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Biomedical subjects

M R Trimble

Publications and source records attributed to M R Trimble.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Neuropsychiatric disturbances following brainstem lesions.

Two patients are described who developed behavioural changes following brainstem injuries. Both patients had neuro-ophthalmological signs indicative of lesions of the rostral brainstem, which were confirmed by CT scanning. It is suggested that the behavioural changes were related to interruption of nearby limbic, hypothalamic and reticular structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Folic acid and mental symptoms in children with epilepsy.

312 children resident at a hospital school received a neuropsychiatric examination and information was provided on their IQ status. Children with a fall in their IQ were identified. Serum and red cell folate values were estimated and the relationship between neuropsychiatric disturbances and folate disturbances explored. Patients with a fall in IQ, neurotic disturbance and depression all had significantly lower serum folic acid levels than the rest of the population, and the children with neurotic disturbances and depression had significantly lower red cell folate values. The relationship between folic acid metabolism and the neuropsychiatric disturbances is discussed in the light of these findings.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Epileptic psychosis--diagnostic comparison with process schizophrenia.

The mental states of 23 epileptic psychotic patients and 10 patients with process schizophrenia were compared, using the Present State Examination. The epileptics displayed marked heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnoses. Disturbances of affect underlying the psychosis or presenting as manic-depressive psychosis were frequent and independent of the type of epilepsy. Schizophrenic psychosis, classified with psychopathological criteria similar to those used in the non-epileptic schizophrenic group, was significantly associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Psychoses other than schizophrenia, however, were present in 5 out of 16 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These results support a relationship between schizophrenic symptoms and temporal lobe pathology and emphasize the need to use reproducible methods of diagnosis in psychiatric research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effect of nomifensine on brain amines and epilepsy in photosensitive baboons.

1. The literature, both clinical and experimental, suggests that tricyclic antidepressants are potentially epileptogenic. Using the experimental model of epilepsy provided by the photosensitive baboon, Papio papio, the epileptic potential of four antidepressant drugs, two of which are tricyclic, has been assessed. The drugs used were imipramine 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg, chlorimipramine 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg, maprotiline 1 and 10 mg/kg and nomifensine 10 and 20 mg/kg. In a second series of experiments the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 10 and 25 mg/kg has been administered before administration of imipramine 10 mg/kg and chlorimipramine 10 mg/kg. 2. The results of the experiments indicate that at 10 mg/kg imipramine, chlorimipramine and maprotiline all induce seizures and lower the seizure threshold. In contrast nomifensine at this dose did not alter the seizure threshold. 5-HTP 25 mg/kg administered before the antidepressants, abolished seizures. These results are discussed in the light of other experiments which have attempted to explain the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures following antidepressants, and it is concluded that dopaminergic mechanisms are probably responsible for the differing effect noted with nomifensine.

Amines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: a controlled study.

The authors present a study of 50 patients with epilepsy and 14 healthy controls using a standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. Gross inspection of MRI scans identified major cerebral pathology and supplemented computerized tomography (CT) data. With further analysis of spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times, significant differences from controls emerged in epilepsy patients, even with normal CT scans, particularly in the temporal lobes. Patients with generalized seizures had increased T1 values in the thalamus. Also prolonged T1 in patients with focal seizures was noted on the ipsilateral side. These results of MRI imaging are discussed in relation to other imaging modalities in epilepsy. Further, the potential benefit of MRI in localization of seizure focus and specific pathophysiological mechanisms in seizure disorders are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the corpus callosum in epilepsy using magnetic resonance imaging.

The corpus callosum of a group of epileptic patients (N = 48) was compared to that of normal healthy volunteers (N = 14) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mid-callosal thickness was significantly greater in the sub-group of epileptic patients with generalized seizures. This provides some support for the concept of the corpus callosum playing a role in seizure propagation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenomenology of depression in epilepsy.

Sixty-six patients with epilepsy and depression were studied. Thirty-four had a family history of psychiatric illness; depression was the most common condition. Assessed using standardised rating scales, the severity of the depression was moderate and was endogenous in approximately 40% of patients. Attendant features were high state and trait anxiety and hostility. The EEGs of the patients and a control group were not significantly different. Patients receiving phenobarbital (PB) were more depressed, whereas those taking carbamazepine (CBZ) were both less depressed and less anxious. The phenomenology of the depression was not clearly influenced by epilepsy variables. We suggest that the depression in patients with epilepsy represents the outcome of multiple factors in genetically predisposed individuals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of the removal of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate on the electroencephalogram.

We report the EEG changes that occurred on discontinuance of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproate (VPA) in patients with active epilepsy. Discontinuation of CBZ was associated with an increase in mean frequency of dominant rhythm and reduction in amount of slow activity. Patients who had a marked increase in seizures on discontinuation of an antiepileptic drug had a slower mean dominant rhythm at baseline than did patients who did not have an increase in seizures. Subsequent EEGs, during and at the end of drug reduction, showed an increase in bursts of interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) and in slow activity in patients who had a marked increase in seizures. The amount of slow activity and IEA did not alter in patients who did not have an increase in seizures. No patients developed photosensitivity.

Adolescent↗