Biomedical subjects

M R Gottfried

Publications and source records attributed to M R Gottfried.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Safety and efficacy of India ink and indocyanine green as colonic tattooing agents.

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists concerning the safety and efficacy of colonic tattooing for the intraoperative identification of polypectomy sites. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the concentrations of India ink and indocyanine green that resulted in high-visibility tattoos without significant tissue inflammation and (2) the India ink injection volume that produces best visibility at colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy. METHODS: Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits (2 kg) were anesthetized and injected with India ink (undiluted 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10,000) and indocyanine green as an undiluted, concentrated formulation (25 mL/2 mL solvent) or in a diluted form (25 mg/5 mL solvent) at various concentrations (1:10, 1:50, 1:100). Tuberculin syringes were used to create a 0.1 mL serosal bleb at two injection sites 2 cm apart. Laparotomy was repeated at days 1, 3, and 7 after injection. Additionally, 16 rabbits were injected with India ink at laparotomy and re-explored at 1 and 5 months. Twelve mongrel dogs (20 kg) were injected with 1.0 mL volumes. Re-exploration by colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy was done at 7 days and 1 month. Tattoo visibility at re-exploration in both animal models was graded on a scale (0 = agent not seen, 1 = seen with difficulty, 2 = easily seen). Histology in the rabbit was judged by degrees of inflammation (0 = no inflammation, 2 = mild inflammation, 4 = moderate inflammation, 6 = severe inflammation). RESULTS: The concentrated indocyanine green solution was easily visible only on day 1 in the rabbit. Injections of both concentrated and diluted indocyanine green caused mucosal ulceration and moderate to severe inflammation. India ink studied at 7 days, 1 month, and 5 months after injection in the rabbit model was visible at all concentrations. The undiluted and 1:10 concentrations were easily seen and showed evidence of mucosal ulceration. Tattoos produced with all other India ink concentrations were visible without gross inflammation. India ink was also studied at 7 days and 1 month in dogs. The tattoo with the 1:100 concentration at 0.5 mL was seen consistently at colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparotomy with only a mild submucosal reaction at 7 days. The tattoos produced with the 1:100 and 1:1000 concentrations at 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL injection volumes were easily seen by all methods of intraabdominal visualization at 1 month with similar histology. CONCLUSION: Indocyanine green was an ineffective colonic tattooing agent. India ink was an effective colonic tattooing agent. Dilute concentrations that caused little to no inflammation could be visualized at 7 days and 1 month in rabbits and dogs and at 5 months in rabbits. India ink, at appropriated concentrations, appears to be a safe short- and long-term colonic tattooing agent.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Comparison of various hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate solutions as resuscitative fluids after hemorrhagic shock.

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggested that splanchnic hypoperfusion occurs after resuscitation with certain acellular hemoglobin solutions. We examined the influence of maltose content and oxygen affinity on resuscitation with various hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate solutions after hemorrhage. METHODS: Fifteen swine underwent hemorrhage and equal volume resuscitation with pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate containing 0% or 8% maltose, or low P50 conjugate, which also contained 8% maltose. Five control animals were monitored but not bled. Regional blood flow was determined by using radioactive microspheres, gastric mucosal perfusion was estimated with tonometry, and gut histopathology was evaluated. RESULTS: All hemoglobin solutions produced vasoconstriction, manifested by elevated mean systemic and pulmonary artery pressures without a significant decrease in cardiac index compared with the sham group. Resuscitation with maltose-containing solutions elevated arterial and regional PCO2 and depressed arterial pH and gastric pHi (p < 0.05 for all). Splanchnic and renal blood flows were reduced in the low P50 + 8% maltose group (p < 0.05 vs. sham and baseline for renal blood flow), possibly indicating greater regional vasoconstriction in this group. Ileal mucosal damage was more severe in the maltose-containing groups and correlated with decreased pHi. CONCLUSION: Vasoconstriction occurred in all groups but was more severe in the low P50 + 8% maltose group. Maltose-containing solutions caused respiratory acidosis, decreased pHi, and histologic evidence of mucosal injury. Pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate without maltose was a superior resuscitation solution in this swine model.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗

PubMed1997

Expression of cell adhesion molecule CD44 in primary tumors of the liver: an immunohistochemical study.

CD44, a widely distributed integral membrane protein, has been implicated in tumor invasion and metastatic spread in some human carcinomas and lymphomas. In this study, 35 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma from 32 patients (11 cholangiocarcinomas, 9 hepatic adenomas, and 5 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia, a non-neoplastic lesion) were examined by immunohistochemical methods for expression of CD44. The mouse monoclonal antibody A3D8 was used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue; this antibody does not distinguish between standard CD44 and splice variants. Positive membrane staining was seen in 13 of 35 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (12 of 32 patients), 8 of 11 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, and 1 of 9 cases of hepatic adenoma. The strongest staining for CD44 was seen in two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma, but CD44 expression was otherwise not related to degree of tumor differentiation. All five cases of focal nodular hyperplasia were negative for CD44. In non-neoplastic liver, hepatocytes were negative; sinusoidal lining cells and portal lymphocytes were positive; bile ducts and proliferating bile ductules were focally positive in some cases. Anatomic stage at time of presentation was similar in both groups of patients, with most patients presenting with stage III or IV disease. A trend towards slightly longer survival in patients whose hepatocellular carcinomas were CD44 negative was noted. These results show that aberrant CD44 expression is present in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas and in most cholangio-carcinomas. The relationship between CD44 expression and tumor spread is unclear in this group of tumors, but is unlikely to be a simple association between CD44 expression and metastatic potential.

Adenoma, Liver Cell↗

PubMed1996

Gastrointestinal pathology in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

Review of the medical records of 43 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and 23 patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLAG) revealed a high incidence of chronic gastrointestinal complaints, most commonly diarrhea. Thirty-eight biopsies, four small-bowel resection specimens, and one autopsy from 10 patients with CVID and one patient with XLAG showed a wide range of abnormalities. A pattern resembling acute graft-versus-host disease, with apoptotic bodies and lymphocytes in crypts, was seen in the stomach (four patients), small bowel (three patients), and colon (three patients). Small-bowel specimens from three CVID patients with malabsorption showed mild to severe villous atrophy. Three CVID patients had Giardia in biopsies. Two cases of small bowel lymphoma associated with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia were identified in CVID patients. One patient's small bowel contained foamy histiocytes in the lamina propria, resembling Whipple's disease or chronic granulomatous disease, with numerous apoptotic bodies in crypts. Ultrastructurally, the histiocytes contained cellular debris. The patient with XLAG had recurrent fissuring necrosis of small bowel resembling Crohn's disease; a patient with CVID had colitis with features similar to ulcerative colitis. Poorly formed granulomas were seen in the stomach (one CVID patient) and the colon (two CVID patients). Lymphocyte populations were dominated by T cells; B cells were scarce except in lymphoid follicles in CVID patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. Patients with CVID and XLAG manifest a spectrum of abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, with patterns superficially resembling graft-versus-host disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and Whipple's disease, but often lacking some of the diagnostic features of the diseases. Many of the CVID patients with chronic gastrointestinal complaints (62%) also had evidence of autoimmune phenomena, suggesting that in some patients the inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract has an autoimmune component.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Endoscopic tattoo agents in the colon. Tissue responses and clinical implications.

Laparoscopic surgery frequently requires tattooing of endoscopically identified sites for localization during surgery. Some tattooing agents cause serious tissue injury, which must be recognized in pathologic examination. Seven surgically resected colons were reviewed after injection with methylene blue or India ink at intervals of 1 day to 7 weeks before surgery. Early reactions to India ink included necrosis, edema, and neutrophilic infiltration in the submucosa and muscularis propria. Vessels were inflamed but without fibrinoid necrosis. Early reactions to methylene blue included ischemic ulceration, necrosis, and eosinophilic infiltration in the submucosa as well as fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls. In the repair of methylene-blue injury, obliterative intimal fibrosis was seen in vessels. Such changes were absent in the colons injected with India ink. The India ink remained remained visible with the naked eye and microscopically 7 weeks after injection. Methylene blue was not grossly visible 7 days after injection, and only microscopic particles of pigment remained in widely scattered macrophages. In light of these findings, the amount of ink injected should be minimized and the injection site should be completely resected at surgery. Methylene blue is a poor tattoo agent, but its occasional use continues, and pathologists should recognize the resulting reaction.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1996

Expression of p53 in adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and bile ducts.

Point mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene appears to be an important event in tumor development and progression, and overexpression of the p53 gene product has been widely studied in a variety of neoplasms. Some point mutations of the p53 gene lead to an increase in half-life in the gene product, which accumulates in the nucleus and can be detected by immunohistochemical means. We studied overexpression of p53 protein in specimens from 12 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, two gallbladders with epithelial dysplasia without carcinoma, eight carcinomas of the common bile duct, 13 hilar cholangiocarcinomas, and six peripheral cholangiocarcinomas. The monoclonal antibody Ab-2 (Oncogene Science) was used in conjunction with citrate microwave antigen retrieval. Nuclear staining was scored as positive (graded 1 to 3, depending on number of positive nuclei) or negative. Overexpression of p53 protein was present in 7/12 (58%) gallbladder carcinomas, and was seen more often in moderately or poorly differentiated tumors. Intramucosal carcinoma adjacent to invasive carcinoma was positive in three cases, although fewer cells stained than in the carcinoma. Two cases of low-grade dysplasia not associated with carcinoma were negative. Expression of p53 was not an independent prognostic factor when survival was related to grade and stage of tumor. Three of eight (38%) common bile duct carcinomas and 5/13 (38%) hilar cholangiocarcinomas were positive for p53. Slightly fewer (2/6, 33%) peripheral cholangiocarcinomas were positive. No difference in survival relative to p53 expression was demonstrated.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

Carcinoid of the ampulla of Vater presenting as acute pancreatitis.

A 30-yr-old female with a carcinoid tumor of the ampulla of Vater is discussed. This rare tumor presented in an unusual fashion with isolated pancreatitis in the absence of cholestasis. The correct diagnosis was made preoperatively by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with biopsies. Surgical removal led to complete resolution of symptoms. The importance of considering less common structural lesions such as ampullary carcinoids in the differential diagnosis of pancreatitis in patients without identifiable risk factors is stressed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

The significance of c-erb B-2 and p53 immunoreactivity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: Studies in breast cancer suggest that p53 and c-erb B2 protein overexpression are predictive of outcome. The authors determined whether these molecular markers correlated with treatment response and survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. METHOD: Immunostaining for p53 and c-erb B2 was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens from 42 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin and fluorouracil [5-FU] x 3 cycles) and irradiation (4500 rads) followed by resection. RESULTS: In this cohort of patients, 79% (33/42) were positive for p53, and 43% (18/42) were positive for c-erb B2. p53 positivity correlated with residual disease in the resection specimen but not with disease-free survival. Although c-erb B2 negatively correlated with residual disease after resection and a 5-year survival of 10%, c-erb B2 positivity was associated with a 5-year actuarial survival of 60%. CONCLUSIONS: Although p53 protein overexpression is commonly observed in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, its prognostic value appears limited. In contrast, c-erb B2 protein expression predicts a favorable response to therapy and improved survival.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1994

Pathology of the pancreas in severe combined immunodeficiency and DiGeorge syndrome: acute graft-versus-host disease and unusual viral infections.

Review of autopsies of 28 children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or combined immunodeficiency (CID) and three with DiGeorge syndrome showed a high incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the pancreas. Acute GVHD (seven cases: four SCID, two CID, and one DiGeorge syndrome) was characterized by lymphocytes around large to medium ducts, damage to ductal epithelium (focal necrosis, reactive nuclear changes, inspissated secretions in duct lumens), and periductal edema. Changes were judged indeterminate but suspicious for GVHD when ductal damage was slight (six cases: three SCID, two CID, and one DiGeorge syndrome). All patients with pancreatic GVHD had received allogeneic bone marrow, fetal liver or thymus transplant, or nonirradiated blood products and had evidence of GVHD in other organs. Immunoperoxidase stain for HLA-DR showed strong-to-moderate staining of duct epithelium in two of four GVHD cases for which blocks were available. This change was nonspecific; weaker staining for HLA-DR was seen in cases with nonspecific abnormalities and in viral pancreatitis. Four cases had histological evidence of viral infection: two had cytomegalovirus pancreatitis, one had patchy parenchymal necrosis caused by adenovirus, and one had giant cell pancreatitis caused by parainfluenza virus. Mild nonspecific changes, such as focal fat necrosis or acinar dilatation, were seen in seven cases. One case had unexplained marked pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis. Acute pancreatic GVHD is not uncommon in autopsies of children with congenital immune deficiencies with GVHD of other organs; however, this finding may not have strong clinical implications in this group of patients. Careful attention to pancreatic ducts is necessary for diagnosis. Unusual viral pancreatitis may also be seen in this group, as well as nonspecific abnormalities.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗

PubMed1994

Expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 in gastric adenocarcinomas.

CD44, an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed by many cell types, serves as the principal transmembrane hyaluronate receptor and may be a determinant of metastatic and invasive behavior in carcinomas. The expression of CD44 in 23 gastric adenocarcinoma and 12 peptic ulcer disease (PUD) resection specimens and gastric carcinoma cell lines HS746t and KATO III was examined by immunohistochemistry using the murine monoclonal antibody A3D8 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue or cells. Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates of KATO III and HS746t cells showed protein bands at 85 to 90 kd with KATO III cells expressing an additional band at 145 kd. In normal stomach gastric epithelium was negative. In PUD foveolar epithelium was focally positive, but staining did not correlate with the extent of gastritis. In carcinoma cases intensity of staining was progressively stronger comparing intestinal metaplasia with dysplasia with intramucosal carcinoma. Invasive carcinoma was invariably more strongly positive than dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. Twelve adenocarcinomas were weakly positive and 11 were strongly positive. The staining intensity of metastases (12 cases) was the same or weaker than the primary tumor. For the 12 patients whose carcinomas were weakly positive, mean length of survival for the six who died was 23.3 months. Five of the 11 patients whose carcinomas strongly expressed CD44 died within the study period with a mean length of survival of 11.0 months. A key consequence of CD44 overexpression in gastric carcinomas may be development of the invasive phenotype and strong expression may indicate a poorer prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Balloon dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi facilitates passage of glass beads from the canine biliary tract.

Laparoscopic management of common duct stones is increasing. The most widely used technique involves trans-cystic duct scope placement and stone extraction. Occasionally, stones cannot be retrieved and are allowed to pass spontaneously after manipulation of the sphincter of Oddi. This study examines a model of sphincter of Oddi dilatation in the dog to facilitate passage of glass beads simulating gallstones. In 24 dogs, glass beads of varying sizes (3-8 mm) were implanted in the gallbladder and allowed to pass spontaneously over 1 month. In three separate groups, these animals underwent (1) sham instrumentation of the sphincter of Oddi (control), (2) sphincter dilatation with balloon catheters, or (3) transduodenal sphincterotomy. At the end of 1 month, all the animals were autopsied, and the glass beads were retrieved. Histologic sections of the pancreas were examined for possible pancreatitis. The results of this study show that no animal experienced pancreatitis from sphincter manipulation or the passage of glass beads. The control animals who underwent sham manipulation of the sphincter passed 10% of their glass beads. In contrast, after sphincter dilatation, 52.5% of the 3-mm glass beads passed or 22% of all size beads. Animals with sphincterotomy passed a similar amount of glass beads as those with balloon dilatation. These studies suggest that balloon dilatation is as efficacious as sphincterotomy in facilitating the passage of glass beads from the canine biliary tract.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Thoracic intrathymic thyroid.

OBJECTIVE: The authors introduce thoracic intrathymic thyroid as a clinical entity. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although accessory aberrant thyroid has not been found in other tissues in the mediastinum, a thoracic intrathymic location has not been described previously. It is believed that mediastinal thyroid tissue represents accessory ectopic tissue from the median thyroid anlage. Moreover, the close association of the thymus and thyroid supports the theory that mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue develops from abnormal descent of these structures during embryogenesis. METHODS: Benign thoracic intrathymic thyroid lesions are described in patients with mediastinal masses. CONCLUSION: Thoracic intrathymic thyroid is a distinct entity. Its occurrence is supported both clinically and embryologically.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Gastrointestinal manifestations of amyloidosis.

We reviewed gastrointestinal manifestations in 40 patients with amyloidosis. Gastrointestinal symptoms included anorexia, macroglossia, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and altered bowel habits. Hepatomegaly was detected in eight patients, but none had clinically significant infiltrative liver disease. Mucosal friability and erosions were common endoscopic findings. Barium enema was noncontributory in the diagnosis of amyloidosis, since colonoscopy disclosed mucosal abnormalities in three of six patients with normal radiographic findings. Rectal biopsy had the highest diagnostic yield, followed by duodenal, gastric, and colonic biopsies.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Tissue culture of epithelium derived from Barrett's oesophagus.

Barrett's oesophagus is a preneoplastic condition in which the squamous mucosa of the oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium. Epithelial cells of Barrett's oesophagus were isolated from resected oesophagus specimens by two methods not previously applied to the culture of Barrett's oesophagus cells. These techniques included trypsinisation of small fragments of mucosa, followed by plating in tissue culture dishes, and a direct tissue explant technique. A modified MCDB-153 growth medium was used. Primary trypsin technique cultures were plated on uncoated plastic, or plastic coated with type I collagen, type IV collagen, or fibronectin. Growth on type IV collagen and fibronectin plates was slower but produced less contamination from fibroblasts. By 20-40 days most cultures formed confluent monolayers made up of cells with epithelial morphology. The cells were cytokeratin positive, vimentin negative, and contained alcian blue positive vacuoles, confirming their epithelial origin and suggesting their derivation from Barrett's oesophagus. Electron microscopy showed tonofilaments, microvilli, and desmosomes. Cells proliferated through up to eight subcultures before growth slowed and cells showed senescent changes. This study shows that epithelial cells from Barrett's oesophagus can be grown by comparatively simple tissue culture techniques. These methods can provide sufficient material for a variety of molecular biology and biochemical studies of epithelial cells from Barrett's oesophagus.

Barrett Esophagus↗

PubMed1993

Pathology of the pancreas in bone marrow transplant patients.

Review of 51 autopsy cases of patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation revealed a high prevalence of pancreatic ductal and acinar changes compared with control groups. Forty-five percent (23 of 51) of bone marrow transplant cases had squamous metaplasia of the pancreatic ducts compared with 10% of randomly selected control cases. Although squamous metaplasia was more common in bone marrow transplant patients receiving chemotherapy, it was not associated with whole body radiation, allogeneic transplantation, or specific drugs. Squamous metaplasia was more common in patients dying 30 days or more after transplantation. Dilatation of the pancreatic acini was present in 78.4% of transplant cases, 35.0% of control cases, and 50.0% of a group of 12 breast cancer patients treated with conventional doses of chemotherapy without bone marrow transplantation. This lesion was associated with uremia. Oncocytic change of the acinar epithelium was present in 52.9% of transplant cases, no control cases, and 41.7% of breast cancer cases. Squamous metaplasia of the pancreas is common in bone marrow transplant patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and may be a late manifestation of toxic injury to the ducts. A high prevalence of acinar dilatation was associated with terminal uremia. Oncocytic change of acinar epithelium was associated with chemotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Cooccurrence of collagenous colitis with seronegative spondyloarthropathy: report of a case and literature review.

Collagenous colitis is an uncommon cause of chronic watery diarrhea, characterized by colonic deposition of collagen. Nonerosive, oligoarticular, peripheral arthritis has previously been noted in about 7% of patients with collagenous colitis. We describe a patient with collagenous colitis who concurrently developed erosive, seronegative spondyloarthropathy affecting peripheral and axial joints. Synovial histology was characterized by a conspicuous inflammatory infiltrate comprised of histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Collagenous colitis is suggested to be a systemic autoimmune disorder, with extraintestinal features such as thyroiditis and arthritis.

Colitis↗

PubMed1991

Gastrointestinal cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcal infection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rarely reported, either in disseminated disease or as an isolated finding. We report a case of gastric cryptococcal infection diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy as the initial presentation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and an additional seven cases found by reviewing 23 other autopsy cases of disseminated or pulmonary cryptococcal infection. The patient with gastric cryptococcosis was a 38-year-old man who presented with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux including odynophagia. Upper GI endoscopy showed Candida esophagitis and gastric nodules. Biopsy of the nodules revealed cryptococcal infection and granulomatous inflammation of the fundic mucosa and submucosa. The patient died 3 weeks later despite anti-fungal therapy. Autopsy revealed widespread cryptococcal infection involving the cecum but not the stomach, suggesting that the gastric lesions resolved with therapy. The sites of infection in the seven other cases were esophagus (three), stomach (one), terminal ileum (one), colon (three), gallbladder (one), and in a focus of Kaposi's sarcoma in the wall of the small bowel (one). Esophageal candidiasis was also present in two of the cases of esophageal cryptococcal infection. Predisposing factors were AIDS (3), hematologic malignancy (3), and corticosteroid therapy (1). In summary, we report a case of gastric cryptococcosis and conclude that cryptococcal infection involves the GI tract more commonly than has been previously reported, with 8/24 (33%) cases positive in our autopsy series. Of clinical significance is the observation that GI cryptococcal infection may be the initial presentation of disseminated disease in the immunocompromised patient, and cryptococcal infection of the esophagus may be found in the setting of esophageal candidiasis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1990

Helicobacter pylori-like microorganisms and chronic active gastritis in ferrets.

To determine the prevalence and histology of Helicobacter pylori (HP) associated gastritis in young ferrets, we examined 36 normal 2- to 4-month old ferrets. Identification of HP-like microorganisms included Warthin Starry stains of tissue sections, rapid urease test on fresh tissue, and culture. HP-like microorganisms were found in the stomachs of 35/36 ferrets. The highest density of microorganisms was seen in the antrum, where HP-like microorganisms were present in the pits and in deep glands. HP-like microorganisms were also seen in the cardia and on the foveolar epithelium of the fundus, but not in fundic glands. Chronic active gastritis was seen in all animals with HP-like microorganisms, but involved only the antrum. The distal antrum was most severely involved. One animal had no evidence of HP-like microorganisms on tissue sections or by rapid urease test. Gastric tissue sections from this animal showed only minimal infiltration of the lamina propria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. Gastritis associated with HP-like microorganisms is common in ferrets and is acquired at a young age. It is associated with chronic active antral gastritis similar to that seen in humans, suggesting that ferrets should provide a useful experimental model for HP-associated gastritis and peptic ulcer.

Animals↗