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Biomedical subjects

M Petzold

Publications and source records attributed to M Petzold.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effectiveness of a multi-component intervention on dispensing practices at private pharmacies in Vietnam and Thailand--a randomized controlled trial.

Private pharmacies are the first line of health care in many communities, commonly selling antibiotics in small doses and prescription-only drugs such as steroids without medical supervision. The aim was to study the effectiveness of a multi-faceted intervention on the dispensing practices of drug sellers in Hanoi and Bangkok. The study was a randomized, controlled trial with 68 Hanoi and 78 Bangkok pharmacies, randomly selected and assigned for intervention and control. Behaviour was assessed by five simulated client visits per pharmacy per dispensing practice, at baseline and a month or more after each intervention. Three three-month interventions were implemented sequentially with four months in between: enforcement of regulations with local inspectors visiting to emphasize the importance of prescription-only medicine legislation; education, performed face-to-face in Hanoi and by a large group in Bangkok; and peer review, voluntary in Bangkok and compulsory in Hanoi. The intervention resulted in significant improvements in Hanoi, reducing the dispensing of illegal steroids (29% vs. 62%) and low dose antibiotics (69% vs. 90%), sustained by means of the peer review (17% vs. 57% steroids and 71% vs. 95% antibiotics), and in fewer dispensers asking no questions and giving no advice (11% vs. 30% steroids and 51% vs. 81% antibiotics). The only significant improvement in Bangkok was the reduction in illegally dispensing steroids (25% vs. 44%) after the regulatory intervention. In Bangkok, fewer of those in the group who volunteered for the peer review asked no questions and gave no advice for low-dose antibiotics requests after the peer review (58% vs. 81%). A multi-component intervention can have a profound effect in changing dispensers' behaviour, but the effect is dependant on the context and the method of implementation. Possible reasons for differences are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

The influence of different fluoride compounds and treatment conditions on dental enamel: a descriptive in vitro study of the CaF(2) precipitation and microstructure.

Electron and atomic force microscopy techniques have been applied to characterize both the in vitro deposition intensity and the microstructure of the KOH-soluble fluoride precipitates on human dental enamel. The study was focused on the effects of amine fluoride, sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate having a fluoride concentration of 0.1% F in acidulated and aqueous solutions. Under certain conditions, fluoride globules were formed within an initiation time of less than 20 s. This result supports the potential significance of this process for the cariostatic action of fluorides during dentifrice use. The deposition intensity seems to be dependent on the availability of Ca and F ions on the dental surface. A nanocrystalline calcium fluoride-like microstructure was revealed, with an additional phosphorus and oxygen incorporation as a function of the treatment time.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2000

Effect of intravenous iloprost and alprostadil (PGE1) on peripheral resistance during femoro-distal reconstructions.

BACKGROUND: A prospective, randomised study was undertaken to investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of either iloprost, the stable prostacyclin (PGI2) analogue, or alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) on peripheral resistance (PR) during femoro-distal reconstruction. METHODS: A prospective randomised study was performed with 35 patients. The PR Measurement of peripheral resistance involved a silicon tube temporarily inserted between the donor and recipient vessel. A flowmeter probe and a pressure transducer were inserted into the tube. The peripheral resistance was calculated as a quotient of pressure and flow under approximate physiological conditions. Patients received either alprostadil (4.4 ng/min/kg) or iloprost (2 ng/min/kg) intravenously over ten minutes. After the end of the infusion, the measurements were taken for five minutes. RESULTS: Baseline peripheral resistance was similar for both groups (iloprost 0.76+/-0.54 mmHg/ml/min, alprostadil 0.72+/-0.35 mmHg/ml/min, p>0.05). Following the measurement procedure, the final peripheral resistance in the iloprost group was reduced (0.57+/-0.33 mmHg/ml/min), but the difference to the alprostadil group (0.70+/-0.36 mmHg/ml/min) was not significant (p>0.05). The different decrease of ratio peripheral resistance (quotient between final and baseline resistance times one hundred) was highly significant (iloprost: 79.4+/-13.4% vs alprostadil: 97.0+/-15.6%, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous application of prostanoids, infused with usual doses over ten minutes during femoro-distal reconstructions, produces significant differences in decrease of peripheral resistance. Alprostadil only causes a slight drop of resistance, whereas iloprost causes a significant higher reduction of peripheral resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Failure of milk ejection reflex in primiparous cows from the differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

A particular failure of the milk-ejection reflex in dairy cows is described on the base of own experiences in farms and reports from literature. Four cases are reported more in detail. Quantity and fat content of cisternal, alveolar and residual milk fractions, oxytocin content in blood serum, milk-ejection after manual teat stimulation, after massage of the clitoris or rectal stimulation of the vagina and cervix were investigated. This failure of the milk-ejection is observed mostly in primiparous cows and always at the begin of the lactation period. It is complete and permanent unless successfully treated, and seems to be based on an central inhibition of the oxytocin release. Treatment consists of thorough udder stimulation and milking followed by an i.v. application of oxytocin in order to remove the residual milk portion. The condition has a good prognosis, if the treatment is carried out regularly for some days and even weeks. Acute Mastitis is the main differential diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Use of computer-assisted Doppler sonography and rheography in acral vascular diagnosis in progressive systemic sclerosis].

For the quantitative characterization of the blood flow of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis a combined computer-assisted Doppler sonographic as well as rheographic measuring place was established. An aimed examination of the peripheral situation of the blood supply was performed in 15 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis in comparison to a control group of patients with healthy vessels. The demonstration of the corresponding parameters of time and form of the curves resulted in significant differences for the two examination groups, particularly of the pulsation index (PI) and the index of the peripheral resistance (PWI) in the Doppler flow curves as well as for the maximum increase (A) and the peak time (GZ) in the rheogrammes. The computer-assisted functional-diagnostic investigation methods in the peripheral vascular region offer themselves for the objectivation and the assessment of the course of the participation of the vessels in the collagenoses.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

[The vitamin A supply of laying hens including during rearing. 2. Effect of varied vitamin A supplementation of mixed feed in rearing on production in the laying period].

In six experiments with laying hybrids the influence of a varied nutritive beta-carotene and vitamin A supply during rearing on the performance in the laying period was tested. Basal rations poor in carotene without vitamin A supplementation in the rearing period diminished feed intake and laying performance in the laying period, retarded the beginning of intensive laying and increased feed expenditure per 100 g egg if the feed for laying hens contained less than 5000 IU vitamin A per kg. Relations between varied vitamin A supply and the performance parameters of the laying performance could not be proved if chick and young hen feed with maize even without vitamin A supplement or if rearing feed with approximately 2500 IU vitamin A or laying hen feed greater than 5000 IU vitamin A supply were used.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

[Difficulty in determining ultrasonic attenuation values from selective echograms].

The value of tomography is beyond all doubt. Custom systems allow the quantitative assessment of topographic and kinetic parameters of various organs and the blood. The assessment of tissue, however, is still qualitative and experimental methods for quantitative tissue characteristics are still expensive. We propose a method, that allows the determination of attenuation coefficients with little technical expense.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasound-controlled fine-needle puncture with a specially prepared puncture needle].

The described puncture needle with dual amplified point has been successfully applied at the Medical Clinic of the County Hospital Halle for more than half a year now. Better reflecting capacity in both vitro and vivo results from preparation of the needle point's surface. The more clear visibility of the needle point in the ultrasonic sectional view results in a better display during the whole process of puncture and makes possible a better locating also under difficult sonographic conditions. By the application of the described puncture needle the safety of the ultrasonic directed fine-needle puncture increases for both patient and examiner.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1977

[Requirements of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domestica) for crude protein and energy levels of fattening diets].

Groups of male and female Cairina ducks subjected to equal starter feeding (1st to 3rd weeks) were used from the 4th week of live (fattening period) to test feed mixes of varying energy and crude protein levels (480 energetic feed equivalents/heu[EFH] - 140 g crude protein[CP]; 480 EFh - 180/g CP; 555 EFh - 140 g CP; 555 EFh - 180 g CP; 625 EEh - 140 g CP; 625 EFh - 180 g CP - all figures referred to 1 kg of feed). The different energy levels remained without influence of the live weight development. High-energy feed caused, however, higher expenditures of energetic feed equivalents per kg of gain and resulted in carcases with higher fat proportion. At all the 3 energy levels under study, high-protein feeding proved superior to low-protein rations with regard to live weight gains and meat yield. For the time being, 500 EFh and 180 g CP per kg of organic matter are recommended as indicators for Cairina duck fattening rations.

Animal Feed↗