Malignant triton tumor of the head and neck.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M P Joseph
Publications and source records attributed to M P Joseph.
A new role for follicle-stimulating hormone in the regulation of calcium flux in Sertoli cells: inhibition of Na+/Ca++ exchange.
Elucidation of mechanisms regulating intracellular calcium levels in steroidogenic tissues is important for understanding control of cellular function. We have previously described FSH receptor-mediated flux of 45Ca++ into cultured rat Sertoli cells and receptor-enriched proteoliposomes via voltage-sensitive and voltage-independent calcium channels. In the present study, we report heretofore unrecognized inhibitory effects of FSH on Na+/Ca++ exchange in these two systems. An outwardly directed Na+ gradient, developed by preincubating Sertoli cell monolayers in buffer made hypertonic with NaCl, resulted in uptake of 45Ca++ that was unaffected by calcium channel blocking agents, ruthenium red or methoxyverapamil, but was enhanced by ouabain, a specific inhibitor of Na+/K(+)-ATPase. Sodium-dependent 45Ca++ flux into Sertoli cells was inhibited in a concentration-related manner by increased extracellular Na+ (up to 135 mM). FSH consistently and reproducibly (28.9 +/- 3.8%, 10 separate assays) reduced sodium-dependent 45Ca++ influx in the absence or presence of ouabain. A lesser effect on Na+/Ca++ exchange was seen when Li+ replaced Na+ in the preincubation buffer, and a marked reduction occurred when Sertoli cells were incubated in buffer containing KCl, presumably due to membrane depolarization. FSH-sensitive Na+/45Ca++ exchange was also observed when using FSH receptor-enriched proteoliposomes. Our earlier calcium channel studies indicated that FSH affects Ca++ entry into Sertoli cells via a receptor-mediated process. The results reported here demonstrate that the interaction of FSH with its receptor is associated with changes in Na+/Ca++ exchange as well, and suggest that this activity may also be involved in regulating intracellular free Ca++ levels in the Sertoli cell.
Animals↗
Extracranial optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy.
We examined 14 patients with acute, unilateral optic nerve injury after blunt head trauma. In each patient the optic canal was decompressed through an ipsilateral external ethmoidectomy. The patients also received treatment with dexamethasone during the perioperative period. There was no morbidity or mortality. Eleven of the 14 patients improved, including 3 of the 5 who could not perceive light preoperatively. Transethmoid-sphenoid optic canal decompression is a safe and effective treatment for indirect optic nerve trauma.
Adult↗
Brainstem facial-motor pathways from two distinct groups of stapedius motoneurons in the cat.
To determine the brainstem origins and axonal routes of stapedius motoneurons, we labeled motoneurons by injecting cat stapedius muscles with horseradish peroxidase. Some injections were made in normal cats and some in cats in which the middle segment of the internal facial genu had been cut. By tracing labeled axons and by comparing the locations of labeled cell bodies in normal and lesioned cats, we divided stapedius motoneurons into two groups: "perifacial" and "accessory." Perifacial stapedius motoneurons have cell bodies located around the motor nucleus of the facial nerve and axons which follow the classical course of facial motor axons through the internal genu of the facial nerve. Accessory stapedius motoneurons have cell bodies near the descending facial motor root and axons which ascend to the rostral tip of the internal facial genu, abruptly reverse direction, and then join the descending facial motor root. The sharply hooked course of axons of accessory stapedius motoneurons is similar to the course of axons from other accessory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VII. Our present results, with those of McCue and Guinan (J. Neurophysiol. 60:1160-1180, '88), demonstrate that cats have two groups of stapedius motoneurons which can be separated anatomically by the locations of their cell bodies or by the courses of their axons, and which, on the average, have different response properties.
Animals↗
Sebaceous carcinoma. Diuretic use, lacrimal system spread, and surgical margins.
Twenty cases of adnexal sebaceous carcinoma managed by contemporary methods, including monitoring of surgical margins, were reviewed. Eight of 20 patients were taking diuretic medications. The initial clinical diagnosis was incorrect in all cases, and 50% of cases were misdiagnosed by the pathologist interpreting the initial biopsy. The canaliculus was identified in 7 cases, and was involved by tumor in 3 cases. Tumor was identified in the lacrimal sac and inferior turbinate in an additional case. Thus, tumor spread into the lacrimal excretory system was documented by histologic findings in 4 cases.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma involving the lacrimal sac.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac was diagnosed in a 62-year-old woman who presented with epiphora and a fixed painless mass in the area of the lacrimal sac. Histopathologic findings included nests and islands of neoplastic cells in a fibrotic stroma. The tumor nests contained both glandular spaces and solid epithelial areas. Treatment entailed dacryocystectomy with silastic intubation and subsequent medial maxillectomy and ethmoidectomy. The patient was tumor free on 1-year follow-up. Clinical features, histopathological findings, prognosis, and management of this rare tumor are reviewed in this article.
Carcinoma↗
MR assessment of a hamartoma of the nasal cavity.
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Female↗
Kartagener's syndrome. A blinded, controlled study of cilia ultrastructure.
We investigated respiratory mucosa cilia ultrastructure in patients homozygous for the gene for Kartagener's syndrome (KS) and patients apparently phenotypic for KS who had bronchiectasis and sinusitis but without situs inversus. Parents, as obligate carriers of the recessive KS gene, were also evaluated among other control groups. The four patients with KS had significantly fewer cilia outer dynein arms than normal subjects or parents of patients with KS. Two of five patients apparently phenotypic for KS demonstrated distinctive ultrastructural changes. No other subjects demonstrated explicit ultrastructural abnormalities. Internal control specimens showed that the number of outer dynein arms was consistent within a subject compared with variation between subjects. The outer dynein arm serves as a dependable ultrastructural marker. Carriers of KS do not demonstrate distinctive morphologic cilia abnormalities. Not every patient with chronic bronchiectasis and sinusitis demonstrates abnormal cilia ultrastructure.
Adolescent↗
Number and distribution of stapedius motoneurons in cats.
Cell bodies of stapedius motoneurons were identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections into the stapedius muscle. Large injections were made in an attempt to label all stapedius motoneurons. To control for labeling of non-stapedial neurons resulting from spread of HRP, we determined the locations of brainstem neurons labeled by HRP applied to the facial nerve, the chorda tympani nerve, the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, the tensor tympani muscle, and the cochlea. In three cats analyzed in detail, 1,133-1,178 neurons projecting to the stapedius muscle were identified. Arguments are given which suggest that in these three cats all stapedius motoneurons were labeled. The labeled stapedius neurons may all be motoneurons because they all stain positively for acetylcholinesterase and have medium-coarse Nissl bodies. Most stapedius motoneurons were located around the motor nucleus of the facial nerve. Staphedius motoneurons were also found near the descending limb of the facial-nerve root, in the peri-olivary neuropil, and in the reticular formation with the ascending fibers of the facial-nerve root.
Animals↗
An assessment of grafts in the posterior cricoid lamina.
Subglottic stenosis is a recognized complication of prolonged intubation. To date, there is no uniformly successful operative procedure for severe subglottic stenosis, fulfilling the criteria of decannulation and a serviceable voice. The surgical ideals for such a procedure should include the use of autogenous grafting material, avoidance of internal stenting, and limited manipulation of the mucosa. This study was intended to assess the fate of isolated hyoid and thyroid alar grafts interposed in the posterior cricoid lamina. Additionally, anterior/posterior splits with and without anterior grafting were evaluated. Seventeen dogs were used in the determinate animal model. Vocal cord mobility was evaluated by direct laryngoscopy prior to sacrifice. Graphic gross anatomical specimens depict the effects of anterior/posterior splitting on the cricoid cartilage. Clinical correlations are suggested.
Animals↗
Alternatives to anterior-posterior packs for epistaxis.
This paper describes two alternatives to a conventional anterior-posterior pack for control of posterior epistaxis. Both methods involve occluding the posterior choana with finger-cot packs introduced through the anterior nares. These have proved effective in controlling bleeding with significant reduced morbidity.
Epistaxis↗
Epidemiology of high-tension electrical injuries in children.
Twenty-seven acute high-tension electrical injuries were seen in seven years at the Shriners Burns Institute. All were in boys 7 to 16 years old; 13 suffered amputation(s) and 2 died. Most accidents occurred when boys climbed utility poles (9), trespassed, generally around transformer substations (9), or contacted power lines when tree climbing (5). All occurred in daylight, generally between 4 and 6 PM, on weekends in warm weather with boys in groups. Preventive education directed to this high-risk population should illustrate properties of high-voltage electricity, effects on the body, and how to cope with peer pressures in unstructured time.
Adolescent↗
Ectopic parathyroid tissue in the hypopharyngeal mucosa (pyriform sinus).
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Heterotopic cervical salivary gland tissue in a family with probable branchio-otorenal syndrome.
Heterotopic cervical salivary gland tissue was found in a 4-yr-old girl with branchial and otologic abnormalities. Her mother and sister also had heterotopic cervical salivary tissue in association with anomalies that suggest the branchio-otorenal (BOR) syndrome. Heterotopic cervical salivary gland tissue may result from abnormal branchial development.
Adult↗
Angiosarcoma of the carotid artery: a case report.
Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, particularly in the head and neck region. A case report of an angiosarcoma arising in the internal carotid artery is described; such an occurrence has not previously been reported. The etiology, pathology, and treatment of this unusual tumor are discussed.
Carotid Artery Diseases↗
Inverted papilloma.
Two hundred twenty-three cases of inverted papilloma seen at this institution over a 35-year period were reviewed. The number of cases steadily increased over each 5-year period. Common presenting signs and symptoms, association with carcinoma, and results of surgical and radiographic treatment are presented. The pathologic controversy surrounding this disease is discussed, and an argument is made for including all pathologic subtypes and septal, lateral wall, or sinus cases in a common clinical grouping of inverted papilloma. Lateral rhinotomy was found to be associated with fewer recurrences and a better probability of cure than lesser procedures and is recommended as the standard surgical therapy. Radiotherapy was found to be a useful and effective adjunct in cases associated with malignancy or for multiply recurrent and inoperable benign inverted papillomas. Lifelong follow-up is urged.
Adolescent↗