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Biomedical subjects

M R Greenberg

Publications and source records attributed to M R Greenberg.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Disease competition as a factor in ecological studies of mortality: the case of urban centers.

Disease competition is a condition in which death rates are not what would be expected from the combination of etiological factors present in a region. Four types of disease competition are described: error; dominant occupational-lifestyle etiology leading to dominant diseases; dominant lifestyle with a variety of disease outcomes; and protective effect. Three clues that disease competition exists are discussed. In order to assess the importance of disease competition, an analysis was made of the geographical distribution of male white mortality from 23 causes in the 73 most populous counties in the United States. The results showed evidence only of the dominant lifestyle type.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1983

Urbanization and cancer: changing mortality patterns?

"Analysis of the relationship between cancer rates and urbanization for United States counties for the period 1950-54 reveals the expected urban/rural differences for many digestive, urinary and respiratory organ cancers and for female breast cancer. Similar urban/rural differences existed in many other Western countries. By 1970-75, however, urban/rural differences in the United States had substantially narrowed." It is noted that "available data do not allow formal tests of the relationship between these changes and specific etiological factors, but the data suggest that the spatial convergence is related to the changing geography of such risk factors as smoking, alcohol consumption, manufacturing, and socioeconomic status and to the diminished size and role of the white foreign-born population, as well as to such confounding factors as medical practices and population migration."

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

A note on the changing geography of cancer mortality within metropolitan regions of the United States.

An investigation made of the geography of cancer mortality rates within the most populous metropolitan regions of the United States and the New Jersey-New York-Philadelphia metropolitan corridor shows that during the early 1950s, as expected, central city counties has substantially higher cancer mortality rates, especially respiratory and digestive, than did suburbs. Two decades later, differences between the central cities and the suburbs had narrowed and sometimes disappeared.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

High cancer mortality rates from childhood leukemia and young adult Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma in the New Jersey-New York-Philadelphia Metropolitan Corridor, 1950 to 1969.

In comparison to the United States as a whole and to their total population age-adjusted rates, the New Jersey-New York-Philadelphia Metropolitan Region was found to have excessively high childhood leukemia and high young adult Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma cancer mortality rates in the period from 1950 to 1969.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What's your group worth?

With the advent of acquisitions and mergers of healthcare organizations, it has become necessary for medical group practices to know what they are worth. The traditional balance sheet valuation ignores what is perhaps the most important consideration of all: a group's earning potential. Discussed in this article are the many facets of the complex valuation process, including both tangible and intangible assets, and the author provides a method for adequately determining a range of values for a medical group.

Accounting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical dilemmas and solutions for risk assessment scientists.

A sample survey of U.S. scientists who belong to the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) was made to ascertain their observations of unethical behavior in the workplace and their opinions of the likely success of programs to prevent misconduct. SRA, an international organization with almost 1,700 U.S. members, includes toxicologists, epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, engineers, and social scientists, as well as experts in exposure assessment, statistics, and risk communications. Respondents reported relatively low rates of clearly unethical acts such as data destruction and fabrication (7%); however, 21% reported at least one observation of plagiarism. Reporting of other problematic behaviors ranged from less than 4% for human subjects violations to 51% observing deliberate overstatement of positive and deliberate understatement of negative results. SRA members did not think that government intervention would be effective in reducing misconduct. They were more supportive of formal education, seminars, videotapes, and a hotline that could be called for advice. We offer suggestions to ISEA and its members for developing a proactive approach to ethical misconduct.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Universities as resources to state health agencies.

In a survey of the 50 State health agencies in the spring of 1992, officials were asked about their manpower and research needs in the specific areas of administration, behavioral and social science, education and information, environmental health, environmental protection, epidemiology, laboratory, law, occupational health, policy and planning, and statistics. In all, 40 agencies (80 percent) responded. Indepth telephone interviews to determine whether universities and schools and graduate programs in public health filled these needs completed the data collection process. Agency officials indicated that their resources were least adequate in environmental protection, behavioral and social science, and occupational health. They did not feel their research needs were being met. There was a general feeling that universities and schools and programs in public health have different agendas than State agencies and that practical solutions to the shortage of research resources are not forthcoming from these sources. Suggestions are made as to what can be done to improve relationships between those who train public health personnel and those who employ them.

Data Collection↗