasmid pNG2, a 9500-kDa plasmid that was isolated from an erythromycin-resistant strain of C. diphtheriae and carries the resistance gene. Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli were also successfully transformed with pNG2 DNA. Transfection frequencies were in the range of 3-8 X 10(3) plaque-forming units/micrograms of phage DNA, and transformation frequencies were in the range of 0.2-150 colony-forming units/micrograms of plasmid DNA. Plasmid pNG2 replicated and was stably maintained in all transformants both in the presence or absence of erythromycin. Thus, it displayed the ability to replicate in strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without the intervention of genetic engineering. pNG2 DNA isolated from any of the transformed strains was able to transform all parental strains. The host range of pNG2 suggests its possible utility in or as a shuttle vector for the study and manipulation of genes from corynebacterial strains of animal origin.
Bacteriophages↗
Murine Ly-6 multigene family is located on chromosome 15.
Murine Ly-6-encoded molecules play an important role in the antigen-independent activation of lymphocytes. We have described the cloning of a cDNA encoding the protein component of an Ly-6 molecule. Hybridization studies indicated that this cDNA identified multiple DNA fragments on Southern blots. The banding pattern exhibits a restriction fragment length polymorphism from mice bearing either the Ly-6a or the Ly-6b allele. We have employed three independent chromosomal mapping techniques, somatic cell hybrids, in situ hybridization, and strain distribution pattern analysis of the restriction fragment length polymorphism of DNA from recombinant inbred lines, to ascertain the chromosomal origins of these bands. We report that all members of the Ly-6 multigene family are tightly linked on chromosome 15 and have been regionalized by in situ hybridization analysis to band 15E on the distal portion of this chromosome. Linkage analysis has indicated that the Ly-6 genes are located within 1 map unit of Env-54 (a retroviral envelope restriction fragment length polymorphism probe), 3 map units from ins-1, (insulin-related gene), and 4 map units from the protooncogene c-sis. The possible involvement of the Ly-6 lymphocyte activation and differentiation antigen genes in chromosome 15-related lymphoid malignancies is discussed.
Animals↗
Extradural lymphoma presenting as an acute surgical emergency.
Extradural lymphoma can present as an acute neurosurgical emergency. The clinical presentation and radiological appearance may suggest epidural hematoma or meningioma. Lymphoma should be considered as a rare but possible diagnosis before operation. High resolution computed tomography using direct coronal imaging with and without contrast enhancement may aid in suggesting the correct preoperative diagnosis.
Diagnostic Errors↗
Human ros1 and mas1 oncogenes located in regions of chromosome 6 associated with tumor-specific rearrangements.
Oncogenes have been implicated in tumorigenesis based on their localization to chromosomal sites associated with tumor-specific structural rearrangements. We have mapped the human ros1 (formerly mcf3) and mas1 oncogenes to the distal half of chromosome 6q, within a region frequently rearranged in malignant cells. Chromosomal mapping of these two new human transforming genes may help elucidate the involvement of the long arm of chromosome 6 in diverse tumor types.
Cell Line↗
Chromosomal assignment of gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in the mouse.
The gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II was mapped to mouse chromosome 11 by Southern blotting analysis of mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization. This assignment extends the previously defined homology between mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17.
Animals↗
Regional location of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes on human chromosome 14.
The human protease inhibitor genes alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1-PI) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) are acute-phase proteins which are induced in response to inflammation. These inhibitors function to limit the activity of serine proteases in vivo. alpha 1-PI acts as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase to protect the elastin fibers of the lung. Genetic deficiencies of alpha 1-PI result in development of chronic pulmonary emphysema. The physiologic role of alpha 1-ACT has not been clearly defined, but it also appears to function in the maintenance of protease-protease inhibitor equilibrium in the lung. Nucleic acid and protein sequence homologies detected between alpha 1-PI and alpha 1-ACT suggested an evolutionary relationship. Gene mapping experiments were performed to determine if these protease inhibitor genes reside at the same chromosomal locus in man. In situ hybridization data demonstrate that both alpha 1-PI and alpha 1-ACT map to the same region, q31-q32.3, on chromosome 14.
Cell Line↗
Cognate homeo-box loci mapped on homologous human and mouse chromosomes.
The homeotic genes of Drosophila, which regulate pattern formation during larval development, contain a 180-base-pair DNA sequence termed the "homeo-box." Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicate that the homeo-box motif is highly conserved in a variety of motazoan species. As in Drosophila, homeo-box sequences of mammalian species are expressed in a temporal and tissue-specific pattern during embryogenesis. These observations suggest functional homologies between dipteran and mammalian homeo-box gene products. To identify possible relationships between homeo-box genes of mice and humans, we have compared the chromosomal location of homeo-box genes in these species. Using in situ hybridization and somatic cell genetic techniques, we have mapped the chromosome 6-specific murine Hox-1 homolog to the region p14-p21 on human chromosome 7. We have also regionally mapped the murine Hox-3 locus to 15F1-3 and its human cognate to 12q11-q21. These comparative mapping data indicate that a syntenic relationship in mice and humans is maintained for all homeo-box loci examined to date. We suggest these regions represent evolutionarily conserved genomic domains encoding homologous protein products that function in regulating patterns of mammalian development.
Animals↗
Proximity of thyroglobulin and c-myc genes on human chromosome 8.
The human thyroglobulin structural gene (TG) was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 8 by blot hydridization of a TG cDNA probe to DNA from 21 human X mouse somatic cell hybrids containing overlapping subsets of human chromosomes. In situ hybridization of the TG probe to metaphase chromosomes from a karyotypically normal human lymphoblastoid cell line, JS, localized the TG gene to within the region 8q23----q24.3. Thus, the TG and c-myc genes map to the same chromosome band in normal human cells. In a human colon carcinoma cell line (COLO 320 DM) which contains amplified c-myc, the TG gene is not amplified and hence it lies outside the amplification domain.
Animals↗
Regional mapping of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene and the phenylketonuria locus in the human genome.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH; phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.16.1). A cDNA clone for human PAH has previously been used to assign the corresponding gene to human chromosome 12. To define the regional map position of the disease locus and the PAH gene on human chromosome 12, DNA was isolated from human-hamster somatic cell hybrids with various deletions of human chromosome 12 and was analyzed by Southern blot analysis using the human cDNA PAH clone as a hybridization probe. From these results, together with detailed biochemical and cytogenetic characterization of the hybrid cells, the region on chromosome 12 containing the human PAH gene has been defined as 12q14.3----qter. The PAH map position on chromosome 12 was further localized by in situ hybridization of 125I-labeled human PAH cDNA to chromosomes prepared from a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Results of these experiments demonstrated that the region on chromosome 12 containing the PAH gene and the PKU locus in man is 12q22----12q24.1. These results not only provide a regionalized map position for a major human disease locus but also can serve as a reference point for linkage analysis with other DNA markers on human chromosome 12.
Chromosome Mapping↗
Human metallothionein-II processed gene is located in region p11----q21 of chromosome 4.
Metallothionein (MT) genes comprise a multigene family encoding low-molecular-weight, heavy-metal-binding proteins. We have mapped a human MT-II processed gene to chromosome 4, using Southern blotting in combination with a human X mouse hybrid clone panel containing defined subsets of human chromosomes. We have further localized this gene to region p11----q21, using in situ hybridization.
Animals↗
Assignment of the porcine major histocompatibility complex to chromosome 7 by in situ hybridization.
The major histocompatibility complex (SLA) of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) was regionally mapped to 7p12----q12 by in situ hybridization with an SLA class I-specific recombinant DNA probe. This localization contradicts linkage data suggesting a possible assignment of the SLA locus to porcine chromosome 15.
Animals↗
Regional localization of the human transferrin receptor gene to 3q26.2----qter.
Transport of iron across the cell membrane is mediated by the iron-binding serum protein, transferrin, and its cell-surface receptor. Transferrin receptor is required for cell proliferation and may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of iron-storage disorders and some neoplasias. To better understand the possible involvement of transferrin receptor in such disorders, we have determined the chromosomal locus of the receptor gene by in situ hybridization. The human transferrin receptor gene was thus mapped to 3q26.2----qter, a region of chromosome 3 that appears to be involved in metal transport and that is subject to nonrandom structural rearrangements associated with neoplasia.
Chromosome Mapping↗