Physical mapping strategies are being employed for an analysis of the fragile X site region. Deletion breakpoints which may be close to the fragile site appear to be at a distance of at least several hundred kb from the nearest DNA probes. Further evidence is found for physical linkage between St14 (DXS52), DX13 (DXS15) and MN12 (DXS33). The data indicate differences in CG content and/or methylation levels between the distal and proximal sides of the fragile site.

Chromosome Deletion↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polycystic liver disease: a study of cyst fluid constituents.

Cyst fluid from a patient with polycystic liver disease was obtained by needle aspiration using ultrasound guidance. The constituents of the fluid resembled the "bile salt-independent" fraction of human bile and supports the hypothesis that such cysts are lined by a functioning, secretory bile duct epithelium.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular analysis of human muscular dystrophies.

The ability to map disease loci using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) identified by DNA probes has revolutionized molecular genetics. Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies have been shown to be localized within the same very small region of Xp21 on the human X chromosome. The mutation itself should soon be identified at the DNA level, which will permit a detailed analysis of the molecular defect at the biochemical level. Rapid progress has also been made in the study of myotonic dystrophy on chromosome 19. DNA markers closely linked to the mutant locus have been identified, making antenatal diagnosis possible in informative families. Autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies are more difficult to study, but the means to localize even these mutations is being developed. The next decade should prove to be an exciting one for those involved in the molecular analysis and clinical management of human muscular dystrophies.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory with the CERAD behavioral rating scale for dementia in community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer's disease.

In a group of 242 community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a longitudinal comparison was made of two caregiver-administered instruments for assessment of behavioral disturbance; the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the CERAD Behavioral Rating Scale for Dementia (BRSD). We examined records of the 206 patients with baseline and 12-month follow-up data for the CMAI and the BRSD who also had tests of cognitive (Mini-mental State; MMSE) and global function (Clinical Dementia Rating; CDR and Functional Assessment Staging; FAST). Among 114 AD subjects, the correlation between total CMAI at baseline and 1 month readministration was 0.83 (p < 0.0001). In the same subjects, stratified into 5 groups by MMSE scores, the correlations between BRSD baseline and 1-month scores ranged from 0.70-0.89 (p < 0.0001). There was high correlation between total scores of both instruments at baseline and 12 months. In addition, all CMAI subscales except Verbally Aggressive correlated significantly with total BRSD score at both time points. At baseline, BRSD subscales for irritability/aggression, behavioral dysregulation and psychotic symptoms and at 12 months, irritability/aggression and behavioral dysregulation correlated with total CMAI scores. Neither scale changed significantly over 1 year, but there was wide individual variation. CMAI and BRSD scores correlated with 1-year change in the FAST, but not with MMSE or CDR (which weighs cognition heavily), suggesting that behavioral disturbance may be more strongly related to ability to manage activities of daily living (executive function) than to other aspects of cognition. The CMAI and BRSD appear to be interchangeable as measures of agitation, with the CMAI possibly more useful for patients who lack language and the BRSD more sensitive to apathy and depression.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative field evaluation of divided-dosing and reduced feed intake upon treatment efficacy against resistant isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep and goats.

The effects of modifying drug administration and food intake upon the efficacy of fenbendazole against resistant isolates of Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta were investigated using naturally infected sheep and goats. Administration of the manufacturer's recommended dose (MRD) as two 2.5 mg kg(-1) bodyweight doses divided by a 12-hour interval resulted in an apparent increase in efficacy of over 28 per cent compared with conventionally treated sheep. Withholding feed for 24 hours before treatment at the MRD resulted in respective increases of 39.7 per cent (P<0.05) and 25.2 per cent compared with conventionally treated sheep and goats. A combination of food withdrawal and divided dosing did not further increase treatment efficacy in goats. It is suggested that withholding feed, divided-dosing or combining these methods may extend the useful life of the broad spectrum class of anthelmintics.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Happy Orthopedic Nurse's Day.

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Awards and Prizes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Practice basics: quick neurovascular examination of the hand.

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Documentation↗