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Biomedical subjects

M P Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to M P Thompson.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Metabolic effect of alpha-and the beta-adrenergic stimulation of rat submaxillary gland in vitro.

1. Incubation of submaxillary-gland slices with isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulated glucose removal by 41% and decreased tissue [glucose 6-phosphate] by 50%. Propranolol blocked these effects of isoproterenol. 2. Phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, stimulated glucose removal by 35% and decreased tissue [glucose 6-phosphate] by 75%. In addition, phenylephrine also completely overcame the inhibition of pyruvate removal caused by acetoacetate metabolism and decreased tissue [atp] by 45%. Phentolamine blocked the effects of phenylephrine. 3. In contrast with beta-adrenergic stimulation, alpha-adrenergic stimulation required exogenous Ca2+. 4. These results explain the different metabolic responses of the submaxillary gland to adrenaline in the presence and absence of exogenous Ca2+.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1975

Metabolic interactions of glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline in rat submaxillary gland in vitro.

1. The metabolic interactions between glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline were studied in submaxillary-gland slices. 2. Acetoacetate (2.5 mM) inhibited glucose removal by 22% and entry of glucose carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle by 54%. 3. Acetoacetate caused an increase in (glucose 6-phosphate) together with an increase in (citrate), a finding that suggests that the phosphofructokinase step might be inhibited by the elevated (citrate). Support for this suggestion was obtained in experiments in which fluoracetate was used to elevate (citrate). 4. A further site of action of acetoacetate at the pyruvate dehydrogenase step was suggested by an increase in the lactate+pyruvate pool, and the finding that pyruvate removal and (3-14C)pyruvate oxidation were inhibited by acetoacetate. 5. Adrenaline, a stimulator of secretion by this tissue, increased glucose removal by 25%. Adrenaline increased glucose removal to the same extent when acetoacetate was also present in the incubation medium. In both cases the increase was accompanied by a fall in (glucose 6-phosphate). 6. Adrenaline also overcame the inhibition of pyruvate removal caused by acetoacetate. 7. The tissue (ATP) decreased by about 50% on addition of adrenaline, and a similar fall was observed in vivo after adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol. 8. Omission of Ca-2+ from the medium prevented the fall in (glucose 6-phosphate) and (ATP) caused by adrenaline, although adrenaline was still able to stimulate glucose removal. The inhibitory effect of acetoacetate on gluocse removal was reversed by adrenaline, but there was no stimulation above the control rates. Inhibition of pyruvate removal by acetoacetate was not overcome by adrenaline in the absence of Ca-2+. 9. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no effect on glucose removal or on (ATP). 10. Possible mechanisms by which adrenaline can bring about its metabolic effects are discussed.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The frequency and impact of violent trauma among pregnant substance abusers.

This research was conducted with 96 low-income pregnant women who enrolled in a residential substance abuse treatment program. The study had three goals: (a) to document the prevalence of exposure to violent trauma, (b) to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and (c) to assess if trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress were related to program completion. Results indicated that the sample had high rates of exposure to violent trauma, as 72% had experienced sexual assault, 67% had experienced physical assault, and 68% had experienced indirect violent trauma. High rates of traumatic stress were found in that 62% displayed symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finally, logistic regression analyses revealed that traumatic stress, but not trauma exposure, was related to program completion. Findings suggest that treatment providers need to assess trauma histories and traumatic stress symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for suicide attempts among low-income women with a history of alcohol problems.

This study used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine nine risk factors for suicide attempts among 80 women (51 attempters, 29 controls) with a history of alcohol problems who were recruited from a large, inner-city hospital. Prior studies established that each of the examined factors increased the risk for suicidal behavioral, but these studies have varied according to whether or not they consisted exclusively of persons with alcohol problems. Whereas eight of the nine factors were bivariately associated with suicide attempt status in this study, only three factors (hopelessness, recent interpersonal loss, childhood trauma) remained significant in the multivariate analysis. These findings illuminate the importance of using multivariate analyses when aiming to identify factors that uniquely increase the risk for suicidal behavior among persons with alcohol problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attributions for the development of substance addiction among participants in a 12-step oriented treatment program.

Attributions for the development of substance addiction problems were collected at admission (Time 1) and two months later (Time 2) for 103 participants in a residential treatment program. These attributions were grouped into personal, parental, and societal causation measures. At both Times 1 and 2, participants perceived personal causes as being more responsible for their substance addictions than were parental and social causes. Additionally, personal causes were perceived as being more responsible, and societal causes were perceived as being less responsible, at Time 2 relative to Time 1. Moreover, after controlling for the Time 1 measures, societal causation at Time 2 was positively related to depression and negatively related to treatment completion. Thus, participants accepted more responsibility as they progressed through treatment, which in turn was associated with higher levels of psychological functioning and treatment completion. These findings have meaningful implications, especially if replicated in other treatment settings with research that employs an experimental design.

Adult↗