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Biomedical subjects

M R Sapin

Publications and source records attributed to M R Sapin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Anthropological approaches in human anatomy].

Principles of anthropological methodology used by human anatomy have been formulated as the elucidation of forms and factors of variability of structures and their correlation in the integral organism. Under consideration was the use of different morphological signs for their integral estimation of the condition of the human body. The realization of these principles in research represents an anthropological trend in human anatomy. Its advantages in 1980s were preceded by the preliminary development of certain problems of anatomical anthropology by our national and foreign scientists. A review of researches on anthropological trends of human anatomy is given which were considered as a basis for the further development of medical and sports anthropology.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1992

[The anatomy and topography of lymphoid clusters in the walls of the human pharynx in postnatal ontogeny].

A macro-microscopic investigation was performed on preparations of the pharynx from 110 corpses of people practically healthy in their life-time. Lymphoid accumulations (prenodules) by the rhinopharynx are disposed mainly in the area of salpingo-pharyngeal folds and between them, in the oral part of the organ--near salpingo-pharyngeal folds and in the posterior wall. In children the lymphoid accumulations by laryngopharynx are found near the middle line of the posterior wall, while in adult people they are concentrated in the area of piriform recesses. In the rhinopharynx walls the lymphoid accumulations are adjacent immediately to the basal layer of the epithelium, by the oral and laryngeal parts of the organ they are disposed closer to the muscular layer. The maximum quantity of the lymphoid accumulations was observed in early childhood, it was twice lower in senile people. The greatest sizes of them were noted in juvenile age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Perivascular lymphoid nodules].

As a result of investigation of lymphoid formations in the walls of the human tracheobronchial tree and the pulmonary stroma by means of morphological and morphometrical techniques, certain regularity in arrangement of the perivascular lymphoid noduli has been stated along the course of the lympho- and hemomicrocirculatory bed links. The periarterial lymphoid noduli of the tracheobronchial tree have certain morphological similarity and some differences, when comparing them with usual lymphoid noduli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The anatomy and topography of the lymphoid formations of the human stomach in postnatal ontogeny].

By means of macro-microscopical methods 80 stomachs from persons of various age have been studied. In the mucous membrane of the human stomach during all age periods of postnatal development the lymphoid tissue is present as diffusely scattered lymphocytes, their microaccumulations and lymphoid noduli. Maximal amount of the lymphoid noduli is observed during the second mature age. The greatest number of the lymphoid noduli per 1 cm2 of the mucous membrane surface is revealed in the area of the lesser curvature and in the pyloric part of the stomach. Most often the lymphoid noduli are situated in the depth of the lumen proper of the mucous membrane, somewhat more seldom--in its more superficial parts, in the muscular lamina and in the submucous tela. The lymphoid noduli with germinative centers are met beginning from the first childhood up to old age. The greatest amount of diffusively scattered lymphocytes is situated near the lymphoid noduli and in the deep layer of the lamina proper of the mucous membrane.

Gastric Mucosa↗
PubMed1990

[Cytological structure of splenic white pulp in persons of different age].

Spleens (27) obtained from human corpses (from 1 year up to 85 years) have been investigated. By means of morphometrical grid amount of cells in the periarterial lymphoid muffs (PLM) and in marginal zones (MZ) of the spleen have been counted. In both structures of the white pulp small lymphocytes make the greatest number. Middle lymphocytes in comparison to the small ones are 1.5-4 times less in most of the age groups investigated. Amount of plasma cells is small. The part of reticular cells is 21-46% in MZ and 20-36% in PLM from the total amount of cells. In PLM immediately around the artery tightly packed to each other small lymphocytes are situated. Among small lymphocytes reticular cells are situated. A similar arrangement of cells is kept along the whole thickness of PLM. In MZ distance between cells of the lymphoid line is a little greater than in PLM. To singularly situating reticular cells small and middle lymphocytes are immediate neighbours. Plasma cells, as a rule, occur seldom; either middle lymphocytes, or reticular cells adjoin them. Sometimes, in PLM and MZ macrophages occur; they are situated in the areas free from other cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Local characteristics and interrelations between glands and lymphoid conglomerations in the esophageal wall].

Proper glands in 248 total preparations and lymphoid accumulations in 112 preparations have been investigated macro-microscopically in the human oesophageal preparations at various age. The organs have been obtained from 152 corpses of persons died from the death by violence and having no pathological changes in the organs of digestive and immune systems. The lymphoid tissue in the oesophageal wall is presented as accumulations of cells (prenodules++) and as diffusely scattered immune-competent cells. The glands and lymphoid accumulations are oriented as longitudinal rows. The lymphoid tissue accumulations are situated near to the glandular ducts, because the latter can serve as pathways for penetrating antigenic material into the organ's wall. The amount of the glands is maximal mature and elderly age, and that of lymphoid accumulations--at the second childhood. The dimensions of the gland body increase in the cranio-caudal direction, while the lymphoid accumulations, just the reverse, have their maximal dimensions in the upper third of the oesophagus. The gland bodies in places of the organ's anatomical narrowings in the section have more alveoles and are situated nearer to the covering epithelium than the glands in the neighbouring areas of the wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Anatomical variants of the lymphatic vessels connecting the inguinal lymph nodes].

The study of anatomical variants of lymphatic vessels connecting inguinal lymph nodes was carried out on 56 corpses of adult persons of both sex whose deaths were not connected with lesions in the lymphatic system of the pelvis and lower extremities. The inguinal lymph nodes and their afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels were detected by the method of intradermal injection and by the method of direct injection into the lymphatic vessels. It was stated that groups of the inguinal lymph nodes, as well as the nodes in every group determined, can serve as nodes of different stages for afferent lymphatic vessels running from different parts of the body and organs.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[Alteration of the construction and cellular composition of ileo-colonic lymph nodes of rhesus macaques after administration of salmonella vaccine].

In stained histological sections, percentage ratio of areas to different cellular elements in structural components of the ileocolonic lymph nodes was studied in mature Macaca rhesus, normal and after injection of salmonella vaccine. A rather considerable reaction in all structural components and cell composition of the lymph nodes was demonstrated as a response to immunization of the animals. These changes were demonstrated in decreased area occupied by the cortical substance and in increased area occupied by the medullar substance of the lymph node. In the cortical substance, together with decrease in the cortical plateau, total number of folliculi rises with formation of light centers in them. Calculation of cellular elements revealed that in the cortical substance cytopoietic function was inhibited; that was expressed in decreasing mitoses and blast forms in the cells. Most drastic alterations occur in myelin cords of the lymph nodes. Together with increasing area, a considerable reaction of acidophilic leucocytes, premature plasma cells and macrophages is observed. Their number increases notably.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Microscopic structure of the mesenteric lymph nodes of monkeys].

The structure and cytoarchitectonics of mesenterial lymph nodes were studied in thin histological sections by different methods. Under study were 5 rhesus monkeys and 3 hamadryas baboons. The square surface of different structural elements of the nodes (the cortical and medullary substances, follicles, the connective tissue framework, sinuses) occupied by them in sections was calculated and the amount of cellular elements was determined (%). Comparison of the data obtained in rhesus monkeys and baboons speaks of certain species-specific features of the organs under study. The morphological picture of lymph node sections in baboons (as compared with rhesus monkeys) might suggest earlier ageing of nodes in baboons.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Cytological structure of the thymus gland in mature monkeys].

Histological sections of the thymus were studied morphometrically in 5 rhesus monkeys and 3 hamadryas baboons. The ratio of square surfaces of the cortical and cerebral substance, the percentage of Hassall's corpuscles and cellular elements (lymphocytes, stromal elements, blasts etc.) were established in the organ. Individual and species peculiarities of the structure of thymus elements were found. Less amount of parenchyma and growth of the stroma in baboons and a greater mitotic complex in rhesus monkeys show more pronounced involution processes in baboons.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Anatomy of the lymph vessels and nodes of the head and neck in green marmosets].

In 50 mature green monkeys, the lymphatic system of the skin on the hairy part of the skull (occipital, parietal, frontal) and on the face was studied. The lymphatic vessels of cranial and cervical organs flow into submental, submandibular (anterior, medial, posterior) lymph nodes and into profound cervical (cranial, medial, caudal) lymph nodes. Lymph nodes together with efferent lymphatic vessels form lymph collectors of the neck which follow the blood vessels branching: superficial jugular, profound jugular and paratracheal network.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Influence of sex on children's body measurements and indices of biological age (findings from a study of twins of different sexes)].

By antropometry and roentgenography methods in 52 twin pairs of different sex, body dimensions, the third metacarpal bone and the phalange of the third right hand finger, as well as the terms of permanent teeth eruption were studied. The investigation revealed no timely coincident periods in growth activity between girls and boys. During the first period (6,5--10 years), predominance of some dimentions is observed in boys, during the second (8,5--14 years)--in girls, and during the third (11--17 years)--in boys again. Somewhat different terms for permanent teeth eruption make it possible to distinguish two periods: 7 years when the boys surpass the girls in the number of permanent teeth (two teeth in average) and 8--14 years when the boys lag behind the girls in the number of permanent teeth.

Adolescent↗