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Biomedical subjects

M Pamilo

Publications and source records attributed to M Pamilo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Unidentified liver metastases at ultrasonography or computed tomography.

Sixty-six patients with hepatic metastases, examined by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) with an interval of a few days between the two examinations, showed discrepancies between the US and CT findings. The US and CT images were compared lesion by lesion, and the reasons why a metastasis was missed at US or CT were analysed. Lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter could be detected at technically successful examinations with both methods. The unreliable imaging regions with US were the ventrocranial aspect of the right lobe, the caudate lobe, and in obese patients the dorsal part of the right lobe. With CT, the caudal aspect of the left lobe, the area surrounding the gallbladder, and portions beneath the ribs were most unreliably imaged. Sometimes, at either US or CT, the image characteristics of the metastasis were too similar to those of the normal parenchyma to be differentiated.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1984

Chance findings in ultrasonography of the gallbladder and the abdominal organs.

Chance findings (pathological processes in other than in the object organ) were recorded in: I 400 consecutive gallbladder sonographies performed with gray scale compound equipment during 1978-1980, and II 1100 consecutive abdominal or retroperitoneal real time sonographies during 1982-1983. Eight malignant tumours and three aortic aneurysms in group I, and five malignant tumours and four aortic aneurysms in group II were the most significant chance findings. The malignant tumours included seven renal carcinomas. The use of US as a multi-organ imaging method is stressed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

The echogenicity of hypervascular areas in liver tumours. An in vivo study.

The ultrasound images of liver tumours of 28 patients were compared with their vascular images on arteriography. In addition, 17 of these patients underwent contrast computed tomography examinations, and a comparison was made between the markedly contrast-enhanced tumour areas and their ultrasound images. No clear correlation was found between the echogenicity of the tumours and the vascularity seen in arteriography and/or computed tomography. The hypervascular and hypo- or avascular tumour areas could be markedly or minimally echogenic or show only diffuse alteration in the echo architecture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonography of carcinoma of the gallbladder. The images and differential diagnostic problems.

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder was analysed in a series of 5100 patients, who had a grey-scale sonography of the gallbladder more than 2 years before analysis. Carcinoma has been diagnosed in 12 of the patients. Sonography revealed 8 of the carcinomas. In addition one tumour was diagnosed, which was not considered to originate from the gallbladder. Two patients had carcinoma in situ. The examination of one carcinoma patient was a technical failure. There were 9 false positive findings. Of these 9 patients, one had a metastasis, 5 had a lump of sludge, 3 had a wall thickening caused by chronic cholecystitis and one had an adenomyomatosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of ultrasound and CT images of liver metastases.

The US and CT images of liver metastases in 42 patients were systematically compared. Based on the US image the lesions were classified as non-echogenic, slightly echogenic, and markedly echogenic lesions, target lesions and lesions with diffuse alteration of structure. There was often discrepancy between the appearance of the US and CT images. The discrepancy was increased after contrast enhancement in non-echogenic and in slightly echogenic metastases and in metastases with diffuse alteration of echo structure and diminished in target lesions. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of liver steatotic and fibrous content by computerized tomography and ultrasound.

Twenty-four patients with steatotic liver underwent computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) examinations and liver biopsy, performed within a maximum interval of 6 weeks. The CT and US findings were compared with the fat and fibrous content of the biopsy specimens. A good linear inverse correlation between the CT findings and fat content was found. The ranges of CT values were 39-60 HU (mean, 52 HU) for mild fat content (less than or equal to 9.9%), 4-46 HU (mean, 27 HU) for moderate fat content (10.0-24.9%), and -6 to 19 HU (mean, 10 HU) for severe fat content (greater than or equal to 25.0%). With US it was possible to estimate roughly the fat and fibrous content of the liver. There was always the 'bright liver' finding in patients with 10.0% or more fat content, but it was impossible to estimate the content of fat more accurately. 'Bright liver' was also found in most patients with mildly and in all patients with severely increased fibrous content. It was impossible to differentiate the latter from each other or from the 'bright liver' caused by fatty degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Real-time ultrasonography as the primary imaging method in suspect renal pathology of adults.

In the material of 253 successive patients real-time ultrasound was used instead of urography as the primary imaging method of renal diseases. Ultrasound detected a tumour more reliably and more specifically than urography and detected hydronephrosis with sufficient reliability. In cases of pyelonephritis urography was more informative than ultrasound. In 'diffuse' parenchymal diseases both methods were quite unreliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ultrasound and computed tomography of small asymptomatic haemangiomas of the liver.

Gray-scale ultrasound examinations were performed in 13 patients with 18 small asymptomatic haemangiomas of the liver and computed tomography in 10 of these patients. Different types of ultrasound images were found. One of them appeared as a well-demarcated area of increased echoes with an echo-free halo consisting of vessels, is probably characteristic for haemangioma. The other types of images are considered non-specific. The native CT scans demonstrated a well-demarcated spherical area with low attenuation in 8 cases and an area with attenuation similar to the liver in 4. After contrast medium injection, areas with lower attenuation were found in 7 cases, with irregular accumulation of contrast medium in the periphery in 4, and with distinct vessels in the periphery in one case, 2 haemangiomas had the same attenuation as the liver parenchyma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The sonographic images of hypernephromas.

The sonographic images of hypernephromas were examined in 46 histologically confirmed cases. The echogenicity of hypernephromas can be higher, equal or lower that of renal cortex. There is no significant correlation between echogenicity and macroscopic vascularity. The infiltration of a tumour cannot be estimated with certainty using sonography. Acoustic enhancement can also be seen behind hypernephromas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Accuracy of 100 mm x 100 mm mirror optic camera technique as compared to normal chest radiography technique.

Full size and 100 mm x 100 mm mirror optic camera (photofluorographic) chest films of 121 patients were read by a team of four radiologists. Altogether 2781 diagnostic statements were reported, 968 of which were of primary importance, and only these statements were analysed. Error rates with the standard technique varied between 16 and 31% and with the 100 mm x 100 mm technique between 21 and 38%. The difference in error rates between the techniques used was not statistically significant but there were significant differences between the individual radiologists.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of hypernephromas as seen with ultrasound and computed tomography.

The structure of 20 hypernephromas as seen with ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) were compared. The hypervascular and necrotic areas, as well as the areas of normal tumoral enhancement in CT, were seen as markedly, moderately, or minimally echogenic or had mixed areas of minimal and marked echogenicity in US.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Narcotic smuggling and radiography of the gastrointestinal tract.

The gastrointestinal tract is being used to an increasing extent as a route for smuggling narcotics. Small, swallowed packages overwrapped with condoms or other materials are usually not detected by the customs authorities. Conventional abdominal radiography may indicate foreign bodies surrounded by a characteristic thin layer of gas and located in the gastrointestinal tract. Some short case histories, and the radiologic findings in four heroin 'body packers' are presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasound examination of foreign bodies. An in vitro investigation.

Ultrasound examination of foreign bodies most frequently encountered in the human body was performed when they were contained within a transmission medium acoustically resembling human soft tissues. All the foreign bodies evaluated (lead and plastic pellets, pieces of wire, nails, needles, small fragments of rock and glass, wooden slivers, surgical sponges and surgical threads) were detectable with ultrasound. Strong echoes were reflected from their surface when they were positioned favourably, although in some positions the echoes from a needle, fragment of glass, wooden silver, or surgical thread could not be distinguished from those of the surroundings. Acoustic shadows were also seen behind the foreign bodies. A striking column of reverberation echoes was demonstrated behind lead pellets and nails while behind a glass plate there was an acoustic shadow that was often difficult to detect because it was concealed by a mirror image. With modern grey-scale real-time equipment it is possible to demonstrate objects from various angles, a fact which should facilitate the detection of foreign bodies in vivo circumstances.

Foreign Bodies↗