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Biomedical subjects

M R Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to M R Taylor.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Lack of association between intraocular melanoma and cutaneous dysplastic nevi.

The occurrence of uveal and cutaneous malignant melanoma and the dysplastic nevus syndrome in the same individual suggests an etiologic relationship among these diseases. Thus, the dysplastic nevus syndrome could be viewed as marking an increased risk of both cutaneous and ocular melanoma. We postulated that if such a relationship exists, patients with both forms of melanoma should have a high prevalence of dysplastic nevi. We examined 44 patients (31 women and 13 men ranging in age from 20 to 80 years) with uveal melanoma for evidence of cutaneous melanoma and dysplastic nevi. We also examined photographs of 46 patients (24 men and 22 women ranging in age from 19 to 67 years) with nonfamilial cutaneous melanoma to determine the prevalence of dysplastic nevi. We found a 4.5% prevalence of dysplastic nevi in patients with uveal melanoma, significantly lower than the 41% prevalence in patients with cutaneous melanoma (two of 44 patients vs 19 of 46 patients). This study indicates that uveal and cutaneous melanoma are not etiologically linked through dysplastic nevi and suggests that patients with uveal melanoma are no more likely to have cutaneous dysplastic nevi than the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Spot diagnosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The structures of two potential antitumor steroid--base adducts.

Steroids have been coupled to pyrimidines to give potentially target-specific anti-tumor agents. We report here on the molecular structures of two such adducts. 21-(1H-uracil-1-yl)-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione and 21-(1H-thymin-1-yl)-pregn-4-ene-17 alpha-ol-3,20-dione. The structures of these have been determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The uracil substituent of the former compound is observed to be oriented below the alpha-face in the plane of the steroid skeleton. In contrast, upon introduction of a 17 alpha-hydroxyl group, as in the latter compound, the base substituent is found to be in a perpendicular orientation bent towards the beta-face of the steroid skeleton. In the uracil derivative the bases stack between steroid portions of other molecules. In the thymine adduct this does not occur. Only steroid--steroid stacking is observed. The molecule conformations are correlated with the differences in receptor affinity for these two steroid adducts.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Application of risk assessment to food safety decision making.

The purpose of this report is to present the scientific basis of risk assessment and to demonstrate that risk assessment can be used to make decisions about the safety of our food supply. The report has been prepared as as resource for those involved in the current discussions in Congress and elsewhere over the policies b by which the safety of the American food supply is evaluated and assured. The document is not intended to present an argument for any particular food safety policy, but rather to address a key scientific tissue that arises in the review of policy options. It distinguishes risk assessment--the scientific process of identifying and evaluating potential risks--from risk management, the separate policy decision regarding what constitutes "safety" or an acceptable degree of risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of Blastomyces dermatitidis by topical lidocaine.

This study was designed to determine if lidocaine inhibited growth of Blastomyces dermatitidis and thereby reduced recovery of the fungus from bronchoscopy specimens. Case records of 36 patients with pulmonary blastomycosis showed that when the fungus was present at microscopy, whether the specimen was sputum or bronchial washings, culture of the bronchoscopic specimen was more frequently negative than the culture of the sputum specimen (p less than .05). In addition, lidocaine was shown to inhibit growth of B dermatitidis in vitro, with the inhibition depending on the concentration of the drug and the duration of exposure (p less than .01). High concentrations of lidocaine for topical anesthesia appear to adversely affect the recovery of B dermatitidis from bronchoscopic specimens.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Acrokeratoelastoidosis.

Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a very rare entity of unknown etiology, characterized by small, firm, yellowish, translucent papules which usually appear on the margins of the hands and feet between the junction of the dorsal and palmar/plantar skin. Histologically, the most characteristic features are hyperkeratosis, mild acanthosis, and, most strikingly, fragmentation of coarse elastic fibers within the reticular dermis. This eruption is variable in terms of its onset, may be sporadic or familial, is generally asymptomatic, and has a prolonged course.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1982

Accelerated recovery of single nephron function by the postischemic infusion of ATP-MgCl2.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ATP-MgCl2 when infused immediately 8 or 24 hr after 45 min of bilateral renal artery ischemia and to determine if an initial improvement in clearance of inulin (CIn) would be sustained throughout the course of recovery. In addition, the influence of ATP-MgCl2 on the pattern of recovery of whole kidney and single nephron function was assessed by determining the impact of this agent on proximal tubular pressure and transepithelial backleak. The postischemic administration of ATP-MgCl2 resulted in significantly enhanced recovery of CIn irrespective of the time of the infusion after the initial insult. This beneficial effect was sustained in that the ATP-MgCl2-treated rats had significantly better CIn 1, 3 and 7 days after the injury when compared to normal saline-treated animals. Moreover, single nephron inulin clearance (SNCIn) was better preserved than whole kidney CIn in both groups of animals and in the ATP-MgCl2-treated animals SNCIn was similar to control values even 1 day after the injury. The enhanced recovery of single nephron function in the ATP-MgCl2-treated animals resulted from reduced proximal tubular pressure and diminished backleak of tubular fluid. Animals given ATP-MgCl2 had better preservation of cellular morphology. Horseradish peroxidase was excluded from most epithelial cells and the interstitium in a manner similar to that seen in control animals while saline-treated rats demonstrated backleak of this tracer compound. Based on these studies, it appears that the beneficial effect of ATP-MgCl2 occurs because of the preservation of sublethally injured cells by augmentation of the process of recovery.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Cutaneous histoplasmosis.

Cutaneous lesions as a manifestation of histoplasmosis, primarily a disease of the respiratory system, are rare and most commonly appear secondary to progressive dissemination. A patient with documented progressive, disseminated histoplasmosis, having been treated previously with amphotericin B, presented on a second occasion with cutaneous lesions as the chief complaint. Biopsy and cultures of these lesions were positive for Histoplasma capsulatum. A review of the English literature revealed only 7 reported cases of secondary skin histoplasmosis in the past 20 years. All patients, including the current one, either had diseases associated with depressed immunity or were receiving steroid therapy.

Adult↗