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Biomedical subjects

M R Joshi

Publications and source records attributed to M R Joshi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Liposomal budesonide for dry powder inhaler: preparation and stabilization.

The purpose of the study was to prepare stable liposomally entrapped budesonide (BUD) for a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation. BUD liposomes composed of egg phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol were prepared by lipid film hydration technique and sonicated to have the desired size (< 5 micro m). A rapid method was used for separation of free drug by centrifugation at a lower centrifugal force (G value). Liposomal dispersion was subjected to lyophilization after blending BUD with cryoprotectant in varying bulk and mass ratios, and percent drug remaining entrapped after lyophilization was optimized. Comparative drug retention studies on storage of DPI formulations were carried out in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Critical relative humidity of the formulations was determined and reported as one of the manufacturing controls. Sucrose was found to be the most effective cryoprotectant when present on both sides of the lamellae of liposomes in a bulk strength of 500 mM and mass ratio of lipid:sugar; 1:10. Blending of sorbolac before lyophilization showed better retention of encapsulated drug (95.59%). The respirable fraction of the product (20.69 +/- 1.50%) was comparable with that of the control (26.49 +/- 1.52%), suggesting that the liposomal BUD can be successfully delivered throughout the broncho-pulmonary tree. The findings demonstrate that liposome of BUD can be prepared with a high entrapment value, stabilized by lyophilization, and delivered as an aerosolized DPI. The stability studies of lyophilized product suggests a shelf-life of one year when stored under refrigeration (2 degrees C-8 degrees C).

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Transmigrant mandibular canines: a record of 28 cases and a retrospective review of the literature.

The transmigrant mandibular canine is a rare phenomenon. Most authors have described singular cases of unilateral or bilateral occurrence; however, a few authors have published more cases. This paper describes 28 cases exhibiting transmigratory canines. The observations are compared with observations from 39 earlier reports. Women are affected more than men. The left canine undergoes transmigration more commonly than does the right canine. Transmigration and impaction appear to be more common. Most of the patients do not have any symptoms, and these canines are often discovered at the radiological examination before orthodontic treatment. The etiology is obscure; however, abnormal displacement of the tooth bud in embryonic life is a commonly accepted explanation. Prolonged retention of the deciduous canine is a good clinical sign for a thorough radiological examination, preferably including an orthopantomographic radiograph. This would help in preventive measures. However, once established, a transmigrated canine requires surgical extraction. If possible, and if space is available and the patient is willing, all orthodontic efforts should be made to restore the normal position of this functionally very useful tooth in the human dentition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Liposomes of terbutaline sulphate: in vitro and in vivo studies.

In vitro studies were conducted to understand the comparative drug diffusion pattern, across artificial membrane, of the drug and of the prepared liposomes of different liposomal membrane composition. In vivo studies were carried out to determine the extent and time-course of pulmonary tissue uptake of administered liposomes containing terbutaline sulphate(TER) on rat lungs. In vitro studies revealed that the drug released from the prepared liposomes obeys Higuchi's diffusion controlled model. Different loading doses and release patterns of drug from the liposomes can be obtained by altering the PC:CHOL ratio and incorporation of cholesterol was found to reduce permeability of the membrane. Similarly drug absorption in vivo in rat's lung following intratracheal instillation, prolonged over 12 hr by liposomal entrapment of TER. The findings of present investigation indicated that liposomally encapsulated TER can be used for pulmonary delivery for maximizing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing undesirable side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transmigration of mandibular canines: a review of the literature and report of two cases.

Transmigration of mandibular canines across the midline is rare. Two 14-year-old female patients from South India were found to exhibit this phenomenon. In one patient, the mandibular right canine had crossed the midline and migrated to the left, up to the mesial root apex of the permanent first molar, near the lower border of the mandible. In the other patient, the permanent mandibular left canine had crossed the midline and migrated up to the root of the mandibular right canine. Both of these patients are being observed regularly for further migration. The literature on this rare condition is reviewed and its etiologic possibilities and treatment modalities are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Some observations on spacing in the normal deciduous dentition of 100 Indian children from Gujarat.

Plaster casts of 50 boys and 50 girls aged 3-6 years, from Gujarat, India, were studied to observe the pattern of spacing in the normal deciduous dental arches. Spaced type of dental arches were more common than closed type or 'no spaces' type. Spacing/no spacing appeared to behave independently between upper and lower arches and between the sexes. The amount of spacing was greater in males than in females. Bilateral anthropoid spaces did not exist as a single phenomenon. They occurred when some other spaces were also present. Anthropoid spaces were more in the upper arch than in the lower and more in males than in females. If anthropoid spaces occurred in the upper arch, they were frequently missing from the lower arch; this was observed more in females than males. Spacing on the left side was more than the right side. Spacing between the mandibular incisors was the greatest of all.

Child↗
PubMed1980

The interrelationships between facial areas and other body dimensions.

The data from 35 premenarchial Gujarati, Hindu girls, selected at random, in the age range of 120 months to 144 months were collected to find out statistically the nature and the values of correlation coefficients among various facial areas and other body dimensions such as body weight, stature, chronological and skeletal ages. The correlation coefficients between skeletal, chronological, height and weight ages ranged from 0.413 to 0.8105 showing moderately high association. Height and weight ages turned out to be the most reliable indicators of growth and development of facial areas in this age group and the chronological age as in ineffectual indicator of the same. Maxillary and mandibular areas showed a high value of correlation coefficients (0.67) while the orbitoethmoidal area did not show any correlation with any age variables or with other facial areas. The mandibular areas showed the highest correlation with weight age (0.63) and lowest with chronological age (0.431). The maxillary area showed highest correlation with chronological age (0.62) and lowest with skeletal age (0.42). Fifteen empirical formulae have been developed by which average value of facial areas could be predicted from the other variables.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗