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Biomedical subjects

M Philbert

Publications and source records attributed to M Philbert.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

1-Methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced toxicity in PC12 cells is enhanced by preventing glycolysis.

The effects of 1-methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'Et-MPTP), 1-methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)pyridinium (2'Et-MPP+), and the classic complex 1 inhibitor, rotenone, on toxicity as well as on rates of glucose use and lactate production were studied using the pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line. PC12 cells are neoplastic in nature and have a high rate of glycolysis accompanied by a large production of lactate and a low use of glucose carbon through the Krebs cycle. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and analogues such as 2'Et-MPP+ are actively accumulated by mitochondrial preparations in vitro and block NADH dehydrogenase of complex 1. This blockade results in biochemical sequelae that are ultimately cytotoxic. In this study, untreated PC12 cells used glucose and concomitantly accumulated lactate in a time-dependent manner at all concentrations of glucose studied. Treatment with 50 microM 2'Et-MPP+ or 50 nM rotenone increased both rates significantly, indicating a shift toward increased glycolysis. Cell death caused by the neurotoxins was also time and concentration dependent and markedly enhanced by glucose depletion in the medium. The increase in 2'Et-MPTP-induced toxicity in low glucose-supplemented cells was not due to an increase in pyridinium formation from the tetrahydropyridine, but rather to the lack of glucose for glycolysis. Moreover, inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose or iodoacetic acid also enhanced the lethality of the neurotoxins to the cells. The data in this study provide additional support to the hypothesis that 2'Et-MPP+ or related analogues act to kill cells by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1975

[Does rheumatic pleuresy exist?].

The authors report the case of a 20 year-old young man with old rheumatic heart disease in whom suddenly occurred sero-fibrinous pleurisy with fever. The usual cause of pleurisy, e.g. tuberculosis, were eliminated. On the other hadn, there was considerable evidence, including lengthening of the P-R interval, and raised anti-streptolysin titer at 1920 units, which suggested recurrence of rheumatic fever. The relationship between this disease and sero-fibrinous pleurisy is then discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

[2 cases of hepatorenal polycystosis].

The authors report two cases of polycystic liver andkidney in two women. They were unusual in that the liver first gave risr to symptoms and the renal lesions were completely latent. Both hepatic and renal lesions were well tolerated in spite of hepatomegally. They emphasize the interest of laparoscopy and biopsy of the liver under direct vision, and selective aortography, in the diagnosis. They discuss the basic differences between polycystic liver and kidney in adults, from that in children ornewborn, and caroli's disease. Finally, they emphasize the usually poor prognosis dominated by progressive renal failure which should guide treatment. The latter depends on periodic supervision of the patient for the disease usually evolves slowly. Treatment should therefore be conservative. Tn some cases, however, renal transplantaton should be considered before irreversible renal failure in young subjects, at an age when it is still possible. On the other hand, the liver lesions do not require any radical treatment, unless there is intercurrent infection or pressure on neighbouringorgans.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Acute non-tuberculous military lung].

The authors report the case of a young woman with acute miliary appearance of the lung with asphyxia, from which she rapidly recovered. No cause was demonstrated; this illustrates the difficulty in diagnosis of this disease. Contact with a bird, led the authors to consider exogenous, allergic granulomatosis, but immunological examinations did not confirm this. Apart from tuberculosis, almost 50 different pathogenic organisms may cause acute respiratory failure associated with a miliary or reticulo-nodular appearance of the lung. The main methods of diagnosis are discussed in relation to the most commonly observed causes in France.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["Non-secreting" plasma cell myeloma preceded by refractory sideroblastic anemia (author's transl)].

The authors report the association of a refractory sideroblastic anemia and a "non-excreting" plasma cell myeloma. The anemia was observed 8 years before the onset of the myeloma, which had typical hematological characteristics. Both kappa and gamma light chains were found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the plasma cells. Pathologic characteristics of this type of myeloma are briefly recalled, as well as the relationships between sideroblastic anemia and kahler's disease, an example of disorders of two lines of hematopoiesis (erythrocytes and leucocytes).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trichinosis].

The clinician is able to make the diagnosis of this rare disease only if he bears in mind that any patient with peri-orbital oedema of sudden onset may be suffering from trichinosis, even if the history is not convincing and even if the anademic context does not, or not yet, exist. The gravity of this parasitic infestation in the absence of treatment, and the remarkable effectiveness of the latter, underline the interest of this disease which may occur at any time, as shown by the minor anademic of three cases which we have reported.

Adolescent↗