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Biomedical subjects

M Pool

Publications and source records attributed to M Pool.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The ribosome regulates the GTPase of the beta-subunit of the signal recognition particle receptor.

Protein targeting to the membrane of the ER is regulated by three GTPases, the 54-kD subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP) and the alpha- and beta-subunit of the SRP receptor (SR). Here, we report on the GTPase cycle of the beta-subunits of the SR (SRbeta). We found that SRbeta binds GTP with high affinity and interacts with ribosomes in the GTP-bound state. Subsequently, the ribosome increases the GTPase activity of SRbeta and thus functions as a GTPase activating protein for SRbeta. Furthermore, the interaction between SRbeta and the ribosome leads to a reduction in the affinity of SRbeta for guanine nucleotides. We propose that SRbeta regulates the interaction of SR with the ribosome and thereby allows SRalpha to scan membrane-bound ribosomes for the presence of SRP. Interaction between SRP and SRalpha then leads to release of the signal sequence from SRP and insertion into the translocon. GTP hydrolysis then results in dissociation of SR from the ribosome, and SRP from the SR.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Arabidopsis 22-kilodalton peroxisomal membrane protein. Nucleotide sequence analysis and biochemical characterization.

We sequenced and characterized PMP22 (22-kD peroxisomal membrane protein) from Arabidopsis, which shares 28% to 30% amino acid identity and 55% to 57% similarity to two related mammalian peroxisomal membrane proteins, PMP22 and Mpv17. Subcellular fractionation studies confirmed that the Arabidopsis PMP22 is a genuine peroxisomal membrane protein. Biochemical analyses established that the Arabidopsis PMP22 is an integral membrane protein that is completely embedded in the lipid bilayer. In vitro import assays demonstrated that the protein is inserted into the membrane posttranslationally in the absence of ATP, but that ATP stimulates the assembly into the native state. Arabidopsis PMP22 is expressed in all organs of the mature plant and in tissue-cultured cells. Expression of PMP22 is not associated with a specific peroxisome type, as it is detected in seeds and throughout postgerminative growth as cotyledon peroxisomes undergo conversion from glyoxysomes to leaf-type peroxisomes. Although PMP22 shows increased accumulation during the growth of young seedlings, its expression is not stimulated by light.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Study on effect of methods of preoperative education in women.

The authors' repeated measures experimental study at a 359-bed community medical center located in California compared the effect of preadmission structured education with postadmission unstructured education on the outcomes of patient satisfaction, postoperative recovery, and return to functional status. Power analysis for a large effect size was used to determine the sample size of 50 adult females scheduled for open abdominal surgery. The authors used valid and reliable tools to measure the dependent variables and their findings suggest that same-day admission surgical patients who receive preadmission structured education have improved clinical outcomes, are more satisfied, are more likely to meet the targeted discharge date, and return to prior functional status sooner.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Pyrogen reactions to human serum albumin during plasma exchange.

Reactions to human serum albumin (HSA) in therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are rare. Nevertheless, older literature describes possible adverse effects, including specific immune responses to albumin or other proteins, and reactions due to contaminating organisms or pyrogen. During an eight day period three patients in our unit had unusual reactions after infusion of 1.5-2 L of HSA. Patient 1 had trembling that persisted for 20 min. Patient 2 had shaking for 40 min despite calcium gluconate infusion, and fever to 100.8 degrees F. Patient 3 had severe rigors that subsided after 90 min when meperidine was finally given, and fever to 103.5 degrees F. Record reviews revealed that all three patients had received HSA from the same lot, and that only one other TPE patient had received HSA from that lot. Neither our pharmacy nor the manufacturer was aware of other reactions associated with that lot. Material from a bottle only partially infused to patient 3 was negative in culture and was negative for pyrogen when retested by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, because patients 1 and 2 had each had multiple previous uneventful TPEs and because all three patients tolerated subsequent TPEs without incident when another brand of HSA was used, we conclude that these patients had pyrogen reactions to the implicated HSA lot. This experience illustrates the value of cluster recognition in arousing suspicion of unusual reactions to HSA and the value of recorded lot numbers in pursuing such suspicions. Apheresis personnel should be aware of the potential for pyrogen reactions with HSA and should record lot numbers of all fluids infused during TPE.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

PCR production of a digoxigenin-labeled probe for the detection of human cytomegalovirus in tissue sections.

In situ hybridization (ISH) provides a means for identifying viral genomes in the context of tissue pathology. We have developed a specific and sensitive ISH probe for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Digoxigenin-11-dUTP was incorporated into a 435-base pair fragment of the CMV Major Immediate Early (MIE) gene with use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hybridized probe was detected by reaction with antidigoxigenin antibody coupled to alkaline phosphatase and chromogenic substrates. This method has detected CMV infection in routine clinical specimens from a variety of tissue types, including colon, kidney, liver, and stomach. Infection in cells with and without characteristic inclusions is revealed with this probe. The background is so low that single infected cells are detected unambiguously. No cross-hybridization was observed with cells infected with other viruses of Herpesviridae. This approach may be useful for producing probes for the detection of other viral genomes in tissue sections.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Attachment among adult children of alcoholics.

Disturbed or impoverished relationships have been identified as a predominant feature of adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs). Recently, the concept of co-dependency has been advanced to depict the interpersonal difficulties of these individuals, but lacks definitional rigor. The notion that childhood experiences with parents are 'carried forward' to affect attitudes and behaviors relevant to later intimate relationships is also consistent with attachment theory. This study examined the patterns of attachment of ACOAs as compared to adult children of non alcoholics (ACONAs). A cross-sectional sample of 203 individuals attending either a short term hospital based outpatient psychiatric program or a community based alcoholism treatment program was included in this study. Results supported the hypothesis that female ACOAs had a distinctive dysfunctional attachment profile. There were no significant differences in the attachment styles of male ACOAs as compared to ACONAs, or male substance abusers as compared to non-abusers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nonword naming: further exploration of the pseudohomophone effect in terms of orthographic neighborhood size, graphemic changes, spelling-sound consistency, and reader accuracy.

Five experiments examined nonword pronunciation. As reported by McCann and Besner (1987), accurate, regular pronunciations increased as the number of orthographic neighbors (N) increased. Adults read pseudohomophones (nonwords that sound like a word) more accurately than other nonwords only when the nonwords were low n, shared the consonants with the words on which they were based, and overall accuracy was lower. Children showed a pseudohomophone advantage even when N was high. Adults pronounced nonwords comprised of inconsistent endings (with existing regular and irregular pronunciations) in an irregular fashion when this resulted in a word; this applied to relatively high-N items.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Retrospective analysis of drug treatment in epileptic patients.

An epidemiological analysis was performed of the adult, out-patient epilepsy clinic population of a university hospital during the period from 1 January 1981 through 30 June 1985. The number of patients that could be traced amounted to 590. An at random sample of 207 were retrospectively analysed. Gender distribution was male:female = 1.46. The mean age was 37.4 years. The diagnoses were classified according to the classification of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). A preponderance of partial seizures was present, reflecting the selection in a university out-patient clinic of more difficult to treat forms of epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs used in the treatment varied; monotherapy was obtained in 46% of the cases and carbamazepine was the most frequently prescribed drug (49%). Changes in seizure severity and factors associated with epilepsy are described. A discrepancy was found between the suspected drug levels, based upon the physician's judgement, and the plasma level measured in those patients in whom drug levels were monitored; factors interfering with clinical judgement are discussed.

Adolescent↗