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Biomedical subjects

M R Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to M R Nelson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Brachial plexus birth injuries and current management.

OBPP is a condition that, for the majority of patients, resolves spontaneously with appropriate nonoperative treatment. However, those patients who do not improve spontaneously now have a better chance for recovery owing to recent advances in microsurgery and nerve-transfer techniques. The most important aspect of therapy is timely recognition and referral.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Central venous line infections in AIDS.

UNLABELLED: The relative infection rates of Port-a-Cath and Hickman lines used for the maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis were studied by retrospective casenote review. Seventy-five lines were inserted over an 18 month period. The overall infection rates were significantly greater for Hickman lines: 0.97/100 line-days compared to 0.39/100 line-days for Port-a-Caths, with a trend towards higher infection rates in those prescribed ganciclovir. A total of 56 episodes of septicaemia were recorded with a significantly greater incidence of septicaemia within 1 month of line insertion in those with a neutrophil count < 1.0 x 10(3)/mm3. Ten infectious episodes were associated with death, six of which were due to Pseudomonas spp. CONCLUSIONS: In HIV seropositive patients, use of a Port-a-Cath is associated with a significantly lower rate of line associated sepsis than use of a Hickman line. Insertion of long term central venous catheters should be avoided if possible when the neutrophil count is < 1.0 x 10(3)/mm3.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus. As patients with HIV survive longer with severe immunodeficiency, the incidence of PML is rising. Diagnosis is not always easy and the gold standard remains histological confirmation of the characteristic lesions of PML which requires a brain biopsy. This is considered too invasive by many clinicians and patients alike and detection of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used as an alternative to biopsy. JC virus subtype detection in brain, CSF and blood leukocytes may offer further diagnostic and prognostic possibilities. The aetiology, clinical features and diagnostic problems of PML are reviewed. At present the outlook for patients with confirmed PML is poor and there is currently no effective treatment. However, novel approaches to treatment are under investigation and show some promise.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Automated measurement of retinal vascular tortuosity.

Automatic measurement of blood vessel tortuosity is a useful capability for automatic ophthalmological diagnostic tools. We describe a suite of automated tortuosity measures for blood vessel segments extracted from RGB retinal images. The tortuosity measures were evaluated in two classification tasks: (1) classifying the tortuosity of blood vessel segments and (2) classifying the tortuosity of blood vessel networks. These tortuosity measures were able to achieve a classification rate of 91% for the first problem and 95% on the second problem, which confirms that they capture much of the ophthalmologists' notion of tortuosity.

Fundus Oculi↗