Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Paterson.
Various difficulties are encountered when applying certain routine clinical chemistry procedures to biological material from patas monkeys. The wide range of results found in the immature monkey, together with findings which in the human subject would be grossly abnormal, are described.
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Provision of hospital uncompensated care is generally assumed to be adversely affected as increased healthcare competition decreases demand for compensated hospital services. Economic theory, however, suggests the question is more complex. Non-profit hospitals are assumed in this paper to maximize utility as a function of uncompensated care, subject to the constraint that revenues cover costs. For-profit hospitals, in contrast, are assumed to maximize profit while recognizing that failure to meet community expectations regarding provision of uncompensated care could negatively impact profits. Therefore, for-profit hospital supply of uncompensated care focuses on balancing the hospital's marginal costs and marginal benefits. These models predict that non-profit hospitals will respond to increased competition by reducing the supply of uncompensated care. In contrast, for-profit hospitals will increase the supply of uncompensated care when market demand decreases since the concurrent decrease in compensated care reduces the marginal cost of producing uncompensated care. The models also predict that for-profit hospitals will respond to changes in community expectations regarding the provision of uncompensated care.
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A professionally applied two-stage chlorhexidine varnish, Chlorzoin((R)), was developed to achieve sustained release and minimise the problems of staining and bad taste associated with chlorhexidine mouthrinses. The primary aim of this randomised controlled clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of Chlorzoin in reducing the caries increment in high-caries-risk adolescents. Secondary aims included investigating the effect of compliance upon caries increment, the effect of Chlorzoin upon salivary mutans streptococci levels and assessing the benefit of individual dental health advice by dental auxiliaries in a community setting. 1,240 children, initially aged 11-13 years, assessed to be at high caries risk were recruited into the trial. The trial design involved four arms: an observational group, a control group, an active (Chlorzoin) varnish group and a placebo varnish group. All subjects were examined annually by a calibrated examiner who was blind to the group allocation. Three-year caries increments were calculated using clinical, clinical and fibre-optic transillumination, and clinical and bitewing data sets. The results indicated that the use of Chlorzoin had an initial effect on mutans streptococci levels but that no long-term reduction in caries increment or mutans streptococci infection could be detected. One reason for this lack of efficacy may have been the regimen of reduced frequency of varnish applications after the initial period. Children who followed the protocol and, therefore, were seen regularly by dental auxiliaries had a lower caries increment than those who did not. This finding was independent of varnish allocation. In summary, under this regimen, Chlorzoin has been found to be effective in decreasing salivary mutans streptococci but ineffective as a caries-preventive agent in high-risk Scottish children when applied pragmatically in a community setting.
Oncogene analyses of four human myeloma cell lines provided no indication of gene amplification or rearrangement using DNA probes for the met, raf, abl, mos, erb B, Her-2-neu, fos, myb-7, fms, L-myc, sis, and myb-1 genes. However, a consistent elevation of up to 23-fold in the level of c-myc mRNA was observed in all of the cell lines studied. No restriction fragment length polymorphism (in exons one, two, or three) or c-myc gene amplification has as yet been demonstrated to account for the c-myc mRNA elevation. The c-myc mRNA has a half-life of 25 min which is comparable to that observed in other systems. The elevation in c-myc mRNA is further evidence for the role of the c-myc proto-oncogene in the pathogenesis of myeloma.
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