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Biomedical subjects

M R Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to M R Wilson.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

IgE antibody response of smokers, nonsmokers, and "smoke-sensitive" persons to tobacco leaf and smoke antigens.

Serum samples from cigarette smokers, nonsmokers, and persons reporting "smoke sensitivity" were tested for IgE antibodies to tobacco leaf and smoke extracts by the radioallergosorbent test. Results indicated that none of the serum samples tested contained detectable IgE antibodies to smoke extracts. Occasionally, serum specimens from smokers or nonsmokers demonstrated reactivity to leaf antigen. The most significant reaction to leaf antigens was detected in serum from one of the 7 smoke-sensitive subjects tested. These results demonstrate that smoking, nonsmoking, and clinical "smoke sensitivity" are not correlated with the presence of IgE antibodies to tobacco leaf or smoke antigen.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence for detection of immune complexes in human sera.

An assay for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes is described. Experimental immune complexes or aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) were incubated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). After challenge of the PMN with opsonized zymosan, chemiluminescence was recorded in a scintillation spectrometer. A quantitative inhibition of chemiluminescence could be demonstrated by the interaction of PMN with immune complexes or AHG. Experimental immune complexes of bovine serum albumin-anti-bovine serum albumin were formed and tested by this assay, and immune complexes formed near antigen excess were best described by this technique. The technique was used to demonstrate immune complexes in the sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis. Immune complexes were quantitated by reference to a standard curve using AHG. By this technique, normal human sera had < 10 micrograms of AHG per milliliter of serum. Immune complexes at levels above this were detected in 9/15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 18/30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 2/5 patients with vasculitis. Therefore, this assay is a sensitive, simple method for measurement of circulating immune complexes in the sera of patients with certain connective tissue diseases.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of the efficacy of a live and four inactivated vaccine preparations for the protection of cats against experimental challenge with Chlamydia psittaci.

A commercial live feline-chlamydial vaccine and four experimental inactivated preparations were compared on the basis of clinical protection in cats challenged conjunctivally and intranasally with Chlamydia psittaci. Best protection was afforded by the live vaccine. Good results were also obtained using inactivated preparations of a recent feline conjunctival isolate. Protection did not correlate with the development of complement fixing antibodies but may be related to the induction of a cell mediated response as assessed by the lymphocyte blastogenesis test.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A survey of the conjunctival flora of clinically normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis.

Conjunctival swabs obtained from 39 cats with conjunctivitis and from 50 cats with clinically normal conjunctivae were cultured for bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses and chlamydiae. Non hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from both groups, but B hemolytic streptococci, rhinotracheitis (feline herpes I) virus, Mycoplasma felis and Chlamydia psittaci were recovered only from cases of conjunctivitis. The isolation rate of microorganisms was low; only two of 50 normal and 14 of 39 diseased cats yielded positive cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Inhalation challenge and pharmacologic studies of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitive workers.

Workers with "sensitivity" to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) studied in depth in an attempt to determine mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity. Tests included provocative inhalation challenge (PIC) with TDI and methacholine challenge. Blood samples obtained prior to and at various times after PIC were used to measure complement and split products of complement and plasma histamine levels and to determine dose-response slopes of lymphocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) following stimulation with agonists. TDI-reactive individuals were all reactive to methacholine and responded to PIC with TDI by immediate, delayed, or dual bronchospastic reactions. No change in plasma histamine, total complement levels, or split products of complement were measurable. TDI reactors gave decreased lymphocyte cAMP dose response slopes to stimulation with isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1, and TDI, which suggests that impairment of adrenergic receptors may play an important role in TDI reactivity.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by antiserum to factor B.

Monospecific rabbit and goat antisera to human complement proteins and human immunoglobulins were tested for their ability to activate the alternative complement pathway. This activation was detected by two methods where classical pathway activation was blocked with EGTA and alternative pathway activation was promoted with added magnesium ions. These two methods consisted of lysis of GSHE and conversion of factor B into split products. C1q-depleted serum was used in a third assay system. Only antiserum to human factor B was able to activate the alternative pathway in the various systems used. None of the other anticomplement sera showed such activity. When antiserum to factor B was fractionated by ammonium sulfate and column chromatography, activation of the alternative pathway was found in the IgG fraction, and this activity was completely removed by absorption with purified factor B but not with other purified complement components.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A review of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) in pigs.

The main features in terms of etiology, clinical signs, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis, epizootiology and control and prevention that are known about pseudorabies are briefly reviewed. Areas still lacking in information which may provide more effective and reliable means of dealing with pseudorabies are mentioned and recommendations using available tools and knowledge to deal with the problem of pseudorabies are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunogenic properties of tobacco smoke.

The immunogenic capacity of tobacco smoke or tobacco smoke in combination with host proteins to stimulate antibody production in rabbits was investigated. Several antisera from rabbits immunized with tobacco smoke components reacted by immunoprecipitation with tobacco smoke or leaf antigens. The serum precipitins were present only in immune sera and had electrophoretic mobility and molecular size identical to immunoglobulin. These results suggest that tobacco smoke contains components capable of stimulating an immune response in rabbits. It is possible that these components are immunogenic in man, although their role as allergens remains to be determined.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

Immune reactants in cryoproteins. Relationship to complement activation.

Cryoproteins were isolated from the serum of 5 patients with essential cryoglobulinaemia 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 2 patients with Sjøgren's syndrome. These cryoprecipitates contained IgG, IgM, and IgA as well as complement proteins C1q, C4, C3, and factor B. The cryoprecipitates were analysed further for content of antibody and antigen, and were tested for their ability to activate complement. In the cryoprecipitates of 2 patients with Sjøgren's syndrome, nuclear antigen and antinuclear antibody characteristic of an immunological specificity found in Sjøgren's syndrome were shown. The cryoprecipitates of 6 other patients contained rheumatoid factor and antibody to a lymphocyte nuclear antigen. The solubilized cryoprecipitates were tested by in vitro assays for their ability to activate complement by the classical or alternative pathways. All 12 cryoprecipitates activated the classical pathway. 9 of the 12 cryoprecipitates also activated the alternative complement pathway under conditions which did not involve activation of C1 and C4. These studies show that a high percentage of cryoprecipitates consist at least in part of immune reactants. We discuss the relationship of these findings to pathogenetic mechanisms in disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Serum factors activating the alternative complement pathway in autoimmune disease: description of two different factors from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Serum factors which activated the alternative pathway of complement were detected in 10 of 26 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), three of 18 patients with mixed connective tissue disease, one patient with scleroderma, and one with Sjögren's syndrome. This activation was detected by conversion of factor B and C3 into split products and by lysis of glutathione-sensitized human erythrocytes under conditions where classical pathway activation was blocked. The serum factors capable of activating the alternative pathway could be seperated into 7S and 19S-type molecules by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. In two patients with SLE, serum factors were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, preparative electrophoresis, and molecular sieve chromatography. The serum 7S factor was immunochemically identical to the C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) of hypocomplementemic chronic glomerulonephritis. Antisera to other complement components failed to react with this purified material. The 7S factor was able to activate the alternative pathway in C2 deficient serum, and in normal human serum under conditions where classical pathway was blocked, but was unable to do so in sera depleted of factor B, factor D, and C3. The activity could be removed by antiserum to C3NeF. In contrast, the serum 19S activator of the alternative pathway was not reactive with antiserum to C3NeF. It had a fast gamma mobility on electrophoresis and the activity could be removed by absorption with anti-IgG and anti-IgM. It was suggested that the 19S factors could consist, in part, of immune complexes.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Activation of the alternative complement pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Serum factors activating the alternative pathway of complement in vitro, independent of classical pathway activation was demonstrated in six of eleven patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These serum factors were detected by lysis of gluthathione-sensitized human erythrocytes and by C3 and factor B conversion in the presence of EGTA (10 mM) and MgCl2 (0-3 mM), conditions which blocked activation of the classical pathway but permitted activation of the alternative pathway. In order to determine if in vivo activation of the alternative pathway of complement was present in SLE, highly-purified factor B was labelled with radioactive iodine (125I), and its metabolism studied in the eleven patients with SLE and in twelve control subjects. All six patients with serum factors capable of activating the alternative pathway in vitro, had in vivo evidence of alternative pathway activation as measured by increased fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of factor B. Two patients without demonstrable alternative pathway activating factors in their sera had an elevated FCR of factor B. Six of the patients with increased FCR of factor B had disease limited to skin or joint and one had lupus nephritis which was inactive at the time of study. One of the four patients who were in clinical remission had elevated FCR. This study demonstrates that a significant number of patients with SLE of relatively mild disease activity had evidence of alternative complement pathway activation. This activation did not appear to be limited to patients with lupus nephritis and raises the possibility that it could also be related to some of the extra-renal manifestations of SLE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Routine use of the hydrogen platinum electrode system in shunt detection.

Routine use of the hydrogen platinum electrode system (HPES) in 1,375 consecutive cardiac catheterizations facilitated shunt detection in 171 patients, led to the diagnosis of unsuspected shunts in 18 patients, and was of particular value in accurately localizing unusual left-to-right shunts. Left-to-right shunts were detected in 171 patients (12% of the total catheterizations). Eighteen unsuspected shunts (10% of the total shunts, or 1% of the total catheterizations) were found. Atrial septal defect (ASD), partial anomalous pulmonary drainage (PAPVD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and ruptured Valsalva aneurysm were demonstrated, usually associated with other congenital or acquired lesions. HPES was of particular value in accurately localizing the venous drainage of 38 unusual or complex lesions with left-to-right shunting. Five patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease had PAPVD, a higher incidence (1.2% of rheumatic mitral valve disease) than had previously been reported. The rationale for use of a sensitive shunt detection method as a routine part of the catheterization procedure is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelium in vivo.

Two porcine strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, one possessing K88 antigen and one lacking K88, were orally inoculated into conventional neonatal piglets. Athough both strains caused severe diarrhea, only the K88-possessing strain was able to proliferate in the anterior small intestine. Both K88-possessing and K88-lacking strains were found in large numbers in the posterior small intestine and, using fluorescent antibodies and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, were found adhering to the epitheial surface in these regions. The presence of an unusual surface structure on the bacterial cell of the K88-lacking strain was described.

Administration, Oral↗