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Biomedical subjects

M R Sage

Publications and source records attributed to M R Sage.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery.

Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery has been considered a relatively rare cause of carotid artery occlusion. It is postulated this condition may not be uncommon and that some cases are not recognised. The condition is characterised by typical clinical and radiological features which should suggest the diagnosis. Despite these suggestive features it appears that recognition of this condition is not widespread and the diagnosis may not be made. Three cases of spontaneous dissection are reported. The clinical and radiological features will be emphasised and pathogenesis and treatment discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Muscle atrophy in ankylosing spondylitis: CT demonstration.

The CT demonstration of gross atrophy of the posterior spinal muscles and the left psoas muscle in a patient with chronic ankylosing spondylitis is reported. The muscle atrophy appeared to be related to gross total ankylosis of the thoracic and lumbar spine and severe unilateral involvement of the left hip joint. This observation suggests a relationship between muscle atrophy, spinal fixation, and reduced joint mobility.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Medullary sponge kidney and urolithiasis.

A review of the urographic findings in 200 patients with renal colic due to urolithiasis demonstrated radiological evidence of medullary sponge kidney in 34, an incidence of 17%. In the majority, the diagnosis was readily made and the changes were bilateral and extensive. This relatively high incidence suggests that medullary sponge kidney may be a contributing factor in a population already predisposed to calculus formation because of other factors such as diet and dehydration.

Colic↗
PubMed1982

Radiographic quantitation of reversible blood-brain barrier disruption in vivo.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) was used to quantitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in dogs in vivo following intracarotid infusion of hypertonic mannitol. The degree of opening varied with the same dose and infusion rate. The ratio of contrast enhancement in brain vs. venous blood was elevated in 4 of 5 mannitol-treated animals, with the greatest enhancement occurring in the ipsilateral basal ganglia and cortical gray matter. The statistical significance and reproducibility of the derived CT numbers used for brain and venous blood calculations, as well as the linear relationship between iodine concentration and CT enhancement, was affirmed by obtaining multiple consecutive scans.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The diaphragma sellae: its relationship to normal sellar variations in frontal radiographic projections.

Recognition of prolactin-secreting microadenomas has led to renewed interest in normal variations in sellar contour that may mimic pathologic changes. A study of sphenoid bones obtained at autopsy from 100 patients who had histologically normal pituitary glands was done to determine the relationship between the diaphragma sellae and variations in the floor of the sella turcica, as seen in frontal radiographs. Nineteen of 46 (41%) sphenoid bones with a complete diaphragm had a floor that was convex downward with a depth range of 1-2 mm. Thirty-one of 54 (57%) sphenoid bones with a defective diaphragm had a floor that was convex downward with a depth range of 0.5-6 mm. A positive correlation existed between the presence of a defect in the diaphragma sellae and the depth of the central depression of the floor, and also between the depth of any resulting intrasellar cistern and the depth of the central depression. Eight bones with large defects in the diaphragma sellae showed great convex downward bowing of the floor with a central depression of greater than 2 mm in each case. Despite a histologically normal pituitary gland, a defect in the diaphragma sellae may lead to expansion of the bony contour of the sella turcica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The diaphragma sellae: its relationship to the configuration of the pituitary gland.

One hundred sphenoid bones that were removed at autopsy from patients without apparent pituitary disease and with histologically normal pituitary glands were examined. In 46 specimens the diaphragma sellae was complete. The majority showed convex downward bowing below the diaphragmatic line in both the lateral and frontal planes while the remainder were straight, corresponding to the diaphragmatic line. In only one specimen was the diaphragma sellae convex upward in both planes. These findings suggest that upward displacement of the diaphragma sella as seen of coronal and sagittal computed tomography (CT) may provide early evidence of an expanding pituitary lesion. Twenty of 54 defective specimens had a defect that was larger than 80% of the length of the diaphragma sellae. There was a correlation between the size of the defect and the depth of the intrasellar cistern that resulted from the downward extension of the suprasellar cistern. Such variations may lead to confusion in CT interpretation. The pituitary infundibulum was at or behind the level of the midpoint of the diaphragma sellae in all specimens. In the presence of a defect, the infundibulum usually retained its relationship to the posterior rim of the defect, and therefore when the defect was large the infundibulum was found adjacent to the dorsum sellae.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lumbar myelography today. Experience with metrizamide, a water-soluble, non-ionic contrast medium.

A clinical assessment of metrizamide (Amipaque) lumbar myelography in 150 patients is reported, and the adverse reactions encountered are presented and discussed. Minor adverse reactions--headache (48%), nausea (10%) and vomiting (7%)--were common, and the incidence reflected overseas experience. Severe headache occurred in a significant proportion of patients (20%), despite adequate hydration and the use of a small-gauge needle. There were no major adverse reactions such as epilepsy or severe muscle spasm. The study suggests that metrizamide is well tolerated, gives good anatomical demonstration and should replace iophendylate (Myodil) in this region. Recent reports of occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications indicate that further cautious assessment is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Case report. Rapid development of cerebral atrophy due to perinatal herpes simplex encephalitis.

A case of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is reported in which diffuse cerebral hemorrhagic lesions were seen in the neonatal period. Severe progressive cortical atrophy with parenchymal calcification developed over the subsequent 9 months, resulting in a striking computed tomography (CT) appearance. The range of CT findings in neonatal HSV encephalitis is reviewed, and differential diagnostic considerations in the present case are discussed.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1980

Diagnostic and therapeutic impact of computerized tomography in patients with malignant brain tumours: South Australian experience.

The incidence of malignant brain tumours in the South Australian population has been determined for two six-months periods before and after the introduction of computerized tomography (CT). The impact of CT on diagnosis and short-term patient status has been analysed in patients with astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. CT has significantly altered neuroradiological practice in these patients, but appears to have had little impact on prognosis or outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Changes in neurological practice in South Australia after the introduction of computerized tomography.

There has been no significant change in the age distribution of patients undergoing neuroradiological investigations after the introduction of computerized tomography (CT) in South Australia. The referral pattern has not changed, and adequate clinical neurological assessment was apparent both before and after the availability of CT, with the application of CT being selective rather than additive. Initial impression suggests some reduction in bed utilization after the introduction of CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

CT of intracerebral haemorrhage due to mycotic aneurysms--case report.

The CT findings in a case of intracerebral haematoma due to rupture of a mycotic aneurysm are presented. In addition to the haematoma, CT demonstrated small focal areas of cortical enhancement, which corresponded to the peripheral aneurysms seen on angiography. Such findings are thought to be characteristic; a brief differential diagnosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The clinical and radiological features of the empty sella syndrome.

The importance of the empty sella syndrome has increased with recent interest in pituitary micro-adenomas, trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy and computerised tomography. Four cases of the empty sella syndrome which illustrate the clinical and radiological features are reported, and the literature is reviewed. Headache, visual symptoms and endocrine disturbances are commonly found in association with the empty sella syndrome, and the coexistence of pituitary micro-adenomas is well recognised. Symmetrical ballooning of the sella turcica without changes in configuration is the typical finding with plain radiography, but occasionally more extensive destructive changes in the region of the pituitary fossa may occur. Provided that the correct angulation, collimation and level of cut are chosen, computerised tomography now may be used to make a definitive diagnosis, making air encephalography unnecessary.

Adenoma↗