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Biomedical subjects

M Pfeifer

Publications and source records attributed to M Pfeifer.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Risk of early-onset proliferative retinopathy in IDDM is closely related to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.

Determinants of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) that occur during the 2nd decade of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (early-onset PDR) were investigated in a nested case-control study. From an inception cohort of patients with juvenile-onset IDDM that now has 15-21 yr diabetes duration, the patients with PDR (cases, n = 74) were selected for study along with a random sample of the patients in the cohort without PDR (control subjects, n = 88). The risk of PDR was associated with poor glycemic control during the first 12 yr of diabetes. Relative to patients in the first quartile of the index of hyperglycemia, those in higher quartiles and nonattenders had a four- to fivefold risk of developing PDR. A striking relationship with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was found. Relative to patients without CAN, patients with significant and mild CAN had odds ratios of 77.5 and 34.6, respectively. Patients with albumin excretion rates greater than 30 micrograms/min had moderately increased risk of PDR (ranging from 4-fold for microalbuminuria to 7-fold for proteinuria). In contrast, patients with impaired renal function had an extremely high risk of PDR. All 20 of these patients were cases, therefore the odds ratio was infinite. All three factors (poor glycemic control, CAN, and various stages of nephropathy) were associated with PDR in multiple logistic regression analysis. However, in models including glycemic control, the association between microalbuminuria or proteinuria and PDR was weakened. In conclusion, our findings are consistent with a hypothesis that the level of glycemia is a primary determinant of early-onset PDR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cholesterol crystal embolization, a rare cause of postoperative ischemic colitis].

An ischemic colitis of the descending Colon and Sigma in 3 patients following aorto-iliacal reconstruction was caused by embolism of cholesterol crystals. In all cases the stump pressure of the inferior mesenteric artery measured more than 40 Torr as an empiric value. Therefore a good collateral blood flow could be expected. Nevertheless a malperfusion of the left Colon occurred. These cases of postoperative ischemic colitis were caused by multiple cholesterol crystal emboli in the arterioles of the colon descendens and Sigma. The mobilisation and embolism of arteriosclerotic material during aorto-iliac reconstruction must be responsible for the unfortunate event. Awareness of a bowel ischemia following abdominal aortic surgery and immediate endoscopic control should lead to an early diagnosis and a higher survival rate. A decision to redo operation with left hemicolectomy is required at an early stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Proteolytic activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pneumonia and chronic bronchitis].

In 63 patients with chronic bronchitis, 61 patients with acute bacterial pneumonia, and in 11 control subjects, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was investigated for its protease content. In smokers, we found the usual pronounced protease burden. As was expected, the two pathological groups also differed markedly on other points. In pneumonia, not only free elastase activity (from granulocytes (PMN] was markedly elevated, but also cathepsin-B-like activity (from alveolar macrophages (AM] was greatly increased, which would point up the important role of AM in this form of inflammatory. In this case of chronic bronchitis, function-analytically determinable obstruction parameters were associated with an increase in the elastase-like enzyme (from PMN), so that chronic obstructive bronchitis probably represents a special form of inflammation.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

Antiestrogen and antiandrogen administration reduce bone mass in the rat.

In mature female and male rats sex hormone deficiency was produced by surgical castration and by antiestrogen or antiandrogen administration. For the latter purpose we used the nonsteroidal antiestrogens tamoxifen, keoxifene (LY156758) and tetramethylhexestrol, and the steroidal antiandrogen cyproterone acetate. Dosages of 0.4 mg tamoxifen/rat/day and isomolar dosages of keoxifene and tetramethylhexestrol led to a bone mass reduction which was comparable to ovariectomized rats. Cyproterone acetate showed, at 10 mg/rat/day, a similar decrease in bone mass like orchidectomy. The often discussed intrinsic estrogen activity of the antiestrogens was present only in the highest dosage tested of tamoxifen. Keoxifene and tetramethylhexestrol showed no estrogenic effects, but this may be a dosage problem. Cyproterone acetate revealed no androgenic side-effects. These results indicate that antigonadal hormone drugs reduce bone mass to a varying extent.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Molecular cloning and identification of cDNA recombinants coding for bovine prochymosin in E. coli.

Poly(A) RNA was isolated from the gastric mucosa of the bovine fourth stomach (the abomasum) using and analysing several calves not older than 12 days. The amount of the preprochymosin mRNA in the mucosa of those animals at best reaches about 5-10% of the poly(A) RNA as estimated by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. Starting from that material double-stranded complementary DNA was synthesized, inserted by dG dC tailing into the PstI site of the vector plasmid pBR322 and used for transformation of E. coli. Tetracycline resistant clones containing DNA sequences coding for the full length of prochymosin were recognized by colony hybridization with five specific d-oligonucleotides corresponding either to the N-terminal, the middle or the C-terminal part of prochymosin. Six recombinants were detected by screening of 1 500 recombinants with an oligonucleotide which corresponds to positions 649 to 663 of the nucleotide sequence published by Harris et al. (1982). Two of them were found to cover together the complete prochymosin sequence as evidenced by both positive colony hybridization with either the N-terminal or the C-terminal oligonucleotide probe, as well as by the restriction pattern of the selected plasmids.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1978

Detoxification of 1,024 alcoholic patients without psychoactive drugs.

Most community-referred, ambulatory chronic alcoholics can be detoxified quickly and safety without the use of psychoactive drugs, according to our data. We believe such detoxification can be done most efficiently in a social setting, with the aid of a staff who will provide reassurance and reality orientation and who will monitor the patients' vital signs, general condition, and any specific problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The correlation between clinical and hormonal parameters in androgenisation.

This study concerns 45 premenopausal women referred to Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology for hirsutism. The degree of hirsutism was estimated using the semiquantitative scoring system by Ferriam and Gallwey. The authors studied the correlation between clinical manifestations of the disease and the following parameters: body mass index, plasma testosterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione and salivary testosterone, using a multiple regression analysis. A correlation (multiple R = 0.51) of borderline significance was found between the degree of hirsutism and all the above mentioned parameters together (p = 0.058). The relationship between each of these parameters and the severity of hirsutism was determined. Borderline significance was reached by plasma testosterone only (B = 0.34). There followed androstenedione (B = 0.14) and other parameters which showed a much lower, nonsignificant correlation index. Androgen levels constitute only one of the factors determining the severity of hirsutism.

Adolescent↗