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Biomedical subjects

M Patil

Publications and source records attributed to M Patil.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Brucella spondylitis and sacroiliitis in the general population in Mumbai.

OBJECTIVE: 1) To identify patients of brucella spondylitis and sacroiliitis amongst patients of 'infective spondylitis' and 'sacroiliitis', 2) To study clinical and radiographic features and outcome of brucella spondylitis. METHODS: We reviewed 21 patients of infective spondylitis and 12 of sacroiliitis attending our hospital between March and September 2000 and followed them to identify patients of brucella spondylitis and brucella sacroiliitis, using serological tests. RESULTS: 1) Twenty six patients (17 spondylitis and nine sacroiliitis) were detected to have brucella infection to be the cause of their illness. 2) Brucella spondylitis is commonly mistaken for tuberculous spondylitis in our country. Thus leading to a delay in the diagnosis as well as occurrence of angular deformity and neurological deficit, which are reportedly uncommon in this condition. 3) Consumption (or handling) of unpasteurized milk (tabela milk) and occasional animal contact were found to be the source of infection in the general population. 4) Predominantly lumbar spine involvement, end-plate erosion of L4, L3, L5, decreased intervertebral disc space, repair with'formation of an osteophyte, simultaneous involvement of several sites and association of spondylitis with sacroiliitis were important radiographic features. CONCLUSIONS: Brucellosis exists in the general population, high clinical suspicion especially when there is history of animal contact or consumption of unpasteurized milk, familiarity with clinical and radiological features of brucella spondylitis and detection of antibodies to brucella by ELISA will help us detect and treat these patients in time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission may influence cortical signal-to-noise ratio.

Norepinephrine has been proposed to influence signal-to-noise ratio within cortical structures, but the exact cellular mechanisms underlying this influence have not been described in detail. Here we present data on a cellular effect of norepinephrine that could contribute to the influence on signal-to-noise ratio. In brain slice preparations of the rat piriform (olfactory) cortex, perfusion of norepinephrine causes a dose-dependent suppression of excitatory synaptic potentials in the layer containing synapses among pyramidal cells in the cortex (layer Ib), while having a weaker effect on synaptic potentials in the afferent fiber layer (layer Ia). Effects of norepinephrine were similar in dose-response characteristics and laminar selectivity to the effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, and combined perfusion of both agonists caused effects similar to an equivalent concentration of a single agonist. In a computational model of the piriform cortex, we have analyzed the effect of noradrenergic suppression of synaptic transmission on signal-to-noise ratio. The selective suppression of excitatory intrinsic connectivity decreases the background activity of modeled neurons relative to the activity of neurons receiving direct afferent input. This can be interpreted as an increase in signal-to-noise ratio, but the term noise does not accurately characterize activity dependent on the intrinsic spread of excitation, which would more accurately be described as interpretation or retrieval. Increases in levels of norepinephrine mediated by locus coeruleus activity appear to enhance the influence of extrinsic input on cortical representations, allowing a pulse of norepinephrine in an arousing context to mediate formation of memories with a strong influence of environmental variables.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Should Esmarch bandages be used for exsanguination in knee arthroscopy and knee replacement surgery? A prospective trial of Esmarch exsanguination versus simple elevation.

In order to compare the adequacy of exsanguination produced by Esmarch bandages with that produced by simple elevation for 2 min, a blind randomized prospective trial was undertaken in 50 patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery and 50 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy surgery. The mean blood loss during total knee replacement was significantly greater in the group exsanguinated by elevation (P < 0.01). The haematocrit of samples of the arthroscopy drainage fluid was consistently less than 1%, irrespective of the method of exsanguination used. None of the operating surgeons reported that they considered that either knee replacement surgery or arthroscopic knee surgery had been made any more difficult by the use of elevation as a means of exsanguination. In view of the established risks of using Esmarch bandages, we would suggest that the use of this method of exsanguination in these fields of orthopaedic surgery is not justified.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1993

Iatrogenic urogenital fistulae.

Nineteen patients with iatrogenic urogenital fistulae were treated between 1985 and 1989. All resulted from obstetric and gynaecological surgery. Major symptoms were leakage of urine through the vagina, menouria and perineal dermatitis. The fistulae formed after treatment for benign conditions in 18 patients. Fistulae complicating cancer surgery were uncommon. All patients with uretero-vaginal fistulae underwent preliminary percutaneous nephrostomy. Twelve patients underwent reconstruction using either the Boari-Ockerblad flap (5), uretero-neocystostomy (4) or other techniques (3), all with excellent results. Most of the remaining patients had treatment elsewhere. We consider that preliminary diversion, followed by delayed reconstruction, is a valuable option in the management of uretero-vaginal fistulae.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis.

We performed arthrodesis of the ankle in eight patients by arthroscopic joint excision and fixation with crossed tibiotalar compression screws. Two patients had rheumatoid arthritis and six had post-traumatic osteoarthritis. None had a serious deformity of the ankle. Clinical ankylosis was achieved in all cases and there was radiological evidence of bone fusion in four.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ethanol on the excitability of hippocampal granule neurons.

The effects of low dose ethanol treatment on neuronal firing threshold were studied in dentate granule neurons using intracellular recording. A higher threshold for orthodromic activation and lower threshold for somatic activation were observed in 50 mM of ethanol, based on an examination of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials, strength duration and repetitive firing properties. Experiments involving blockade of glutamate-receptor subtypes suggest that an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated mechanism is implicated in this action of ethanol.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1989

Stimulus-activated changes in brain tissue temperature in the anesthetized rat.

A new thin-film, multisensor probe was used to determine tissue oxygen tension, tissue temperature, and electrical activity at two depths below the brain surface in chloral hydrate- or nitrous oxide/halothane-anesthetized rats. Brain tissue temperature at both depths was found to be lower than core temperature by 1-2 degrees C. Electrical activation, spreading depression, and pentylenetetrazol seizures all resulted in transient increases of brain tissue temperature of a few tenths degree centigrade. Vasodilation, induced by hypercapnia or hypoxia, caused a warming of brain tissue. Near-maximum oxygen metabolism, reached upon reoxygenation after severe hypoxia, was accompanied by tissue temperature rises of greater than 1 degree C. It was concluded that brain tissue temperature in the anesthetized rat is lower than core temperature due to extensive radiative and conductive heat loss to the environment through the head. Transient increases in tissue temperature during activation are caused by vasodilation and increased metabolism.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

Purification of rat intestinal cinnabarinate synthase and its possible role in hyperplasia of the small intestine in diabetic rats.

Streptozotocin diabetic rats fed ad libitum exhibited hyperplasia of the small intestine. As compared to the control animals, the intestine of experimental animals grew in weight, length and total RNA and DNA contents. Intestinal cinnabarinate synthase activity in diabetic rats was however significantly lower. Developmental studies in albino rats indicated that, attainment of the terminal and highest activity of the enzyme tends to correspond with cessation of further increase in RNA and DNA contents of the intestine, thereby suggesting a possible relationship between cinnabarinate synthase and the hyperplastic changes observed. It was also observed that some properties of this enzyme, such as Km and Vmax are modified in diabetic condition. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity and some of its kinetic and other properties were studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Brain tissue temperature: activation-induced changes determined with a new multisensor probe.

Local brain tissue oxygen tension, temperature, and electrical potential were continuously and simultaneously measured at each of two different depths in anesthetized, paralyzed rat brain. Brain tissue temperature increases up to 1 degree C were recorded in response to direct electrical stimulation, spreading depression, PTZ-induced seizures, hypercapnia, and hypoxia. An increase in brain tissue temperature was also recorded during reoxygenation after hypoxia. Thus, we have shown that, in this preparation, increases in either blood flow or oxidative metabolism lead to transient warming of the brain.

Animals↗