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Biomedical subjects

M R Hanson

Publications and source records attributed to M R Hanson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Long-term management of respiratory failure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Present-day technology has made the in-home care of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation increasingly common. When this technology is applied to the care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, physiological, psychological, and ethical issues must be adequately addressed. Assessment of medical and social factors in six patients, four of whom are still living, indicates that in-hospital as well as follow-up evaluation should be carried out in an effort to anticipate the long-range problems, challenges, and limitations of home care ventilation. Because of increasing availability and simplicity of portable respiratory support devices, the implications of long-term ventilatory support for some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and similar illnesses will become more commonly considered in planning long-term home care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Peripheral nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Among 421 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 55 (13%) developed 63 new peripheral nervous system (PNS) complications postoperatively. Most common was a brachial radiculoplexopathy, which occurred in 23 patients. Of these, 21 involved lower trunk or medial cord fibers. In 17 there was a correlation between the site of jugular vein cannulation and the side affected, suggesting that needle trauma played a role. Stretching from chest wall retraction may have caused some cases. Other deficits included 13 saphenous, 8 common peroneal, and 5 ulnar mononeuropathies. Six patients had persistent singultus, suggesting phrenic nerve involvement. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis was found in 5. An isolated partial Horner syndrome and a facial neuropathy were also identified. Males were more likely to develop PNS complications. Hypothermia during surgery was associated with increased risk. Most PNS deficits were transient, and lasting disability was rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ischemic optic neuropathy: a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

Ischemic optic neuropathy followed cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in the postoperative period in 7 of 7685 consecutive procedures. Th visual loss was unilateral in four patients and bilateral in three and there was little improvement. This ischemic infarction of the optic nerve disk was attributed to hypotension, hypothermia, and activation of certain complement factors by the bypass procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surveillance and prevention of hepatitis in health care personnel.

Supplementary questionnaires from the AABB-CAP Viral Hepatitis Marker Survey were analyzed to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) risks in health care settings. Policies for personnel screening and HBIG usage in 1979 and 1980 show minimal differences. There was an increase in numbers of laboratory, dialysis, and surgery personnel treated with HBIG in 1980. A smaller number of hepatitis cases was reported in individuals working in these areas in 1980 compared with 1979.

Health Workforce↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of viral hepatitis marker test methods based on AABB-CAP survey data.

Results on samples tested for HBsAg by third generation methods in laboratories participating in the AABB-CAP Viral Hepatitis Marker Survey show considerable variation in the reactivity of these methods. The RIA and ELIA systems are more sensitive in detecting weakly reactive samples than the RPHA and the LatexTG methods. All of the methods are relatively specific. Results of tests for other viral hepatitis markers indicate that these methods have good sensitivity and specificity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Three-dimensional perspective of U.S. cancer mortality.

Data from U.S. death certificates, 1950--77, can now be displayed as computer-generated three-dimensional graphs. The results provide a panoramic view of the rise and fall in cancer rates by age, sex, and calendar year for Whites and non-Whites. Sample graphs depict the rising rates for lung cancer, the falling rates for stomach cancer, the relatively constant rates for breast cancer, and the dramatic change in rates for childhood leukaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the United States and Canada (1892-1979).

Information was collected on 301 cases of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in the United States and Canada Examination of available medical records, death certificates and published case reports on these patients showed that they came from a wide geographic area and many diverse ethnic and racial groups. No significant difference was found in the incidence of cases born between 1947 and 1976; the overall rate was 4.0 per million live male births in the United States. Median survival has increased with time from eight months for patients born before 1935 to 6.5 years for those born after 1964. Seventy-six of the 301 patients (25%) were still alive at last follow-up and ranged in age from 1 to 36 years with a median of 10 years. Causes of death were primarily limited to infections or bleeding, but malignancy represented a significant problem. Twelve percent of the group (36 of 301) developed malignancy, the predominant types being lymphorecticular tumors (23 of 36) and leukemia (7 of 36). The overall relative risk for malignancy was found to be greater than 100 times that of the general population and was found to increase with increasing age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Erythromycin resistance and the chloroplast ribosome in Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

Five classes of erythromycin-resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi have been identified. Each class corresponds to a different genetic locus, three nuclear and two chloroplast. The three nuclear loci appear to be unlinked, while Conde et al. (1975) have shown that the two chloroplast loci are linked, but not allelic. Mutants in each class have a unique pattern of cross-resistance in vivo to other antibiotics (lincomycin, carbomycin, and cleocin) that affect chloroplast protein synthesis. The chloroplast ribosomes from each class have a distinctive erythromycin-binding reaction in vitro.--Haploid and diploid strains containing combinations of different genes affecting the chloroplast ribosome were constructed to probe ribosome structure. New phenotypes were obtained by such combinations, demonstrating interactions between the gene products of a number of loci specifying ribosome components.

Chlamydomonas↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of tests for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs).

Participants in the American Association of Blood Banks--College of American Pathologists (AABB-CAP) HBsAg Survey Program primarily use a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for detection of anti-HBs in samples found to be surface antigen-negative. Although this is a new procedure for most laboratories, survey results indicate excellent proficiency.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Effects of erythromycin on membrane-bound chloroplast ribosomes from wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardi and erythromycin-resistant mutants.

1. Treatment of wild-type cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardi with high concentrations of erythromycin results in increased recovery of membrane-bound chloroplast ribosomes, presumably by preventing polysomal runoff during harvesting of cells. No such membrane-retention effect is detected if erythromycin is added after harvesting of cultures, before cell breakage. 2. Growth of wild-type cells is inhibited by 10 microgram/ml erythromycin, but a concentration twice as high is required to increase recovery of membrane-bound wild-type ribosomes. On the other hand, the concentrations of erythromycin which inhibit growth of mutant ery-M1b produce a membrane-retention effect. Mutant ery-U1a is resistant to high concentrations of erythromycin and no membrane-retention effect is detectable at concentrations which produce one in wild type and ery-M1b. 3. These results can be reconciled by a two-point model of the mechanism of erythromycin action on chloroplast ribosomes in Chlamydomonas.

Chlamydomonas↗
PubMed1977

Results of HBsAg testing of AABB-CAP survey samples.

Participants in the AABB-CAP HBsAg Survey Program and the Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey currently use radioimmunoassay (RIA) as the primary test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In changing from counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) to RIA, participants have maintained a high degree of proficiency, detecting 99.1% of all reactive samples. Both RIA and reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) show greater sensitivity than the second-generation methods. Proficiency with RPHA has been variable because of the occurrence of false-positive reactions and difficulty in detecting some samples with RIA ratios between 2.1 and 7.0.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Editing of rps3/rpl16 transcripts creates a premature truncation of the rpl16 open reading frame.

Overlapping open reading frames corresponding to maize mitochondrial genes rps3 and rpl16 have been found in Petunia mitochondrial DNA. The DNA region associated with these two genes is part of the Petunia mitochondrial recombination repeat and is iterated three times. Analysis of transcripts from these genes shows that there is RNA editing of the coding regions and that one of the editing sites detected in the open reading frame overlap creates a premature stop codon in the rpl16 sequence. No transcripts were detected that were unedited at this site. Thus, in Petunia editing of rpl16 appears to render this gene nonfunctional.

Amino Acid Sequence↗