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Biomedical subjects

M R Anver

Publications and source records attributed to M R Anver.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluation of sodium hyaluronate therapy in induced septic arthritis in the horse.

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (SH) with antibiotic therapy and joint lavage for reducing acute inflammatory and degenerative changes induced by septic arthritis. Septic arthritis was induced in six adult horses by inoculating the tarsocrural joints with 1 x 10(4) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus. When clinical signs appeared, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (30 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt] daily) and phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg bwt sid) were administered and continued until termination of the study (Treatment Day 18). Twenty-four hours post inoculation, all joints were lavaged with sterile lactated Ringer's solution. Following lavage, one joint of each horse was injected with 10 mg of SH, and the contralateral joint served as the control. Sodium hyaluronate treated joints showed significant reductions in lameness, tarsal circumference and synovial fluid protein and WBC concentrations. The synovial membrane of the SH-treated joints contained less cellular infiltrate, less granulation tissue formation and retained a more normal villous structure compared with controls. The total glycosaminoglycan loss from the articular cartilage in the SH treated joints was consistently less than that from the control joints; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Sodium hyaluronate with joint lavage appears to be more beneficial than lavage alone for treatment of septic arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal myxosarcoma in a thoroughbred mare.

A large fibrotic mass originating from the cecal base was discovered upon surgical exploration of the abdomen in a Thoroughbred mare with a history of chronic colic and weight loss. The mass protruded intraluminally resulting in partial obstruction. Surgical excision was not feasible due to the location of the mass and the inability to exteriorize it adequately from the abdominal cavity. The mass was fibrous with a shiny, gelatinous material present throughout the neoplasm. Histologically, large confluent spaces filled with mucopolysaccharides were identified by staining with Alcian blue. The diagnosis of myxosarcoma was based upon finding of atypical fibroblastic cells, mucinous stroma, local invasiveness, and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. Myxomatous tumors have not previously been documented to occur in the equine intestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

High incidence of neoplasms in female NZB/NZW mice treated with pulse doses of cyclophosphamide.

The immunosuppressive properties of cyclophosphamide prevent formation of anti-DNA antibodies and prolong lifespans in autoimmune NZB/NZW mice, an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. In the current study, NZB/NZW mice were treated with weekly doses of cyclophosphamide to determine if intermittent pulses of the drug were effective therapy. Life-long treatment with cyclophosphamide, 56 mg/kg/week, was started at the mean age of 6 weeks; results were compared with saline-injected control mice. Pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide suppressed anti-DNA antibody levels, prevented severe glomerulonephritis and prolonged longevity. Seventeen of 19 treated mice developed neoplasms; 7 of these immunosuppressed animals had 2 to 4 separate neoplasms. Examination of earlier studies in this laboratory in which NZB/NZW mice were treated each day with cyclophosphamide showed that daily and weekly therapeutic regimens had similar immunosuppressive and oncogenic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from naturally infected African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).

An inclusion-forming agent was isolated from the livers of commercially raised African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) involved in an epizootic of high morbidity and mortality. Original isolation was made in McCoy cells. This agent was identified as Chlamydia psittaci based on the formation of typical intracytoplasmic inclusions which developed within 48 h, were not stained by iodine, and were resistant to sulfadiazine. The isolate from one particular frog (designated as strain 178) was further studied and found to be lethal for 7-day-old embryonated chicken eggs after intra-yolk sac inoculation. This strain was demonstrated not to be pathogenic for mice when inoculated intraperitoneally. The cell culture isolate of C. psittaci was transmitted to uninfected X. laevis, causing disease and death.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Age-associated lesions in barrier-reared male Sprague-Dawley rats: a comparison between Hap: (SD) and Crl:COBS[R]CD[R](SD) stocks.

Age-associated lesions were characterized in two outbred stocks of barrier-reared male Sprague-Dawley rats. Seventy-two virgin Hap:(SD) between 6-29 months of age and 113 retired breeder Crl:COBS[R]CD[R]CDR(SD) between 12-38 months of age were evaluated for the presence of lesions in all major organ systems. Rats of both stocks developed a spectrum of neoplastic, inflammatory and degenerative diseases with highest prevalence in the oldest age groups. In general, the shorter-lived Hap:(SD) rats had greater incidences and severity of lesions when compared to Crl:COBS[R]CD[R]SD of similar ages. Many of these differences were not apparent when the two stocks were compared over their respective life spans. The study provides baseline pathology data relevant to the use of these rats in gerontologic research.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Acute gastric dilatation in nonhuman primates: review and case studies.

Acute gastric dilatation occurs sporadically in laboratory-housed nonhuman primates. Clinical histories often include chronic drug administration, food restriction, accidental overfeeding, and prior anesthesia. Monkeys may be found dead or may have clinical signs of colic, abdominal distention, and dyspnea. Death in untreated cases is due to impaired venous return and cardiopulmonary failure. Gastric distention with fermented gaseous ingesta and congestion of the abdominal viscera are the predominant lesions. The cause of acute gastric dilatation is unknown, but it probably is multifactorial. Two principal factors seem to be intragastric fermentation associated with Clostridium perfringens, and abnormal gastric function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Acute gastric dilatation in nonhuman primates: review and case studies.

Acute gastric dilatation occurs sporadically in laboratory-housed nonhuman primates. Clinical histories often include chronic drug administration, food restriction, accidental overfeeding, and prior anesthesia. Monkeys may be found dead or may have clinical signs of colic, abdominal distention, and dyspnea. Death in untreated cases is due to impaired venous return and cardiopulmonary failure. Gastric distention with fermented gaseous ingesta and congestion of the abdominal viscera are the predominant lesions. The cause of acute gastric dilatation is unknown, but it probably is multifactorial. Two principal factors seem to be intragastric fermentation associated with Clostridium perfringens, and abnormal gastric function.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic exercise.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Spontaneous and experimental infections of Xenopus laevis with Chlamydia psittaci.

Chlamydial infection was suspected when widespread pyogranulomatous inflammation and large basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were evident histopathologically in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) dying of a spontaneous disease of high morbidity and mortality. Organism morphology was determined by electron microscopy of infected hepatic sinusoidal lining cells, and it was characteristic of the unique developmental cycle of a chlamydial agent. Isolation and speciation of the organism was achieved in a McCoy cell culture system. The infected cells were inoculated into disease-free frogs reproducing the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Accelerated appearance of neoplasms in female NZB/NZW mice treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide.

Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide increases the prevalence of neoplasms in NZB/NZW mice, an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. The current study was designed to compare the oncogenic properties of high dose cyclophosphamide with a low dose therapeutic regimen. Female NZB/NZW mice received life-long therapy with "high dose" cyclophosphamide, 16 mg/kg/day, or "low-dose" cyclophosphamide, 5.7 mg/kg/day; control mice received saline. High dose therapy clearly accelerated appearance of neoplasms. Seventeen of 19 mice treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide developed neoplasms at the mean age of 61 weeks. Fifty-seven percent of these tumors were mammary carcinomas. Neoplasms appeared in all mice treated with low dose; mean longevity in this treatment group was 80 weeks (compared to high dose treated mice, P less than 0.001). Carcinomas, pulmonary adenomas, and lymphomas were the most common tumors in mice receiving low dose therapy. Positive tests for ANA were suppressed in high dose treated mice. AntiDNA antibody levels and glomerulonephritis were decreased significantly in both groups of cyclophosphamide-treated mice compared to controls. It was concluded that the high daily dose of immunosuppressive drug was related to early oncogenesis in autoimmune NZB/NZW mice.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Chylothorax in rhesus monkeys with intravenous catheters.

Chylothorax associated with the use of indwelling intravenous catheters was diagnosed in 13 Macaca mulatta. Clinical signs were marked respiratory embarrassment or sudden death. Lesions at necropsy included large quantities of sterile pleural fluid, pulmonary atelectasis and chronic fibrinous pleuritis. Lipid was present in the effusion and in tissue sections of visceral pleura.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prolonged lifespan and high incidence of neoplasms in NZB/NZW mice treated with hydrocortisone sodium succinate.

This study investigated the effects of prolonged corticosteroid therapy on the course of spontaneous autoimmune disease and oncogenesis in NZB/NZW mice, an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty young female NZB/NZW mice were treated until death with low-dose hydrocortisone sodium succinate (3.3 mg/kg/day), and 21 mice received high-dose hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day). Fifteen control mice were injected with saline. Long-term therapy with either dose of hydrocortisone effectively prevented renal disease and prolonged lifespans in NZB/NZW mice. Fifty-six percent of low-dose treated animals developed neoplasms, and 38% of mice in this treatment group died with renal disease. Neoplasms caused death in 76% of mice receiving high-dose treatment. Long-term hydrocortisone therapy was associated with a predominance of sarcomas, which appeared in aged mice after a long period of treatment. In earlier studies conducted in this laboratory, cyclophosphamide treatment prolonged life in NZB/NZW mice. Ninety-seven percent of cyclophosphamide-treated mice developed neoplasms; most tumors were lymphomas or carcinomas. It was concluded that neoplasms occur commonly in old NZB/NZW mice with lives prolonged by immunosuppressive or antiinflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, the specific therapeutic agent used in each study influenced the types of neoplasms appearing in treated mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Age-associated pathological changes in male rats.

The selection of rats for aging research and the interpretation of experimental results require knowledge of spontaneous age-associated lesions in specific stocks and strains. We have compared selected age-associated pathological changes, as determined by postmortem examination of 113 outbred Crl:CD(SD)BR male retired breeder rats 12--39 months old, with those reported by others in a group of 122 virgin male 12- to 33-month-old F344 rats, an inbred strain from the same commercial source as the outbred rats. Numerous degenerative, inflammatory, and neoplastic lesions occurred in both groups. The wide prevalence and severity of many of the lesions suggest that they could be the source of significant variability in the results of specific aging studies, by their direct and indirect effect(s) on target organs. The prevalence of spontaneous lesions should be defined for each stock or strain intended for use in aging research by postmortem examination of representative groups of animals at various ages. Antemortem diagnostic screening of old rats may also be useful in culling animals bearing lesions that could add to the variability of experimental results, or in selecting for specific lesions that are of research interest themselves.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Stimulated autoantibody response and increased longevity in NZB/NZW mice treated with cyclophosphamide and tilorone.

The experiment described in this report was designed to study the effects of immunostimulatory therapy in cyclophosphamide-treated hybrid New Zealand mice. Autoantibodies, renal histology and neoplasms were studied in seventeen female NZB/NZW mice treated with daily injections of the potent immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide. Results were compared with fifteen female NZB/NZW mice who received both cyclophosphamide and tilorone, an interferon inducer which stimulates the immune system. Fifteen control mice received saline. The controls died with spontaneous arteritis and immune complex glomerulonephritis; their mean age at death was 46 weeks. In the cyclophosphamide group anti-DNA antibodies and renal disease were suppressed. Mean longevity was prolonged significantly to 80 weeks. Two mice died of iatrogenic causes, and the remaining fifteen mice died with neoplasms. Eleven mice had multiple neoplasms; a total of twenty-seven neoplasms appeared. In mice receiving combination therapy, autoantibody responses were not suppressed. Nevertheless, glomerulonephritis was controlled partially and the mean lifespan was prolonged to 82 weeks. Eighteen neoplasms appeared in ten mice in the combination treatment group, and five mice had more than one neoplasm. The appearance of lymphomas was delayed in mice receiving two drugs. It was concluded that concurrent therapy with tilorone stimulated autoantibody production and altered the expected pattern of neoplasia in cyclophosphamide-treated NZB/NZW mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Spontaneous malignant histiocytoma with metastasis in a rhesus monkey [Macaca mulatta].

A malignant histiocytoma was observed on the left arm of a recently imported rhesus monkey. Rapid invasion of deep tissues and tumor growth on the face prompted euthanasia. Necropsy revealed additional neoplastic foci in the lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pericardium and liver. Microscopically the predominant cell type was histiocytic; some cells had a distinct epithelioid appearance and other were spindle-shaped.

Animals↗