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Biomedical subjects

M P McCabe

Publications and source records attributed to M P McCabe.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The influence of societal factors on female body image.

This study was designed to identify factors associated with the perceptual and attitudinal components of female body image. The influence of society and factors thought to mediate the relationship between body image and society (field dependence, locus of control, and self-esteem) were investigated. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also included as independent variables. A total of 101 female university students in Australia ranging in age from 18 to 55 years (M = 24.11) participated in the study. A video camera apparatus (VCA) was used to assess perceptual distortion of body size. The VCA, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Appearance Evaluation subscale of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire were used to assess body satisfaction. On average, women underestimated their body sizes by 4%, and they typically wanted to be smaller than their actual body sizes. About two fifths of the women expressed moderate to strong negative feelings about both individual body parts and their bodies as a whole. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perceptual distortion of body size could not be predicted from the independent variables. Body satisfaction was best explained by societal factors, self-esteem, and BMI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Intimacy and quality of life among sexually dysfunctional men and women.

This study evaluated the associations between intimacy, quality of life, and sexual dysfunction in men and women. Participants were 145 sexually functional (43 men, 102 women) adults drawn from the general population and 198 sexually dysfunctional (114 men, 84 women) adults who came to a university sexual behavior clinic. All respondents were currently involved in a heterosexual relationship. Respondents completed a series of questionnaires to evaluate the level of intimacy in their relationships, their quality of life, and their level of sexual dysfunction. All aspects of intimacy were lower among sexually dysfunctional men than among sexually functional men for all subgroups of dysfunctionality (premature ejaculation, erectile failure, and lack of sexual desire). Levels of intimacy were less likely to discriminate between functional and dysfunctional women, with functional women only obtaining higher intimacy scores than each of the dysfunctional groups of women (inorgasmia, lack of arousal, lack of sexual desire) for social intimacy and recreational intimacy and, to a lesser extent, for sexual intimacy. Objective levels of quality of life as well as the satisfaction and importance of the quality of life domains were more likely to be lower when sexually dysfunctional women were compared with their functional counterparts than when sexually dysfunctional men were compared with their functional counterparts. The implications of these findings for an understanding of factors that contribute to sexual dysfunction, and the treatment of these disorders, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sex education programs for people with mental retardation.

Data relating to sexual knowledge, needs, and experience of people with mental retardation and attitudes of caregivers and parents were evaluated. Results suggest that individuals with mental retardation have an unmet need for sexual knowledge, which has occurred, in part, because of the largely negative attitudes of caregivers and parents about the sexuality of these individuals. Their sexuality is either ignored or perceived as a problem. Available sex education programs are generally concerned with providing information on a limited range of subjects, with no assessments of individuals' needs or of reliability, validity, or effectiveness of programs. Adequate sex education must be provided to protect the rights of this population.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of therapeutic programs for the treatment of secondary inorgasmia in women.

This paper is concerned with a review and evaluation of programs for the treatment of secondary inorgasmia in women. Treatments address a wide range of factors. They include medical and psychiatric disorders, lack of sexual knowledge and communication between partners, marital disharmony, sexual anxiety, and performance anxiety. These treatment approaches are evaluated, along with the effectiveness of Masters and Johnson's therapy, and the many variants of this approach. The use of erotic fantasy in the treatment of this condition is also discussed. Conclusions are limited by the nature of research in this area. It is essentially clinical in form. Often it fails to define the characteristics of the conditions that are required to assess contributing factors, treatment strategies, and pre- and posttreatment measures.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Women's experience of the menstrual cycle.

The present study was concerned with the evaluation of a number of factors which have claimed to be associated with women's experience of the menstrual cycle. The experience was assessed by obtaining self-report measures of mood, sexual arousal and attribution about feelings among women. These factors were related to cycle phase, awareness of phase and number and severity of symptoms. The results indicated that there were no significant differences among the phase groups in strength of mood or number and severity of symptoms. There was a positive relationship between number and severity of symptoms and strength of mood. The results suggest that both culturally held attitudes towards menstruation and biological events should be considered in any explanation of a woman's experience of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Intercorrelations among general arousability, emerging and current sexual desire, and severity of sexual dysfunction in women.

Intercorrelations among general trait arousability, emerging sexual desire, current sexual desire, lack of sexual desire perceived as a problem, and sexual dysfunction were assessed in 65 women currently involved in marital or de facto heterosexual relationships. The Stimulus Screening Test was used to measure general arousability and the Assessment of Sexual Function and Dysfunction Questionnaire was used to measure emerging sexual desire, current sexual desire lack of sexual desire, and sexual dysfunction. Analysis showed that arousability was positively associated with current levels of sexual desire which was negatively associated with sexual dysfunction. There was a curvilinear relationship between arousability and sexual dysfunction, with women experiencing both high and low levels of arousability being more likely to score higher on measures of sexual dysfunction than those experiencing medium levels of arousal. The possible implications of these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Body percept change in obese females after weight reduction therapy.

Video-image representations of body size were measured on a television monitor that was modified to give a display continuum that ranged from 50% under- to 50% over-estimation of objective size. Sixty-eight females who were undergoing weight reduction counseling were measured before and after treatment. All Ss judged themselves to be significantly more obese than they actually were, with a tendency for errors to be greatest among the more obese Ss. After therapy, more realistic estimates of their physiques ensued. A drop-out rate of 23% was recorded; the drop-outs saw themselves as significantly more obese than those who graduated from the program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The sexual and affectional attitudes and experiences of Australian adolescents during dating: the effects of age, church attendance, type of school, and socioeconomic class.

The dating attitudes and behaviors of Australian youth were studied. Both sexual and affectional attitudes and behaviors were examined. The influence of the following factors was assessed: stages of dating, age, socioeconomic status, church attendance, and type of school attended. Psychosexual and psychoaffectional scales were used to measure dating orientation. Findings suggest that factors influencing sexual orientation are the stage of dating, age, church attendance, and type of school attended. Factors influencing psychoaffectional orientation are stage of dating, church attendance, and type of school attended. One important verification to emerge from the research was that the psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations were not opposite poles of a single continuum but were totally independent dimensions. It is possible to score high or low on both dimensions depending on past experience, present attitudes and the nature of the present relationship. Further, the male psychoaffectional orientation was not markedly different from the female orientation, as has been previously suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Change in unconscious concern with body image following treatment for obesity.

The Secord Homonym Test was used to elicit unconscious concerns about the body in one normal and two obese samples. The first sample of nonobese subjects was used to gather baseline data and also to examine the discriminant validity of the test as a measure of unconscious rather than conscious body concern. In a second sample of obese subjects a significantly greater concern with the body was observed. A third sample of obese subjects was tested before and after weight reduction counseling. Initial measures showed them to have similar levels of concern to the second sample; however, following treatment the levels matched those of the nonobese subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The influence of sex and sex role on the dating attitudes and behavior of Australian youth.

The present study was designed to assess the dating attitudes and behaviors of Australian adolescents. The psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations to dating are considered. The influence of a number of variables was assessed: the stage of dating, biological sex, and sex role of respondents. Subjects were drawn from varied backgrouds to represent the general population. The affectional attitudes and behavior of respondents were influenced by the stage of dating, the sex role, and to a lesser extent, the biological sex. Sex-types individuals were more restricted in their experiences than androgynous respondents until the committed levels of a relationship. The psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations to dating appear to operate independently allowing both sexes to experience either sexual and affectional behaviors during dating. When assessing dating patterns it appears useful to consider both the sex and sex role of the respondents, as well as their sexual and affectional orientations to dating. Our data suggest that this results in a more valid picture of dating patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Construction and psychometric properties of sexuality scales: sex knowledge, experience, and needs scales for people with intellectual disabilities (SexKen-ID), people with physical disabilities (SexKen-PD), and the general population (SexKen-GP).

This study reports on the development and assessment of the psychometric properties of three measures to assess sexual knowledge, experience, feelings, and needs. The first was designed to assess the Sexual Knowledge, Experience, Feelings, and Needs of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SexKen-ID). The two parallel measures were designed to assess the same areas of sexuality among people with physical disabilities (SexKen-PD) and among the general population (SexKen-GP). The areas of sexuality included in the scales were Friendship, Dating and Intimacy, Marriage, Body Part Identification, Sex and Sex Education, Menstruation, Sexual Interaction, Contraception, Pregnancy, Abortion and Child-birth, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Masturbation, and Homosexuality. Generation of the items in these scales is described in Studies 1-3. Study 4 describes the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the scales. Sixty-six people with intellectual disabilities, 54 people with physical disabilities, and 100 people from the general population completed the scales. Test-retest reliabilities were also calculated with 30 people with intellectual disabilities, 30 people with physical disabilities, and 30 people from the general population. These data demonstrate the good psychometric properties of the scales and so their simitability for assessing the sexual knowledge, experience, feelings, and needs of people with disability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a cognitive behavior therapy program for people with sexual dysfunction.

This article reports on an evaluation of a cognitive behavioral program for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Frequency data are provided on the sexual dysfunction of 95 males (mean age = 41.6 years) and 105 females (mean age = 36.4 years). The effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral program among 45 sexually dysfunctional males (mean age = 39.9 years) and 54 sexually dysfunctional females (mean age = 36.2 years) was assessed. The results demonstrated that, after therapy, respondents experienced lower levels of sexual dysfunction, more positive attitudes toward sex, perceptions that sex was more enjoyable, fewer affected aspects of sexual dysfunction in their relationship, and a lower likelihood of perceiving themselves as a sexual failure. The implications of these findings for the treatment of sexual dysfunction are discussed.

Adult↗