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Biomedical subjects

M Palkovits

Publications and source records attributed to M Palkovits.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Effects of stress on catecholamines and tyrosine hydroxylase activity of individual hypothalamic nuclei.

The effects of acute stress on norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentrations and of repeated stress on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were measured in individual hypothalamic nuclei and other rat brain regions. A microdissection technique and radioisotopic enzymatic assays enables these studies to be performed. NE and DA concentrations were reduced and TH activity increased selectively in the arcuate nucleus. These results suggest that the arcuate nucleus may be selectively involved in the stress response and support the hypothesis that catecholamines in the medial basal hypothalamus mediate certain of the neuroendocrine changes observed in stress.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical mapping of the noradrenergic projection from the locus coeruleus. A model for studies of brain neuronal pathways.

Mapping of the noradrenergic projection from neurons in the rat locus coeruleus has been examined by combining a sensitive radioisotopic assay for catecholamines with a microdissection technique to remove multiple separate brain nuclei. The effect of a unilateral locus coeruleus lesion on norepinephrine concentration in 19 brain regions ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion was determined. Evidence for ipsilateral and bilateral innervation to specific regions is presented, and many regions appear to receive combined innervation from other noradrenergic loci, in addition to that from the locus coeruleus. Fluorescence rating was correlated with biochemical measurement of amine content with these techniques and proportionality was observed over a narrow range. With this proportionality taken into consideration, mapping results obtained by biochemical and fluorescence methods are compared.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Blood supply of the rat hypothalamus. III. Anterior region of the hypothalamus (nucleus suprachiasmatis, nucleus hypothalamicus anterior, nucleus periventricularis).

The arterial and venous blood supply of the anterior hypothalamus was studied by means of double perfusion technique. The angiotopography and cytoarchitecture of the hypothalamus were compared on serial sections by accounting for the three-dimensional coordinates. A detailed description is given of the arteries and veins contributing to the blood supply of the suprachiasmatic, the anterior hypothalamic and the periventricular nuclei. The topography of the arterial and venous trunk on the base surface of the rat diencephalon is described, as well as that of the larger branches which enter from below and pass through the anterior hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The arterial and venous blood supply of the septum pellucidum in the rat.

The arterial and venous systems of the rat's septum pellucidum has been studied by means of the perfusion technique. The arteries may be classified into three groups. The branches of each of the three groups originate from the a. hemispherica and enter the septum from the frontal direction. The veins may be divided into an anterior and a posterior group. The anterior veins flow through the v. subcallosa into the sinus cavernosus, the posterior veins into v. cerebri magna. The arterial and venous blood supply of the individual nuclei of the septum are compar independent.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Corticosteroid receptors in the central nervous system of the rat.

Corticosteroid receptors were demonstrated in the medial hypothalamus, the hippocampus and the parietal cortex of the rat while no such receptors were found in the hypophysis, the amygdala and the anterior hypothalamus. The findings suggest the role of extrahypothalamic regions in the perception of corticosteroid feedback as well as in the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenal function and do not support the assumption that corticosteroids would inhibit corticotrophin secretion by acting directly on the hypophysis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Stress-induced ACTH release after removal of the hypothalamus in rats with atrophied neural lobe.

Twenty-four hours after isolation of the pituitary by surgical removal of the medial hypothalamus, i.e. in rats with pituitary island, E. coli endotoxin significantly increased the plasma corticosterone level. Atrophy of the neural lobe, due to pituitary stalk section performed one month prior to removal of the medial hypothalamus, did not prevent the increase of ACTH release by E. coli endotoxin. E. coli endotoxin-induced ACTH release in MBH-deprived animals does not appear to be a function of mechanisms operating only in the innervated lobe.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1975

A quantitative histological method for the identification of a nucleus in the brain. the perifornical nucleus.

Cytoarchitectonic characterization of the hypothalamic perifornical nucleus in the rat, has been attempted by quantitative histological analysis. Data are given on the volume, cell numbers and cell densities of the nucleus. The applied method proved suitable for the identification and clear separation from their background of individual brain nuclei and for describing in exact terms the cellular heterogeneity.

Animals↗