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Biomedical subjects

M R Ndiaye

Publications and source records attributed to M R Ndiaye.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Fungal keratitis in an intertropical area: diagnosis and treatment problems. Advantage of local use of polyvidone iodine].

Fungal infection is rarely investigated in keratitis. The authors report five cases of fungal keratitis observed at the le Dantec University Teaching Hospital of Dakar, Senegal, involving two males and three females. Diagnosis was made by examination of smears and cultures of corneal scrapings revealing Candida albicans isolated in four patients and Acremonium strictium in another after 2 or 12 weeks of treatment with antibiotics, antivirals, or steroids. Povidone iodine 2.3% concentrated eye drop was used alone or with an azole for 4 a mean of weeks. All patients presented corneal scars. Fungal keratitis must be considered in presence of torpid corneal ulcer and corneal scraping must be systematically done. Topical povidone iodine alone or associated with azole may be an alternative fungal keratitis treatment in intertropical areas.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

[Aniridia: five case studies].

INTRODUCTION: Aniridia, or congenital absence of the iris, is a rare and severe ocular abnormality. We report five cases diagnosed in our department over the last 5 years and describe our clinical findings and attitude. OBSERVATIONS: The patients were two adults and three children, 8-45 years old at the time of diagnosis. Visual acuity ranged from light perception to 20/50. Aniridia was associated with other abnormalities in four cases: lens ectopy in one case, ptosis in three cases, microcornea in one case, macular hypoplasia in three cases and a pterygium coli associated with a pectus excavatum in one case. All patients had complications: corneal dystrophy in three cases, lens opacities in five cases, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in two cases, severe amblyopia with nystagmus or strabismus in three cases. Only patients with glaucoma received IOP-lowering medications. IOP was normalized in both cases and regular controls were instituted for all the other patients. DISCUSSION: Management of aniridia is complex in our regions because patients often consult late, at a stage that involves complications and amblyopia. First-intention surgical treatment of glaucoma is not always justified. CONCLUSION: Only genetic counseling, a close follow-up after an early diagnosis and adapted surgical techniques can improve the visual prognosis of aniridia patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Senegalese experience of orbital cellulitis].

AIM: To show the etiological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of orbital cellulitis at the ophthalmological clinic of A. le Dantec hospital. PATIENTS AND METHOD: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 1994 to October 2003. Sixty-eight patient records were used. We noted patients' civil status, past medical history, clinical and paraclinical examinations, treatment received before and at admission to the clinic, and progression. RESULTS: The incidence of orbital cellulitis was 8.9 cases per year. The average age of patients was 18 years and the sex ratio 2.78 in favor of males. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 11 days. The fever was often stopped at admission. All patients had violent retrobulbar pain, associated with inflammatory exophthalmos in 77.8% of cases, and ophthalmoplegia in 67.2%. Two cases of diplopia were noted; 57.5% had sinusitis. Streptococcus was the bacterium found most frequently. In hospital, all patients received three antibiotics (ampicillin, aminoglycoside, metronidazole) and prednisone. In 51.5% of the cases, surgical treatment was necessary. Progression was favorable in 55.88% of the cases. Three patients died and 18 cases of blindness were noted. CONCLUSION: Orbital cellulitis is a young people's disorder with serious complications. This medical emergency requires a combination of effective antibiotics and a corticosteroid. Treating the source of infections is essential to avoid recurrence. In our practice, these three drugs in association in first intention was beneficial without an antibiogram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Epidemiological and angiofluorographic aspects of diabetic retinopathy in Senegal].

PURPOSE: Attempting to improve life expectancy among diabetics reveals degenerative complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) linked to microangiopathy. We assessed the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in its various forms amongst diabetics in Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a survey between March and October 1998. The 51 patients surveyed had been affected for more than 5 years. They were divided into two groups: insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD). Patients were aged 17-71 and included 27 IDD and 24 NIDD. Each patient was given both a biological checkup (blood sugar level, HBA1c, creatininemy, triglycerides, cholesterol, albuminaria and urinary glucose) and an ophthalmological checkup with angiography in fluorescence. RESULTS: Of the 51 patients studied, 26 presented a progression span of the disease of over 10 years. DR was detected in 62 eyes out of 102 (60.78%), with 37.25% of nonproliferating DR, 17.65% of preproliferating DR, and 5.88% of proliferating DR. Maculopathy was detected in 10 eyes (9.80%). Amongst the IDD patients, diabetic retinopathy accounted for 57.14% of diabetes, with a progression span of less than 10 years, compared to 84.62% for diabetes with a progression span of over 10 years. Amongst the NIDD patients, diabetic retinopathy accounted for 36.36% compared to 61.54%. DISCUSSION: Through these results, a connection can be made between diabetic retinopathy, the progression span of diabetes, the type of diabetes, and the other microangiopathies. We noted a rise in retinopathy that increased with the age of diabetes patients and their IDD group. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary support of diabetes ensures early detection of diabetic retinopathy; hence the need for closer collaboration between the endocrinologist and the ophthalmologist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Compliance of medical treatment in primitive glaucoma open angle].

INTRODUCTION: Compliance to medical treatment expresses the patient's perception of the disease and the treatment prescribed by the doctors. Lack of compliance endangers chronic glaucoma care, which explains the importance it has been given these last years. The objectives of this survey were to evaluate the compliance of adult patients suffering from primary open angle glaucoma to discover the influential factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a survey at the ophthalmology clinic of Le Dantec Hospital from January 1997 to May 1998 among 31 adults being treated for primary open angle glaucoma. An indirect evaluation of the patients' compliance was made on the basis of a questionnaire after examination of their medical files. It was deemed good, average, or bad depending on: regularity of the patient's visits to the doctors, regularity of the treatment, respect of the doctor's prescription and the prescribed times for taking the medicine. The Chi square independence test was used to study the influence of the following factors: age, sex, residence, socioeconomic status, duration of symptom progression, level of instruction, counseling, and treatment. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 60.5 years. Compliance was deemed good for 29% of the total cases, average for 32.3%, and bad for 38.7%. Only factors such as the regular visits to the doctor, the regularity of the treatment, and respect of the doctor's prescription and the prescribed times for taking the medicine were found to be influential (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The medical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma, whether temporary or permanent, with a maximum of efficacy and a minimum of side-effects requires good compliance on the part of the patient. This compliance in turn requires a good doctor-patient relationship based on effective repeated counseling to educate patients, help them understand the disease, and act on the influential factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Frequency of retinal changes in myopia in a black population].

PURPOSE: Retinal detachment is the main complication of peripheral retinal lesions in myopia but seems rare in black people. We analysed peripheral retinal changes in myopia in a black population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted by a single ophthalmologist. The tests included a refraction, a retinal biomicroscopy (with a Volk lens and a 3-mirror Goldmann lens) and an indirect ophthalmoscopy. The results were compared by a chi square test. RESULTS: 50 people (100 eyes) were available for examination. The mean age was 28.21 years, the two extremes being at 11 and 54 years, with 68% females and 32% males. In 50 eyes the spheric equivalent was between -1 and -5.75 diopters (group I). In 50 eyes the spheric equivalent was greater than or equal to -6 diopters (group II). Snow was found in 16% of cases in group I and 34% of cases in group II (p = 0.0366). Tears were found in 2% of cases in group I and 12% of cases in group II (p = 0.116). Lattice degeneration was found only in group II. CONCLUSION: Retinal tear frequency was similar to the results of other authors. Comparative studies are necessary to evaluate the risk of retinal detachment in black populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Contribution of the Kansas technique for reducing complications of mature cataract surgery].

PURPOSE: We report our experience with the Kansas technique of phakosection which eliminates or limits most complications of classic manual extracapsular extraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included our first 80 patients undergoing surgery for mature cataract between May 1996 and May 1998 where we used the Kansas technique. We compared outcome with a group of 30 patients who underwent classic manual extracapsular extraction in a study performed in 1995 by the same surgeon in the same hospital. RESULTS: Per- and post-operative complications were significantly lower with phakosection. Functional rehabilitation was quicker, better and provided better patient comfort. DISCUSSION: Despite some difficulties encountered in a public hospital (viscoelastic excessively fluid and in small quantity, lack of suitable knives or reuse of sterilized disposable knives), we found that the Kansas technique is very well adapted to mature cataracts and our working conditions. CONCLUSION: Phakosection allowed us to give our patients with mature or very mature cataracts the benefit of small incisions. With a moderate increase in cost, this technique significantly reduced our per- and post-operative complication rates and gave quicker and better visual recovery. In our countries, this technique provides better care than phakoemulsification.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Scleral mini-incision without ultrasound in the treatment of congenital cataract].

PURPOSE: Congenital cataract surgery can be performed by pars plana or limbal incision. We report our experience with scleral incision without ultrasounds in congenital cataract surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen children with congenital cataract underwent surgery of both eyes (30 eyes). The zonular ciliaris and the lens anlage were normal in all cases. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. A 3.2 mm scleral tunnel incision was made 2 mm from the limbus. Large capsulorhexis or capsulopuncture were performed after injection of a viscoelastic substance in the anterior chamber. After hydrodissection, the nucleus and cortex were aspirated. The wound was closed by apposition suture. RESULTS: The mean age was 70.13 months (range 5 months to 130 months). Mean induced astimatism calculated with the Cravy method was 0.70 dipoters. A posterior capsular tear was observed in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Small scleral incision without ultrasounds has advantages. No expensive instruments are required and astimatism is not induced. The anterior chamber lies deep during the operation, protecting the endothelial cells and facilitating aspiration. Postoperative inflammation is minimal. The small scleral incision technique is useful in selected cases of congenital cataract.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of implant position after envelope technique in "white" cataract surgery].

Capsulopunture in cataract surgery doesn't allow insertion of intraocular lens in the capsular bag. Envelope technique is a easy way for this insertion. The goal of our study was to analyse the position of the intraocular lens in the capsular bag, after performing envelope technique in eyes suffering from "white" cataract. We realised on 25 eyes with "white" cataract, envelope technique. GALAND method (one superior linear capsulotomy) was realised in 15 cases and double linear capsulotomy (superior and inferior), was realised in 10 cases. The mean age of our patients was 55 years with two extremes (17 and 70 years). The mean visual acuity was 14/20. After verification, in 91.636% eyes, intraocular lenses were in the capsular bag. In 2 cases, we found a decentration. Envelope technique can lessen risks of capsular zip. It protects endothelium cells and is helpful for the insertion of the intraocular lens in the capsular bag. Envelope technique is well adapted to the surgery of "White" Cataract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Ocular burns at the ophthalmologic clinic of the Central University Hospital of Le Dantec apropos of 28 patients].

Chemical and thermal ocular burns are emergencies in ophthalmology because of the blindness sequels they occur. All patients were included in a prospective study form during 18 months. 28 patients were admitted for ocular burns, representing an incidence of 5.21%. 13 of them had occupational ocular burns, 11 homely ocular burns and 4 public way injuries. 18 had chemical burns and 10 thermal burns, with a total of 44 eyes. The clinical observations was dominated by conjunctival lesions: 90.9%, corneal lesions: 79.5%, and plapebral lesions: 43.2%. 11 of them who had chemical burns, the ocular irrigation was made immediately after the accident, and all of them had antibiotic and cicatrizing treatment. The seriousness of ocular burns, the youngness of patients must instigate the authorities to improve the working conditions in the factories, and a better information in manipulation of dangerous chemical product.

Accidents↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy at the Dakar University Hospital Center].

The aim of the study is to appreciate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among senegalese patients in analyzing age of diagnosis, duration of diabetes, plasma glucose and type of retinopathy. 129 diabetics followed and treated in the diabetic center of internal medicine clinic (Dakar University) were examined by 90 degrees Volk's lens. A determination of plasma c peptide and glucose concentration were performed. 55 (mean age 224. +/- 0.9 years) were insulino-dependent and 74 (mean age of 54.7 +/- 11.4 years) non insulinodependent. On average the duration of diabetes was 5.4 years +/- 5.4 for the former and 6.07 +/- 5.7 for the latter with respectively glucose plasma average 2.60 g/l +/- 0.7 and 1.7 g/l +/- 0.83. Retinopathy was found in 29 patients. So total prevalence was 22.48%, shared in 29.7% for non insulino-dependant and 12.7% for insulino-dependent. In 7 cases the retinopathy was proliferative and non proliferative in 22 cases essentially among non insulino-dependant diabetics. The diabetic retinopathy is one of handicaping complications of diabetics. Its prevalence is strongly linked to the duration of diabetes, glycaemic control and to other risk factors (genetics, glycosylated hemoglobin and high blood pressure).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Idiopathic serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment (a case report)].

Retinal pigmented epithelium detachment is frequently associated to age related macular degeneration or others maculopathies. More rarely no cause can be found, particularly in young patients where it constitutes an entity named "Idiopathic serous detachment of the retinal pigmentary epithelium". We report such a case. We insist on the clinical and angiographical characteristics which allows a differentiation from the idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy with which it can be confused. Last, it is important to point that for the time being no treatment can shorten the evolution.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Vitreo-retinal complications of hemoglobinopathy SC].

Sickle hemoglobinopathies are frequent in black population. Double heterozygous SC gives less general symptoms but ocular complications are very common. Fluorescein angiography of 20 cases are reported. All the patients had hemoglobin electrophoresis showing double heterozygous SC. Clinical investigations included fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. Laser treatment or cryotherapy were realised regarding lesions features. Vascular retinal complications were found in 75% of cases, including vitreous hemorrhage (10% of cases). There was no correlation between fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. Fluorescein angiography is useful for early diagnosis and allows preventive laser treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[HLA-markers and diabetic retinopathy in the Senegalese population].

Patients with IDDM often develop severe forms of retinopathy, supposed to be associated to risk factors such as hypertension, poor glycemic control and nephropathy. A controversial intervention of a genetic marker was evoked so as some diabetic patients have retinopathy in the absence of known risk factors. HLA-DR and DQ markers were compared in two groups of patients with IDDM respectively constituted of patients with and without severe retinopathy. HLA typing was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragments of length polymorphism (RFLP). DR9 (p < 10(-4); O.R. = 8.36) and DQA1*0301 (p < 0.05; O.R = 2.92) alleles were positively associated to diabetic retinopathy, at the opposite of DR3 (p < 10(-3); O.R: 0.01) and DQA1* (p < 10(-9); O.R = 0.15). Furthermore, among the genotypes previously considered as risk markers of IDDM in senegalese people, only DR4: DQA1*0301:DQB1*0302/DR9: DQA1*0301: DQB1*0201 was often observed in retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Trachomatous entropion trichiasis at the ophthalmologic clinic of Dantec CHU (apropos of 199 cases)].

In Senegal as well as others developing countries trachoma is a real public health problem. Entropion trichiasis is its most common and its most blinding complication. The authors made a retrospective study on 137 records of patients who underwent 199 surgical cures on a two years period. Epidemiologically, the average age is 49 years with a significative higher percentage of woman. Clinically, 51.5% of the patients had already complications, mostly on the cornea. The Trabut technique was the most used and its results was good in 82.4% cases. The authors underlined the duality of entropion trichiasis characterized by the ocular morbidity linked to the corneal damages and the simplicity of the surgical treatment which present definite advantages. Meanwhile they remind that the best treatment of the entropion trichiasis remains the prophylaxy of trachoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Apropos of a case of incomplete cryptophthalmos].

A rare case of the cryptophtalmos syndrome is presented. It's an atypical form according to François' classification. There are three types of cryptophtalmos. The problems of surgical management using several operations are underlined.

Eye Abnormalities↗
PubMed1994

[Essential atrophy of the iris apropos of 1 case].

The authors report a case of bilateral essential iris atrophy syndrome in a twenty two years old man associated with unilateral cataract and glaucoma. They stress the rarity of the syndrome (first case in their section) and the uncommon bilateral case. The cataract unusually described in the syndrome would be directly linked to the important and durable ocular hypertension.

Adult↗