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Biomedical subjects

M R Kamat

Publications and source records attributed to M R Kamat.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Value of tumor markers in nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis.

We herein report 8 years experience in the management of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis with 2 serum markers: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)). In the first 4-year period (group I) marker status was correlated retrospectively to the positivity of nodes and response to treatment. Of the 81 patients in group I, 22, 29 and 30 were in stages I, IIab, and IIc, III and IV, respectively. Of them, 5, 25 and 24 from the respective stages showed raised markers, while 17, 4 and 6 of the same stages had normal markers. The accuracy of the markers in predicting the positivity of the nodes and response to treatment ranged from 80 to 92% in different stages. In the second 4-year period (group II) markers were included in staging. Of the 85 patients in this group, 31 were classified as stage I; however, 25 of them had normal markers and 6 had raised markers (subcategorized as IM). Of the remaining 54 patients, 15 were in stage IIab and 39 in stages IIc, III and IV. In the final analysis, 3-year survival was 66% in stage IM as compared to 100% in the remaining stage I patients and 86% in stage IIab, indicating the aggressive nature of IM disease. Amongst stage IIc, III and IV patients, 28 (71%) patients responded to treatment and 3-year survival in them was 71% (20/28). Of the remaining 11 patients who did not respond to treatment in the form of persistently raised markers, the 3-year survival was 18% (2/11).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bladder leiomyoma in pregnancy: a case report.

We herein report a rare case of an asymptomatic bladder mass seen during pregnancy in a young woman. A hypogastric mass was detected at antenatal checkup in the 7th month of pregnancy. The mass increased in size as the pregnancy went to term. Three months after normal delivery, she underwent surgery and a tumor arising from the bladder wall was excised completely. Histology showed a symplastic leiomyoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Solitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a review.

Nineteen patients with solitary metastatic lesions from renal cell carcinoma, 5 synchronous and 14 metachronous, were seen at the Tata Memorial Hospital over a 7 year period between 1981 and 1987. The mean metastatic interval for the metachronous lesions was 31.2 months. The commonest sites of metastases were bone, lung, and liver. The solitary nature of the metastasis was confirmed by appropriate investigations. All patients underwent nephrectomy for the primary kidney lesion. The metastatic lesions were treated with intent of cure. Only 1 patient with synchronous metastasis survived for 2 years and none survived 5 years while in the metachronous metastasis group, the estimated overall survival was 50% at 2 years and 25% at 5 years. The patients with a long metastasis-free interval were found to have a better survival. The patients with liver metastasis did poorly as compared to those with metastases at other sites. The stage of the disease also had a bearing on the survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Value of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in advanced testicular seminoma.

Seven patients with advanced seminoma of the testis (stages II C and III) were treated with 3 induction cycles of VAB-6 chemotherapy. Three patients had complete remission after chemotherapy and are alive disease free at 32, 38, and 40 months with no additional treatment. Four patients were subjected to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for residual retroperitoneal masses measuring 2-4 cm after chemotherapy, which revealed fibrosis in 2 patients and metastatic seminoma in the other 2. Patients with metastatic residual masses were given postoperative radiation therapy to the retroperitoneum and are alive disease free at 33 and 34 months, while those with fibrosis are alive disease free at 30 and 52 months, respectively, with no additional treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Continent urinary reservoirs.

We report our experience of 30 continent urinary reservoirs (CURs) after radical cystectomy. The patients ranged in age from 35 to 70 years. There were 22 males and 8 females. Pre-operative urograms showed normal upper tracts in 22 patients, unilateral hydronephrosis in 4 and bilateral hydronephrosis in 4. The first 20 patients had a standard CUR procedure and the last 10 had a modified CUR. The mean operative time, blood loss and post-operative stay were 6.6 h, 900 ml and 25 days respectively for standard CURs and 5.7 h, 825 ml and 21 days respectively for the modified CURs. Post-operative, urinary leaks from the caecostomy site occurred in 2 patients (1 of which was fatal) while 3 other patients had prolonged ileus, burst abdomen and intestinal obstruction probably due to non-demonstrable urinary leaks. All 5 complications occurred in the first 20 patients. Upper tract status was evaluated in 28 patients 3 months after surgery and showed normal upper tracts in 19 patients, improvement in 6 (35%) and worsening in 3 (12.5%). Pouchograms showed no reflux in 25 patients, unilateral reflux in 2 and bilateral reflux in 1. Complete continence was achieved in 25 patients--2 of them had revision surgery, giving a success rate of 89% with a follow-up of 6 to 48 months (median 24). The remaining 3 patients were incontinent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Serum leucine amino peptidase levels as a marker in testicular tumours.

Serum levels of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were studied in 60 patients with testicular tumours and 26 normal individuals, and were found to be significantly elevated in patients with seminomas, nonseminomas and benign tumours of the testis. After treatment the LAP levels decreased in patients with seminomas, nonseminomas and mixed cell carcinomas indicating response to therapy. The quantitative method used for estimation of LAP, which is simple, quick, accurate and cost-effective, could be used more effectively as a tumour marker in testicular malignancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Tumors in undescended testis.

We herein report our experience in the management of 21 patients with tumors in undescended testis. The primary tumor was in the abdominal testis in six patients and in the inguinal testis in 15 patients. Seventeen patients had unilateral involvement and four had bilateral. Prior orchiopexy was reported in six (30%) patients, unilateral in three and bilateral in the other three, although tumors occurred in one side of three bilateral orchiopexy patients. Clinical staging showed five as stage I, six at stage IIb, two as stage IIc, seven as stage III, and in one no stage was possible. Microscopy showed seminoma, non-seminoma, and mixed tumors in 12, six, and three patients, respectively. As per protocol, stages I and IIb had either radiotherapy or retroperitoneal node dissection, giving three and five year survival of 11/11 (100%) and 7/7 (100%). All nine patients with stage IIc and stage III received induction chemotherapy (VAB-6) first and showed complete response (CR) in four (45%) and partial response (PR) in five (55%). Three and 5 year survival was 45% and 33%, respectively. Overall, 3 and 5 year survival was 70% and 69% respectively in all patients. Early stage disease (stages I, IIb) had excellent survivals, showing the adequacy of treatment, while patients with advanced tumor can still be salvaged with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate in children.

Fifteen children, 14 males and 1 female with a mean age of 4.9 years, were treated for rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and the prostate, between 1976 and 1985. In 14 patients, the disease was limited to the pelvis, while one had pulmonary metastases. The lesions were trigonal in 12 patients and involved the prostate in the other three. Eleven patients received vincristine-Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy, followed by radiation therapy. Four of these 11 patients required cystoprostatectomy for residual or persistent disease. Of the remaining four patients, two underwent radical cystoprostatectomy, one partial cystectomy and the patient with pulmonary metastases received only chemotherapy. Six patients were alive at 5 years (40% 5-year survival). Six patients died of local relapse within 18 months, one patient died of an unknown cause, while two patients were lost to follow-up free of disease after 2 years.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder: study of 14 cases and review of the literature.

Fourteen patients with adenocarcinoma of the bladder have been seen over a 14-year period; 6 tumours were of urachal origin and the remaining 8 were primary. All tumours were muscle-infiltrating. The 6 patients with urachal tumours were subjected to surgery; 3 underwent partial cystectomy and 3 radical total cystectomy. All patients who underwent partial cystectomy are alive and free of disease at 60 months, 12 months and 12 months respectively. The other 3 patients who underwent radical cystectomy suffered recurrence and 2 succumbed to their disease within 1 year. All patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy, 5 of them after planned pre-operative radiotherapy. There were 3 post-operative deaths. One patient died of an unrelated cause 30 months after surgery and 2 died of disseminated disease 8 and 16 months after surgery. One patient developed inguinal lymph node metastases 4 months after surgery and is controlled at 12 months with radiotherapy. Only 1 of the 8 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder is alive and free of disease at 6 months.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Study of total serum amylase, its salivary and pancreatic fraction and the pancreatic to salivary amylase ratio in testicular tumours.

Serum levels of total amylase, its pancreatic fraction (P), salivary fraction (S), and the ratio of pancreatic to salivary fraction (P/S) were determined in 52 cases of histologically proved testicular germ cell tumours and 33 healthy controls. Total serum amylase remained unchanged, but the salivary fraction had a lower mean value. P/S ratio and the pancreatic fraction were significantly elevated in both seminomatous and non- seminomatous tumours. The ratio was more frequently raised in non-seminomatous (100%) as compared to seminomatous (66.67%) tumors. Following treatment there was no appreciable fall in P/S ratio in non-seminomatous tumors whereas in seminomas there was a slight increase in the ratio. The pancreatic fraction showed a transient fall in seminomatous but not in non-seminomatous tumors following treatment. The pancreatic fraction of amylase and the P/S ratio may help in the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor but does not appear to be of use in assessment of prognosis or monitoring the course of the disease during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lymphokine activated killer cells and interleukin-2 production in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Lymphokine activated killer cells were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with cervical carcinoma. The cytotoxic potential of these cells was determined against three tumor cell lines (K-562, RAJI and MCF-7) using a short-term 51Cr-release assay. Both normals and patients showed comparable levels of LAK activity. Phenotypic analysis of cells having LAK activity showed a heterogeneous population. A significant increase in the expression of CD25 marker (IL-2R, Tac) of PBL population was observed after IL-2 culture. In addition, the indigenous ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce IL-2 in response to mitogen PHA was almost the same as observed in case of normal individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extra-adrenal non-functioning paraganglioma.

Extra-adrenal non-functioning retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare tumors. We herein report a case of retroperitoneal tumor which posed a diagnostic and management problem. Review of the literature shows only 16 previously reported cases of extra-adrenal paraganglioma which underwent complete surgical excision.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Autonomous aldosterone-secreting ovarian tumor.

The case of a young woman with primary aldosteronism originating extraadrenally--ovarian tumor--is reported. Clinically she presented with uncontrolled hypertension. Biochemical and hormonal profiles showed features of aldosteronism. The primary was found in the left ovary. Following excision of the tumor, aldosteronism regressed completely. Microscopically, the tumor was of the lipid cell type. Nine months after surgery she is asymptomatic and well. Review of the literature uncovered three previous reports of aldosterone-secreting ovarian tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bilateral synchronous tumors in testes in unrecognized mixed gonadal dysgenesis: a case report and review of literature.

A case of germ cell tumor occurring simultaneously in the descended and undescended testes of an infertile phenotypic man is reported. Cytogenetic studies revealed a 46XY pattern. Exploration of the abdomen showed a left testicular mass in close proximity to a rudimentary uterus, a fallopian tube and a right testicular mass in the scrotum. Complete excision of both testicular masses and the uterus with the adnexa was done. Histologically, both tumors were seminoma. The patient was well 2 years after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and ratio of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to lactate dehydrogenase in testicular tumours.

Serum levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (HBDH) and the relative ratio of alpha-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase to Lactate Dehydrogenase (HBDH/LDH) were determined in 51 cases of histologically proved testicular germ cell tumors and 40 healthy controls. Serum LDH and HBDH levels were found to be raised in both seminomatous and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. The ratio of HBDH/LDH was found to be statistically significant in seminomas and insignificant in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Furthermore, the levels of LDH and HBDH showed a fall, following treatment indicating response to therapy. Serum LDH and HBDH could both be used as tumor markers in the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors as well as prognostic indicators in monitoring therapy, HBDH, being more specific in monitoring therapy as compared to serum LDH.

Adolescent↗