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Biomedical subjects

M R Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to M R Cooper.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Adriamycin versus methotrexate in five-drug combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: a randomized trial.

Adriamycin is of noteworthy efficacy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Its role in combination regimens is under investigation. One hundred seventy-five women with advanced breast cancer were entered into a prospectively randomized trial comparing two five-drug regimens. Regimen CMFVP consisted of cyclophosphamide (C), methotrexate (M), 5-fluorouracil (F), vincristine (V), and prednisone (P). Regimen CAFVP was identical but substituted Adriamycin (A) for methotrexate. Twenty-seven patients were disqualified; 148 were evaluable. With CMFVP the complete response rate (CR) was 11%, and the partial response rate (PR) was 46%; with CAFVP, CR was 13% and PR was 45%. Duration of response tended to be slightly longer for patients on the Adriamycin arm. The median survival for CR and PR patients with CMFVP was 20.2 months, which was shorter (p = .07) than the 33 month median survival with CAFVP. Although statistical significance was not reached at the 5% level, the increased survival of responders on the Adriamycin regimen supports the data of other studies which suggest that first line combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer should include Adriamycin.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Calusterone.

Androgens are effective therapeutic agents in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Early studies with testosterone propionate showed objective regression rates of slightly more than 20%. Subsequent work with synthetic androgens has failed to show a significant reduction in toxicity or an increase in therapeutic efficacy over testosterone propionate. Calusterone (7 beta,17 alpha-dimethyltestosterone), in early clinical trials, showed both of these qualities and was believed by some to be the "ideal androgen." As with many new drugs, subsequent work failed to confirm these early findings, and most of the later data gathered on calusterone are inconsistent. We conclude from our knowledge at present that calusterone offers no real advantages or disadvantages over other androgens in the treatment of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Isolation of enzymatically homogeneous populations of human lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes by zonal centrifugation.

Human monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, red cells, and platelets were completely separated from each other by zonal centrifugation on linear sucrose density gradient. The monocytes contained only one tenth the amount of myeloperoxidase, one half the amount of lysozyme, one half the amount of acid ,hosphatase, and one half the amount of beta-glucuronidase found in granulocytes; the monocytes contained no alkaline phosphatase or neutral protease. The lymphocyte fraction contained only acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in amounts one half as much as in the monocytes. Fluctuations in enzyme levels of monocytes and granulocytes were noted following infection. In vitro, the isolated monocytes transformed into macrophages. The results suggest that lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes may be linked biochemically in a differentiation sequence through sets of commonly shared enzymes as well as by groups of enzymes specific for each divergent cell line.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Chemoimmunotherapy for disseminated malignant melanoma: a prospective randomized study.

Twenty-eight patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated with DTIC (250 mg/m2 iv, Days 1--5) and actinomycin D (0.5 mg/day iv, Days 1--5) at 5-week intervals. Patients were randomly allocated to receive no immunotherapy or immunotherapy consisting of methanol extracted residue of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (0.5 mg intradermally; 100 microgram in five separate sites) every 5 weeks, concomitant with chemotherapy. Of these 28 evaluable patients, 13 received chemoimmunotherapy with one complete response (CR) and 15 received chemotherapy alone with one CR. Both responses occurred in lymph node metastases. No partial responses were seen.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1977

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell carcinoma of the lung. A randomized study.

Twenty-nine patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and without evidence of brain metastasis were randomized into two treatment groups consisting of 14 patients who received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and 15 who received none (non-PCI). All patients were treated with irradiation of the primary lesion and concomitant chemotherapy. The response rate and median survival of the two groups were not significantly different: 93% and 7.2 months in the non-PCI; 86% and 9.8 months in the PCI; P larger than or equal to .05. Brain metastasis occurred in 0/14 patients in the PCI and 4/15 in the non-PCI (P less than or equal to .05) and was the cause of major neurologic disability in each. Although PCI did not improve response rate or survival, brain metastasis with its attendant neurologic complications was effectively prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.: a randomized trial comparing a three-vs a five-drug program.

A prospective randomized trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of a three-drug regimen using cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil to a five-drug regimen using vincristine sulfate and prednisone in addition to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in advanced breast carcinoma. Seventy-two patients who had received no prior chemotherapy were randomized. Thirty-eight patients received three drugs, and 34 received five-drug therapy. The objective response rates, 34% and 50% respectively, did not differ signficantly (P = .13). As expected, myelosuppression occurred in most patients, and neurotoxicity was much more common in patients receiving vincristine. Three of 12 patients treated with the five-drug regimen after progession of disease while receiving the three-drug regiment showed an objective response to the five-drug regimen.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Adriamycin-methotrexate combination chemotherapy of advanced carcinoma of the cervix.

Sixteen women with advanced carcinoma of the cervix were treated with adriamycin and methotrexate. Median age on entry into the study was 51 years. Seven subjects were premenopausal, 7 postmenopausal, and 2 were within 2 years of their last menstrual period at the time of diagnosis. Median time of inclusion in the study was 3.3 months. Median survival from initial diagnosis thus far has been 39.0 months. Median survival from the institution of therapy has been 5.8 months. Of 16 evaluable patients the following results were obtained: no complete remissions (0%), 2 partial remissions (12.5%), 1 patient with stable disease (6.2%). When used in dosages which do not precipitate dangerous toxicity this therapy is not effective and in the opinion of the authors should be abandoned.

Doxorubicin↗
PubMed1976

Methyl-CCNU, alone and in combination with vincristine, or vincristine and methotrexate, in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma.

Ninety-two patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were prospectively randomized according to performance status, histology, and extent of disease to methyl-CCNU alone; methyl-CCNU and vincristine; or methyl-CCNU, vincristine, and methotrexate. Seventy-three patients were evaluable. Randomization to methyl-CCNU alone was discontinued when only three brief "static" responses were noted in 11 patients and the survival (p less than .01) and time on study (p less than .05) were noted to be significantly less than with the combination. Two of 32 patients treated with methyl-CCNU and vincristine, and two of 30 patients treated with methyl-CCNU, vincristine, and methotrexate had mixed responses with a median of 67.5 days. A static response was seen in eight of 32 and none of 30 patients, respectively. Minimal toxicity occurred in all regimens. Methyl-CCNU alone or in combination with vincristine or vincristine and methotrexate is of limited benefit in patients with lung cancer, although our data suggest (p = 0.15) that the addition of methotrexate increases time on study and survival in patients with extensive disease.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the combination of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and vincristine with two dose schedules of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazino) imidazole 4-carboxamide (DTIC) in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma.

One hundred twenty patients with inoperable metastatic malignant melanoma were randomly allocated to treatment with either a combination of BCNU 150 mg/m2 and vincristine 2 mg/m2 given every 30 days, or one of two regimens of DTIC: 300 mg/m2/day x 6 or 100 mg/m2/8 hours x 18 given every 30 days. Eight of the 51 (16%) patients who were originally treated with the BCNU and vincristine combination had 50% or more objective tumor regression, compared to 6 out of 25 (24%) patients treated with daily injections of DTIC, and 6 out of 21 (29%) patients treated with DTIC injections every 8 hours. The median duration of response to the BCNU and vincristine combination was 60 days, and the median duration of survival from initiation of treatment was 6.5 months in the responders and 3.3 months in the nonresponders. The median duration of response was 90 and 100 days for the daily and 8-hour regimens of DTIC respectively, andthe median duration of survival from commencement of treatment was 8.5 months for the responders and 3.5 months for the nonresponders. None of the 43 patients who failed to respond to the initial treatment program or whose disease progressed after initial improvement responded to the alternate treatment regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of 5-fluorouracil with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

Thirty-eight patients with metastatic colorecal carcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 38 patients were treated with the combination of 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. In terms of percent response, response duration, and survival there was no apparent difference between the two regimens. Combination chemotherapy was found to be effective in 6 of 16 patients refractory to treatment with 5-FU alone, but was associated with more morbidity.

Colonic Neoplasms↗