Biomedical subjects

M Q Wang

Publications and source records attributed to M Q Wang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Physiological sensations of initial smoking in the development of regular smoking behavior.

This study examined the relationships between adolescents' physiological sensations of smoking during initiation and early experience. For a national sample of a birth cohort of 2,043 adolescents, ages 15 to 22 years at the follow-up, variables of interest included measures of smoking behavior and physiological sensations reported from the initial smoking experience. Analysis showed that adolescents experimenting with smoking were more likely to become regular smokers over three years if they indicated that they felt relaxed, felt dizzy, did not feel sick, and did not cough during the initial smoking experience. Antismoking interventions may impede the transition to regular smoking by helping adolescents interpret the physiological sensations as negative and unhealthy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Developmental influences of attitudes and beliefs on adolescents' smoking.

This study examined developmental influences of beliefs and attitudes on adolescents' smoking. A national sample (N = 6,900) of adolescents ages 14 to 18 was selected. Data included measures of smoking behavior, beliefs, and attitudes. Although odds ratios show that attitudes and beliefs are predictive of adolescents' smoking status across the ages of 14 to 18 years, no systematic change of the prediction is evident, which contrasts with the psychological developmental model.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Preventing relapse in weight control: a discussion of cognitive and behavioral strategies.

Weight maintenance is the most difficult part of weight control. People who diet and regain weight often experience negative physiological effects and lowered self-esteem each time they regain weight. This suggests the need for successful weight maintenance programs. Health-care professionals can develop and implement maintenance programs using cognitive and behavior-change strategies which include ways to cope with relapse. This paper describes the physiological and emotional problems associated with weight maintenance and explores the use of cognitive and behavioral concepts in addressing these issues.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1994

Characterizing nutrient intakes of adolescents by sociodemographic factors.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a description of the current dietary intake of a large sample of U.S. adolescents and to identify sociodemographic risk factors for nutrient intakes that did not meet recommended levels. METHODS: The 1987-88 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey was used to assess the nutrient intake of 933 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the effect of the following on the nutrient intakes of males and females: household income and size, race, geographic region, degree of urbanization, and head of household status. Subject age was entered as a control variable. RESULTS: Vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were the nutrients most often consumed below recommended levels. In addition the females consumed low levels of phosphorus and iron. Percent calories from total fat and saturated fat and mean sodium intakes were above recommended levels for the majority of the sample. Females were more likely to meet cholesterol recommendations than males. Race and region affected the most nutrient intake variables. For the females, living in the south was a significant predictor for low intakes of several essential vitamins and minerals. CONCLUSIONS: On average, the adolescents consumed diets that were low in several essential vitamins and minerals and high in some nutrients related to increased incidence of chronic disease. There were groups of teens who had dietary patterns that placed them at especially high risk, in particular the black and Southern females.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Tobacco use among American adolescents: geographic and demographic variations.

A previous national study indicated that the South dominated other regions of the United States in tobacco use. Using the results of the Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, we examined the geographic and demographic differences of tobacco use among US adolescents. The sample consisted of teenagers in grades 7 through 12 nationwide (N = 6,599). Data were collected through telephone interviewing. The variables included demographics and measures of smoking or use of smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco/snuff). Results indicated that the overall prevalence rate for smokeless tobacco use was 4.44%, but in the South it was 6.38%. The overall smoking prevalence rate was 13.31%, with no substantial difference among regions. Demographic variables such as sex, ethnicity, education, and poverty levels were also related to tobacco use prevalence. These geographic and demographic variations in tobacco use help target specific regions and populations in greatest need of intervention programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Southern adolescents: a survey of attitudes and beliefs about smoking.

Using data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics, we examined the relationships between smoking-related beliefs and attitudes and smoking status for a sample of adolescents (N = 3,198) from southern states. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the best predictors of smoking prevalence. Results indicated that 8 of 13 variables in the logistic model significantly differentiated between smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers were more likely to believe that it is safe to smoke for only a year or 2 and that smoking helps reduce stress and boredom while promoting relaxation. Smokers also reported a higher tolerance than nonsmokers for being around other smokers, and reported their parents would not mind their smoking. The logistic model attained a predictive accuracy of 93.2%. The implication of these findings is that if smoking interventions targeted at adolescents address smoking-related beliefs and attitudes, there is an enhanced likelihood that such interventions will positively influence the smoking behavior of southern adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Desire for weight gain and potential risks of adolescent males using anabolic steroids.

This study examined the perceptions of adolescent males regarding their physical strength, health status, and desire to gain weight and their perceptions of anabolic steroid use. Subjects were 12th-grade boys (N = 3403), drawn from a pool of 150 high schools nationwide, who completed a health questionnaire. Analysis indicated 47.0% (n = 1475) who wanted to gain weight, perceived themselves as of less than average strength and having good health, and were sports participants. Also, among those who desired weight gain, about 24% (n = 345) were not sure about the most dangerous health risks associated with anabolic steroid use, and 16% (n = 221) did not want to see the use of anabolic steroids in sports stopped. The findings indicate that adolescent boys, who desired weight gain and currently abstained from anabolic steroid use, might be at risk for becoming users.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Predicting smoking status by symptoms of depression for U.S. adolescents.

This study examined the predictive relationships between adolescents' smoking and symptoms of depression. A national sample of 6,900 adolescents, ages 14 to 18 years, were selected for analysis. Variables of interest included measures for smoking status and symptoms of depression. Odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio from logistic regression analyses indicated that more of the 885 smokers than of the 6,015 nonsmokers reported feelings of unhappiness, sadness, or depression, hopelessness about the future, and having trouble going to sleep.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Immunohistochemical study on estrogen receptors in conventionally formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of endometrial carcinoma].

Using specific monoclonal antibody to human estrogen receptors (ER), monoclonal antibody H222, with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, immunohistochemical localization of ER was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 42 endometrial carcinomas. The paraffin sections were preceded by trypsin treatment to expose antigenic sites. Immunohistochemical evaluation incorporated both the intensity and distribution of staining into a semiquantitative analysis. Specific staining for ER was observed only in the nuclei of epithelial, stromal and malignant cells. No specific cytoplasmic staining was observed in all paraffin sections. ER-positive staining [histologic score (H-score) > or = 75] was found in 23 (54.8%) of 42 samples and the ER H-Score of cancer components was significantly associated with the histological grade of endometrial carcinomas (P < 0.05). The ER-positive patients tended to have a better prognosis than ER-negative ones. Thus, it may be concluded that the treated formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues are still suitable for detecting ER by the immunohistochemical method, and the ER content of endometrial carcinomas is useful in indicating the differentiation of cancer and in predicting the patient's prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts. Preliminary results in 18 patients.

In 18 consecutive patients receiving the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts (TIPSS), 15 were male and 3 female. The patients aged from 34 to 66 years had liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Twelve had recurrent bleedings from raptured gastroesophageal varices. Shunts were established in 16 of the 18 patients and no operative death was noted. Portal vein pressure was reduced from 3.98 +/- 0.24 kPa before shunting to 2.40 +/- 0.16 kPa after shunting. Doppler ultrasound examination revealed that the maximum blood flow velocity in the main portal vein increased from 14.0 +/- 4.5 cm/sec to 48.0 +/- 16.5 cm/sec. The mean follow-up time in the successful cases was 4.5 months (range 2-8 months). The shunt patency was determined with color Doppler ultrasound in 15 patients: occlusion in one and no accites in 4. Varices disappeared in 8 patients and became less evident in 7. No patients had recurrence of varices bleeding or encephalopathy during follow-up. The results suggest that TIPSS is a safe and effective method for portal decompression in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage, and that portal vein puncture is largely dependent on understanding the three-dimensional relationships between hepatic and portal veins. To achieve an adequate portal decompression, we recommend that a stent of 12 mm in diameter be used in severe cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts].

We studied the clinical and procedural results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts (TIPSS) procedures in 16 patients, of whom 13 were male, 3 female, with mean age of 48 years (range 24-66). All patients had cirrhosis with portal hypertension and varices. Twelve patients had recurrent bleeding for gastroesophageal varices. The results showed that shunts were successful in 14 of the 16 patients, and that no death was due to the procedure. Portal vein pressure was reduced from 3.98 +/- 0.24 kPa before shunting to 2.40 +/- 0.16 kPa after shunting. Doppler ultrasound revealed that the maximum blood flow velocity in the main portal vein increased from 14.0 +/- 4.5 cm/s to 48.0 +/- 16.5 cm/s. The mean follow-up time in the successful cases was 4.5 months (range, 2-7.5). The shunt patency was determined with color Doppler ultrasound in 13 patients, and occlusion of the tract was found in one. Mild ascites resolved in 4 patients; varices disappeared in 7 patients and abated in 6. No bleeding or encephalopathy was noted during the follow-up. The results suggested that TIPSS is an safe and effective method for portal decompression in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage, and that the key to TIPSS is understanding of the 3-dimensional relationships between hepatic and portal veins. To achieve an adequate shunt, we recommend that stent with 12 mm in diameter should be used.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[The study on the relationship between the malocclusion of the third molar and craniomandibular dysfunction].

A total of 33 craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) patients with third molar malocclusion were studied for their occlusion, condyle position, the TMJ arthrograph and EMG of upper and lower lateral pterygoid muscle (Lpt). The results showed that the condyle displacement was related to the malocclusion of third molar, of which it may induce TMJ click as the result of loss of disccondyle harmonious relationship. Most of the patients showed the abnormal EMG of Lpt. Among which some click TMJ showed no obvious condyle displacement while on the others felt severe pain without TMJ click. It can be considered that both the malocclusion of third molar and dysfunction of Lpt may be the cause of TMJ click.

Craniomandibular Disorders↗

PubMed1994

Incongruence of existing practice management curricula content and actual medical practice need.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Practice management is an important, but often overlooked, element of medical training, especially for physicians in primary care. The objective of this study was to evaluate our program's practice management curriculum to determine if it meets the needs of its graduates. METHODS: A questionnaire, developed and sent to 1986-1991 graduates of the residency program (n = 76), determined their perceptions of how well the practice management curriculum prepared them to operate a practice. Fifty (65.8%) usable surveys were returned. RESULTS: The respondents perceived deficits in areas of preparing for office management, starting and building a practice, using professional services (especially in the areas of financial decisions and use of professionals), and reimbursement procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians need an understanding of business fundamentals such as economics, organization management, contract evaluation, negotiation and mediation skills, methods of allocation of limited resources, information science, and consumerism. This article offers a process through which other family practice residency programs can begin evaluating and restructuring their practice management curricula to meet these needs.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1993

The effects of high and low BACs on the Hoffmann reflex.

The purpose of this study was to measure and assess the magnitude and latency of the H-reflex and M-response between pre- and post-alcohol consumption. Also of interest was the comparison of the H-reflex and M-response between the rising and falling curves of BAC. Seven male volunteer subjects participated in this study. Testing started with pre-alcohol BAC and EMG recordings from the tibial nerve following an electrical stimulation. After alcohol consumption, BAC readings were obtained every five minutes, and the EMGs were recorded at the following BAC levels (in mg/dl): 75, 100, and falling 75. H-latency, H-amplitude, and M-response were identified within the EMG signals. The analysis focused on the comparisons of these measures between each of the BAC levels and the baseline, as well as between the rising and falling BACs. Results showed that, overall, the H-reflex and M-response were depressed following alcohol consumption. In addition, the depression of H-reflex appeared to be greater during the rising curve than the falling curve.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Prevention of bicycle-related injuries in childhood: role of the caregiver.

To assess perceptions of bicycle-related head injuries, helmet use, and safety practices, we had questionnaires distributed to caregivers of 2,500 children in the third through sixth grades; 1,006 (40.2%) completed surveys were returned. Eight hundred thirty-two caregivers (82.7%) indicated that they had a child cyclist in their household; approximately 65% responded that they believed head injury was likely if their child was involved in a bicycle mishap. A majority (approximately 70%) also said that a bicycle helmet may prevent head injury in between 25% and 75% of all occurrences. Yet 758 (91.1%) students did not own or have access to a bicycle helmet. Among the caregivers whose child did not have a bicycle helmet, 530 (69.9%) stated that they had never thought about purchasing one. Caregivers of both helmeted and nonhelmeted youngsters indicated concern for bicycle safety (100% versus 94%, respectively). Most caregivers (approximately 64%) stated that they would encourage their child to attend a bicycle safety camp. These findings suggest that caregivers perceive the dangers associated with bicycling but are not cognizant of available programs and methods that prevent the risk of serious injury to bicyclists.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMed1993

Changes in body size of elite high school football players: 1963-1989.

An examination of the heights and weights of members of the Parade Magazine's High School All-American Football Teams from 1963-1971 indicates no significant changes in the Body Mass Index of these elite athletes whereas an increased pattern in Body Mass Index was noted within this group from 1972-1989. The large increases in Body Mass Index after 1971 among the All-American high school football players raise interesting research questions; in particular, what portion of these gains can be attributed to improved nutrition and training techniques and what portion is the result of use of performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids?

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Proprioceptive responses under rising and falling BACs: a test of the Mellanby effect.

This study examined proprioceptive responses under equivalent rising and falling blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), using a repeated-measures design. Seven volunteer subjects, 21 to 35 years of age, participated in the study. After alcohol consumption, BAC readings were obtained every 5 minutes, and the proprioceptive responses were measured at the following BAC levels (in %): 0 (baseline), rising 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, falling 0.075, and 0.05. The analysis focused on the comparisons of these measures at the equivalent rising and falling 0.05% and at the 0.075% BACs. Results showed that the proprioceptive response was less accurate during the rising than the falling BACs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptors (ER) in endometrial carcinoma].

Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors (ER) using specific monoclonal antibody to human ER, H222, with ABC methods were performed on frozen sections of 22 endometrial carcinoma specimens. Specific nuclear staining of ER was observed in most epithelial, stromal and malignant cells while specific cytoplasmic staining was not observed. ER positive staining (H-Score > 75) was found in 16 of 22 cases (72.7%), and the H-Score of cancer components was significantly associated with the histological grade of endometrial carcinoma (P < 0.05). The data suggest that ER content of endometrial carcinoma reflects the degree of cancer cell differentiation and may be taken as a guideline for hormone therapy.

Adult↗