Exercise habits and sleep in a middle-aged Finnish population.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Partinen
Publications and source records attributed to M Partinen.
Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men.
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Coronary Disease↗
Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men.
The association of snoring with ischaemic heart disease and stroke was studied prospectively in 4388 men aged 40-69. The men were asked, in a questionnaire sent to them, whether they snored habitually, frequently, occasionally, or never. Hospital records and death certificates were checked for the next three years to establish how many of the men developed ischaemic heart disease or stroke: the numbers were 149 and 42, respectively. Three categories of snoring were used for analysis: habitual and frequent snorers (n = 1294), occasional snorers (n = 2614), and non-snorers (n = 480). The age adjusted relative risk of ischaemic heart disease between habitual plus frequent snorers and non-snorers was 1.91 (p less than 0.01) and for ischaemic heart disease or stroke, or both, 2.38 (p less than 0.001). There were no cases of stroke among the non-snorers. Adjustment for age, body mass index, history of hypertension, smoking, and alcohol use did not significantly decrease the relative risks, which were 1.71 (p greater than 0.05) for ischaemic heart disease and 2.08 (p less than 0.01) for ischaemic heart disease and stroke combined. At the beginning of follow up in 1981, 462 men reported a history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. For them the relative risk of ischaemic heart disease between habitual plus frequent snorers and non-snorers was 1.30 (NS); for men without previous ischaemic heart disease 2.72 (p less than 0.05). Snoring seems to be a potential determinant of risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
Adult↗
Central sleep apnea and partial obstruction of the upper airway.
Seven men with central sleep apnea underwent polygraphic monitoring during sleep for at least 3 nights, in combination with other tests. Five patients had complaints of disturbed sleep; the other 2 were selected because they had central sleep apnea caused by bilateral brainstem lesions. The first 5 had a small upper airway, documented by cephalometric roentgenograms. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure, administered to improve the suspected respiratory load during sleep, eliminated the central sleep apnea in the first 5 patients but had, as expected, no positive effect on the central apnea of the 2 patients with brainstem lesions.
Adolescent↗
Snoring and dementia.
The frequency of snoring was studied in 46 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 37 with multiinfarct dementia (MID), and in a random sample of 124 elderly community residents without known diseases affecting higher cortical functions. The demented patients were reported to snore twice as frequently as the control subjects (P less than 0.05). No difference in the frequency of snoring was present between the patients with AD and MID. In contrast to younger populations, snoring was not significantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity in this elderly population.
Adult↗
Sleep apnea in multiinfarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Sleep-related hypopneas and apneas were studied in 19 patients with multiinfarct dementia (MID), in 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in 26 healthy control subjects using the Static Charge-Sensitive Bed (SCSB) method. Demented patients had more apneas or hypopneas and more disturbed sleep than the control subjects. Over 10 apneas/hypopneas per hour of sleep were detected in 47.5% of the demented patients and in 19.2% of the control subjects (p less than 0.05). Restlessness comprised 46.7% of the time in bed in patients with AD and 49.6% in those with MID, but only 102.% in the control subjects (p less than 0.001, controls versus demented). The total duration of apneas and hypopneas calculated from the total sleeping time was greater than 10% in 60.0% of the demented patients and in 15.4% of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Patients with MID tended to have more apneas/hypopneas than those with AD, and apneas/hypopneas tended to increase in direct proportion to the severity of dementia. Age had no effect on the proportion of apneas and hypopneas among demented patients or control subjects, but male controls had more apneas and hypopneas than did female controls.
Aged↗
Sleep apnoea and daytime sleepiness in acromegaly: relationship to endocrinological factors.
Sleep history and pituitary function were studied and sleep polygraphy performed in 11 acromegalic patients before and after pituitary surgery. Excessive daytime sleepiness or habitual snoring or both together, as well as an elevated fasting level of serum GH occurred in all the patients. In five men but in none of the women an abnormal number of episodes of sleep apnoea were observed. Pituitary adenomectomy improved the apnoea frequency in one patient, whereas in the others the abnormality was still present 1 year later. After operation the fasting level of serum GH became normal in eight patients, two of them with persisting sleep apnoea. The sleep apnoea syndrome is common and clinically important in acromegaly. Its early diagnosis using polygraphic monitoring is emphasized, as it is a treatable disorder.
Acromegaly↗
Nocturnal periodic breathing in adults with Down's syndrome.
Nineteen adults with Down's syndrome were studied with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) method. A single whole-night recording was made of each subject. Two different periodic breathing indices (PBIf and PBI%) were calculated from a computerized analysis of these recordings. A polygraphic recording was also made of one subject, a 52-year-old male. The EEG, the EOG, the EMG, nasal and oral airflow, and diaphragmatic movement were recorded, the latter with an abdominal strain gauge and with the SCSB-method simultaneously. Good correlation was found between the recording with the SCSB and the strain gauge. The apnoea index (AI) calculated from the polygraphic recording was 23.3, while the PBIf of this patient recorded on another night and analysed automatically was 45 and the PBI% was 78.6. The patient group was divided into those aged 40 or older (n = 10) and those aged 39 or younger (n = 9). The mean PBI% of the older group was 24.0 while that of the younger group was 5.4 (t = 2.23; P less than 0.05). The mean PBIf of the older group was 16.7 and that of the younger was 3.6 (t = 2.70; P = less than 0.02). The mean body mass index (BMI) of the younger group was significantly higher than the mean BMI of the older group. The mean BMI of those patients, whose PBI values were considered to be normal (PBI% less than 3, PBIf less than 7), did not significantly differ from the BMI of those patients, whose PBI-values were abnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Periodic breathing and hypoxia in snorers and controls: validation of snoring history and association with blood pressure and obesity.
Fifty-two men (aged 41-50 years) of whom 25 reported habitual and 27 of occasional or never snoring were examined clinically. Whole-night sleep recordings of body and breathing movements, snoring and blood oxygen saturation were made. Hypoxic events exceeding 4% from the baseline were counted. Ninety-three percent of those classified snorers by the recordings were habitual or occasional snorers, but 50% of those similarly classified non-snorers had reported habitual or occasional snoring. Four habitual snorers had abnormal breathing indices and polysomnography established obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in one. Thus, self-reported habitual snoring is a reliable OSAS-screening method. Estimated prevalence of OSAS based on this study is 0.4-1.4%. In multivariate regression analysis, the hypoxic events were explained by obesity and apneic events. The diastolic blood pressure level was best explained by obesity, but not hypoxic or apneic events or snoring history.
Adult↗
Snoring and cardiovascular disease.
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Cardiovascular Diseases↗
Obstructive sleep apneic patients have craniomandibular abnormalities.
One hundred fifty-five unselected obstructive sleep apneic patients seen in succession had cephalometric roentgenograms and polygraphic recordings performed. These patients were compared to a group of 41 subjects who had consulted orthodontists for malocclusion and had no clinical indication of sleep apnea. The cephalometric landmarks were also compared to those published as normative data in the literature. The limits of "normalcy" were conservatively defined as mean +/- 2 standard deviations. Only two obstructive sleep apneic patients had normal cephalometric landmarks and 150 of the 155 patients had at least two significantly different landmarks from the normative data in the literature. The common findings were a retroposition of the mandible, a different cranial base flexure with a nasion-sella-basion angle more acute than expected, and a displacement of the hyoid bone to a lower position than expected. These combined changes reduced the space occupied by soft tissues anchored on the skull and mandible, and the length of the soft palate was increased.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Automatic analysis of static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) recordings in the evaluation of sleep-related apneas.
An automatic analysis of Static Charge Sensitive Bed (SCSB) recordings was evaluated in the detecting periodic apneas during sleep. The results of over-night SCSB recordings, on body movements and respiratory movements, were compared with the visually evaluated polygraphic recordings during daytime sleep. Twenty-one patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and 18 controls were studied. The periodic breathing pattern seen in all daytime recordings, was also seen in all output graphs of the over-night SCSB analyses. The automatic analyses revealed periodic breathing in 2 control subjects. The amount was, however, small (less than 4% of the recording time) compared with the high amount observed in the patients with obstructive sleep apneas (mean 42.9% of the recording time). The high sensitivity, easy use, and low cost of the automatic SCSB method make it suitable for the quantification of the periodic breathing during night and for the screening of sleep apneas.
Adult↗
[Polygraphy in the diagnosis of sleep disorders].
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Brain↗
Snoring and cerebral infarction.
The association of snoring with cerebral infarction was tested in a case-control study of 50 male patients with cerebral infarction and 100 male patients with other disorders. Cerebral infarction was significantly associated with habitual (almost always or always) snoring; the risk ratio of cerebral infarction between those who did and did not snore habitually was 10.3 (95% confidence limits 3.5-30.1). The corresponding risk ratio was 2.8 (95% CL 1.3-5.8) for snoring often, almost always, or always compared with snoring occasionally or never, but the association was still significant. The association was also found when age and body mass index were taken into account.
Adult↗
Snoring as a risk factor for hypertension and angina pectoris.
The association of snoring with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was tested by postal questionnaire in a population of 3847 men and 3664 women aged 40-69 years. Hypertension associated highly significantly with snoring, the relative risk (RR) of hypertension between habitual snorers and never snorers being 1.94 in men and 3.19 in women. This association was also found when adjusting for body-mass index. A significant association between angina pectoris and habitual snoring was observed in men (RR = 2.22). In women the relative risk was not significant. An association between habitual snoring and angina pectoris in men was also found after adjusting for hypertension and body-mass index (RR = 2.01, p less than 0.01). The relative risks for myocardial infarction and hospital admission for IHD for habitual snorers were non-significant.
Adult↗
Treatment of acute migraine attack: naproxen and placebo compared.
A double-blind, cross-over, randomized study of acute migraine attack compared treatment results of naproxen with that of placebo. Each treatment period continued for either three months or six migraine attacks, whichever occurred first. The initial dose of naproxen was 750 mg, with additional 250-500 mg doses taken if and when required, to a maximum of five 250 mg tablets within a period of 24 h in each migraine attack. Forty-one patients were enrolled in the study; they had all experienced at least two but not more than eight migraine attacks a month during the preceding year. Thirty-two patients completed the two treatment periods. Naproxen was statistically significantly superior to placebo in reducing the severity of head pain, nausea, and photophobia; in shortening the duration of head pain, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and lightheadedness; in diminishing the frequency of vomiting; and in decreasing the need for escape medication. Both patient and physician treatment preferences significantly favoured naproxen. Nine side effects were experienced by seven patients while receiving placebo and seven by five patients during naproxen treatment. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort was the main complaint. Only one patient withdrew from treatment because of a side effect, which occurred while receiving placebo.
Acute Disease↗
Sleep disturbance in patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: a new application of the SCSB-method.
Five patients (3 male, 2 female, mean age 20.4 years, range 14-28) with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis were studied using the Static Charge-Sensitive Bed method. Three distinct patterns of respiration (calm, periodic and restless) were differentiated in an automatic analysis. The amount of restless respiration was found to increase with duration of the disease. The result is discussed in terms of methodology and the clinical picture of JNCL.
Adolescent↗
Snoring and disease.
Snoring is an inspiratory sound caused during sleep by vibration of different parts of the upper airways. It is one of the main symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in addition to excessive daytime sleepiness. This review asks what the clinician should know about snoring and considers the following aspects: mechanism, prevalence, significance in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, association with psychosocial problems, diagnosis and treatment.
Cardiovascular Diseases↗