Close ranks, move ahead, staff nurse urges.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
M R Wilson
Publications and source records attributed to M R Wilson.
A new microsphere-based immunofluorescence assay using flow cytometry.
The quantitative and qualitative capacities of flow cytometric analysis that have made it such a powerful tool in studies of cellular antigens have not previously been exploited when dealing with non-cellular antigens. A new immunofluorescence assay technique was developed, using an indirect staining procedure with monoclonal anti-kappa antibodies, to detect human free kappa light chains covalently bound to microspheres of a size suitable for flow cytometry. The strength of the fluorescent signal produced on the microspheres was related to the amount of antigen bound and the size of the beads. At the time of this work large microspheres (i.e., greater than 3 micron in diameter) suitable for this application were only available as suspensions of polysized beads. The fluorescent signal detected on labelled beads was optimized by selecting for analysis, on the basis of the forward angle laser scatter, only those beads of largest diameter. There are many potential applications for this technique - microspheres can be used for the presentation of virtually any antigen or antibody. The analytical benefits inherent in flow cytometry would be a significant advantage in the development of quantitative assays using this method.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
A new microsphere-based immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to membrane-associated antigens.
The screening of panels of hybridoma supernatants for specific secreted monoclonal antibodies is often achieved by cellular immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis. In some circumstances such assays are difficult because the required antigen-bearing cell population is not suitable for use in flow cytometry, has limited cell cycle expression or poor in vitro growth. A method is presented here that provides a solution to these difficulties. A system was developed, using polyacrylamide microspheres coupled with cell membranes, which permitted the production of an easily stored, standardised antigen source which could be used in subsequent flow cytometric assays. Studies comparing the binding of antibodies to whole cells and cell membrane-coupled microspheres indicate a strong qualitative and quantitative correlation in the expression of surface antigens. It is shown here that membrane antigens can be stored coupled to microspheres for months and still retain good reactivity with the appropriate antibodies. This same technique could be used in studies of antigens other than those of the mammalian cell membrane - for example, membrane antigens of sub-cellular organelles such as the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, plant or bacterial membrane antigens, or antigens not associated with membranes such as viral proteins.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
A source of cutaneous maternal semiochemicals in the mink?
Unique hypertrophic apocrine sweat glands are described in the neck, perineal and inguinal skin of mink kits. These glands enlarge after birth, only to regress rapidly and become vestigal by weaning. No similar phenomenon has been recognized before in mammals. Behavioral studies indicate a possible role for the glandular secretion in maternal recognition of the young.
Animals↗
Use of intraocular gas in flat anterior chamber after filtration surgery.
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Aged↗
Poland's syndrome: variable expression and associated anomalies.
Poland's syndrome is a well-known constellation of congenital anomalies that includes varying degrees of hypoplasia involving the thoracic cage in association with anomalies of the hand. Although the latter are most frequently described as syndactyly with short or absent middle phalanges, many forms of expression were seen in a series of 20 patients. Thirty-one other anomalies were seen in this group in addition to those usually considered as part of the syndrome. Of special interest are those involving the spine and genitourinary tract that require special studies for early detection.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Mitomycin eye drops as treatment for pterygium.
The authors used an antineoplastic-antibiotic agent, mitomycin, in the form of eye drops as adjunctive treatment for primary and recurrent pterygia after surgical excision. Sixteen primary and four recurrent pterygia were treated with 1.0 mg/ml mitomycin eye drops, 14 primary and 10 recurrent pterygia were treated with 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin eye drops, and 18 primary pterygia were treated with placebo eye drops. Postoperative follow-up for the eyes treated with mitomycin eye drops ranged from 3 to 34 weeks (mean, 23 weeks). One of 44 pterygia treated with mitomycin recurred after 5 months (recurrence rate, 2.3%), whereas 16 of 18 primary pterygia treated with placebo eye drops developed postoperative granulomas and recurrent pterygia with a mean postoperative period of 6 weeks (recurrence rate, 88.9%). Topical mitomycin (1.0 mg/ml) caused conjunctival irritation, excessive lacrimation, and mild superficial punctate keratitis. These topical side effects were minimized with the 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin dosage. No systemic toxicity was noted with either dosage. The authors believe that mitomycin eye drops is a safe and effective adjunct to surgical excision in the treatment of primary or recurrent pterygia, or both.
Adolescent↗
Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene evolution: structure and family relationships of two genes and a pseudogene in a teleost fish.
Nucleotide sequences for two immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes and one pseudogene in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the family relationships and distribution of these genes in individual fish are presented. Comparison of the nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequences of goldfish and other vertebrate VH genes indicates that goldfish VH genes show the major VH gene regulatory and structural features (5'-putative promoter region, split hydrophobic leader, three framework and two complementarity-determining regions, and 3'-recombination signals for VH to diversity region joining) and that goldfish VH genes are not more closely related to one another than they are to VH genes of evolutionarily distant vertebrates such as the mammals. Goldfish VH genes appear to exist in distinct families, and individual goldfish can carry from none to apparently greater than 15 genes of a given family. These results suggest that whereas the basic structure of VH genes has been conserved in evolution, there may be substantial variation in the nature and population distribution of VH gene families in the vertebrates.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Early osteonecrosis of the femoral head: detection in high-risk patients with MR imaging.
To determine whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can demonstrate the early stages of osteonecrosis that are not detectable radiographically, the authors compared radiologic findings with histologic results in seven patients at high risk for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Radiography and MR imaging were performed, and proximal femoral intramedullary pressures were measured in all patients, even if results from imaging studies were normal. If the pressures were elevated, core decompression with biopsy was performed. Seven patients had elevated pressures in 11 hips. Of 11 hips from which biopsy specimens were taken, all had histologic evidence of osteonecrosis. However, in only five were the MR imaging findings consistent with osteonecrosis. In the remaining six hips with osteonecrosis, MR imaging findings were normal. Sensitivity of MR imaging in detection of osteonecrosis was 46%. The authors conclude that normal MR imaging results in high-risk patients do not rule out the presence of osteonecrosis.
Adult↗
A case-control study of risk factors in open angle glaucoma.
In a case-control study using an exploratory health questionnaire, we examined the relationship between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and a variety of personal characteristics and potential toxic exposures in patients in a general eye service. There were 83 patients with definite POAG, 121 POAG suspects, and 237 controls. Using multiple logistic regression analysis for simultaneous evaluation of potential risk factors, we found that black race (rate ratio = 6.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8 to 16.0) and untreated systolic hypertension (rate ratio = 5.8; 95% CI = 2.2 to 15) were the most important risk factors. Current cigarette smoking was also associated with glaucoma (rate ratio = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.3 to 6.6). Suggestive associations were found with family history of glaucoma, definite or borderline diabetes, and myopia. The effects of many of these personal characteristics and exposures as risk factors were also noted for the glaucoma suspect group, though not as strongly as for the definite glaucoma cases.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Additional comments on the effect of triamcinolone injection.
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Adult↗
'Kissing lesions' of the thorax and upper extremity.
An upper extremity compressed beneath the body of a comatose individual can contribute to the development of a compartmental syndrome. Crushing injuries such as these can result in skin necrosis at the sites of contact between the chest wall and the compressed limb. These "kissing lesions" must be recognized as indicators of a severe crush injury and impending compartmental syndrome, as fasciotomy is urgently required.
Arm Injuries↗
Hamatometacarpal fracture-dislocation: classification and treatment.
Seventeen male patients with a fourth metacarpal fracture and fifth carpometacarpal joint injury were treated. Distinct patterns of injury were recognized and in each case fell into one of three categories. Type IA lesions were characterized by subluxation or dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint without hamate avulsion fracture. Type IB lesions were identical to type IA lesions except for the appearance of a small dorsal rim hamate avulsion fracture. Type II lesions were distinguished by subluxation or dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint and comminution of the dorsal hamate rim. Finally, type III lesions exhibited coronal splitting of the hamate.
Adult↗
Cocoa butter biosynthesis. Purification and characterization of a soluble sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from cocoa seeds.
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase has been purified from the post-microsomal supernatant of cocoa seeds using differential ammonium sulfate solubility along with anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Chromatofocusing and isoelectric focusing revealed a series of proteins with acyltransferase activity having isoelectric points close to 5.2. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 in 500 mM NaCl, along with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (denaturing and non-denaturing) and immunochemical analysis, gave evidence that the native enzyme has a molecular weight of 2 X 10(5) and consists of an aggregate of 10 Mr 20,000 subunits. The highly purified enzyme carries an acyl donor, probably acyl-CoA, although this is not firmly established. The hydrophobic nature of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by its firm binding to octyl-Sepharose. Mass spectrometric analysis of reaction products revealed the presence of both palmitic and stearic acids. Considering that 1) the fatty acids were derived from the purified enzyme; 2) they were found exclusively in the 1-position of glycerol 3-phosphate; 3) the fatty acid positioning and composition is consistent with that found in cocoa butter, the major storage product of cocoa seeds; and 4) the enzyme is found in the post-microsomal supernatant, it seems reasonable to conclude that the first step in cocoa butter biosynthesis is catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in the cytoplasm of cocoa cotyledon cells.
Acyltransferases↗
Putative immunoglobulin VH genes of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, detected by heterologous cross-hybridization with a murine VH probe.
By using a defined cDNA probe for the VH region of a murine phosphocholine-binding myeloma protein (S107) we have defined a family of distinct cross-hybridizing DNA sequences in genomic DNA of the goldfish. The estimated number of the goldfish putative VH family detectable by the S107 probe is about 36. By using two putative goldfish VH probes to analyze, by hybridization, the relationships among seven of the goldfish genomic clones, we have determined that the putative goldfish VH genes recognized by the S107 probe comprise at least several distinct families that are not closely related.
Animals↗
Sow wastage: reasons for and effect on productivity.
The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons for, the rate and the effect of sow culling on productivity. Sow removal or wastage was investigated by means of producer questionnaires and by detailed production data recorded on 30 swine farms for two years. The sow removal rate was high (mean = 44.2%) with a wide herd-to-herd variation (range = 16% to 100%), and correlated negatively with litter size. Reproductive failure was the most common cause of culling cited by producers. It was concluded that sows on many Ontario farms were being culled prior to reaching their reproductive potential.
Animals↗
Prevalence of respiratory diseases and their association with growth rate and space in randomly selected swine herds.
The prevalence and extent of respiratory tract lesions were measured in 1425 pigs from 27 randomly selected herds in the summer of 1982 and winter of 1983. About 75% of pigs had lesions of enzootic pneumonia, approximately 60% had atrophic rhinitis and approximately 11% had pleuropneumonia and/or pleuritis. Individual pig growth rate was recorded on two of the farms, and it was found that the correlations between growth rate and severity of enzootic pneumonia lesions were positive on one farm and negative on the other. Negative correlations between severity of turbinate atrophy and growth rate existed in one of the two herds. Extent of pneumonia and severity of turbinate atrophy were poorly related in individual pigs but herd averages were moderately and positively correlated. Prevalence of diffuse pleuritis and of pleuropneumonia were positively related, as were the extent of pneumonia and prevalence of localized pleuritis. Prevalence of pleuropneumonia was strongly correlated with increased days-to-market. A method of estimating the average days-to-market using weekly herd data (inventory) was developed.
Animal Husbandry↗