[Experimental studies on dehydration in ruminants. I. Changes of clinical factors and blood characters in goats under prolonged water restriction].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Oya
Publications and source records attributed to M Oya.
The role of cholecystokinin octapeptide in the central control of food intake in the dog.
Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 1, 190 pmol/5 min) decreased food intake and water consumption in two models of ingestive behavior, i.e., food deprivation-induced feeding and insulin-induced feeding, when administered into the third (3V) and lateral (LV) cerebral ventricles. In fasted dogs, the suppression of food intake was more prominent after 3V CCK-8, whereas intravenously administered CCK-8 was without effect. Neuropeptide Y (NPY, 1, 190 pmol) had no significant stimulatory effect on food intake and water consumption in fasted as well as satiated dogs, and actually reduced both food and water intake in insulin-treated dogs. There was a slight but significant decrease in food and water intake after 275 nmol naloxone administration in both feeding models, and some of the dogs vomited. In insulin-treated animals, CCK-8 reversed, but NPY potentiated the hypothermic phase of temperature response observed after saline administration, whereas naloxone failed to alter rectal temperature. These results suggest that the effect of CCK-8 on feeding seems to involve central mechanisms in the dog, and that the mechanisms by which CCK-8, NPY and naloxone affect feeding behavior are different.
Animals↗
Mechanism of actions of cholecystokinin octapeptide on food intake and insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release in the dog.
We investigated the mechanism by which CCK-8 injected into the third cerebral ventricle (ITV administration) inhibits food intake and stimulates insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion in the dog. ITV administration of CCK-8 (4.08 micrograms/5 min) resulted in a significant elevation of plasma insulin and PP concentrations. This effect was abolished by truncal vagotomy and promptly inhibited by ITV administration of atropine (20 micrograms) and proglumide (10 mg). CCK-8 was less effective in increasing insulin and PP concentrations than in reducing feeding. Thus, 1.36 micrograms of ITV CCK-8 markedly reduced food intake to 14, 15, 29 and 31% of control values at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively. Atropine and naloxone (50 micrograms) had no blocking effect on CCK-8-induced satiety, whereas proglumide antagonized it. These results indicate that ITV CCK-8 effects the endocrine pancreas and food intake through atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive mechanisms, respectively, both of which are likely to be mediated by CNS CCK receptors. Intravenous CCK-8 also stimulated PP and insulin release, through mechanisms that were atropine-sensitive and atropine-insensitive, respectively. However, its mode of action, especially on insulin secretion, was quite different from that of ITV CCK-8. Therefore, exogenous CCK appears to act in the brain and the periphery in concert with and independently from cholinergic systems.
Animals↗
Physiological antagonism between prostaglandin E2 and neuropeptide Y on thermoregulation in the dog.
These experiments were undertaken to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) could suppress a prostaglandin hyperthermia in conscious dogs. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (5 micrograms), injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (ILV), evoked a hyperthermia of approximately 1 degrees C. Addition of ILV NPY (5 micrograms) significantly attenuated the PGE2-induced hyperthermia, whereas pancreatic polypeptide (PP), another member of the PP family peptide, did not. These results provide evidence for a role of NPY on thermoregulation in the dog.
Animals↗
Demonstration of placental aminopeptidase isozymes by disc electrophoresis and its application to the forensic pregnancy test from blood stains.
Serum and placental aminopeptidase isozymes were characterized by means of disc electrophoresis. Human pregnancy sera exhibited three bands with leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity. The fastest moving LAP band was also present in nonpregnancy and foetal sera. The other two cystine aminopeptidase bands (CAP1 and CAP2), characteristic of pregnancy, were demonstrated in lysosomal extracts and hence suggested to be derived from the lysosomes of the placenta. These two CAP bands of lysosomal origin appeared in sera of pregnant women at different times during the course of gestation; CAP1 band in the 3rd month and CAP2 band in the 6th month. The information obtained from serum samples was applied to the medicolegal diagnosis of pregnancy from blood stains. Excess haemoglobin in blood stain extracts could be eliminated by subjecting them to a P-cellulose column. The results and their implications were discussed. This technique proved to be of practical use in the examination of blood stains up to periods of about 2 weeks after stain formation.
Aminopeptidases↗
An autopsy case of food poisoning associated with Bacillus cereus.
An autopsy case of food poisoning probably caused by Bacillus cereus is presented. The patient was an 11-year-old boy who died about 15 hours after eating Chinese noodles. The main pathological features were acute nonspecific gastroenteritis and fatty degeneration of the heart and liver. Bacillus cereus was isolated and identified from the peritoneal exudate and intestinal contents. The cause of death is considered to be heart failure resulting from myocardial fatty degeneration.
Bacillus cereus↗
Forensic application of rapid analysis of carboxyhemoglobin in blood using an oxygen electrode.
Blood carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) levels in forensic victims were measured by a new and rapid oxygen-electrode method for successive determinations of HHb, HbO2 and HbCO. It was found that the method is applicable to old denatured blood when combined with the cyanmethemoglobin method. Methemoglobin (Met-Hb) in blood was also estimated by subtracting the sum of HHb, HbO2 and HbCO from total hemoglobin (total Hb.) Blood Met-Hb levels in six victims of city gas poisoning were practically negligible, while those in five victims of fire were 13.5-26.3%.
Adult↗
Liver damage in rats during acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Plasma leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) levels and respiration rates of isolated liver mitochondria were studied in carbon monoxide (CO)-poisoned rats sampled at respiratory arrest. An increase in LAP levels paralleled a decrease in the respiratory control ratio and the ADP/O ratio. The results suggest that the damage to mitochondria closely correlates with the liver damage in rats during acute CO poisoning.
Animals↗
A practical method for the accurate determination of methemoglobin in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin.
Kinetics of the oxidation of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) by potassium ferricyanide was studied photometrically in a weakly acid solution. An increase in the absorbance at 630 nm reached a maximum within 10 min when over a 100-fold excess of ferricyanide to hemoglobin iron was used. A slight decrease in the absorbance was observed after completion of the reaction when over a 500-fold excess of the reagent was used. In the presence of 0.4% Sterox SE, the absorbance began to decrease without complete oxidation. From these findings, a simple, rapid and accurate method for the determination of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) in blood was devised. The method was compared with two other methods, using 11 blood samples containing various amounts of HbCO, and proved to be suitable for blood containing elevated HbCO as well as for ordinary blood.
Adult↗
Hyperuricemia in rats during acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
The effect of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on plasma levels of uric acid and hypoxanthine in rats was investigated. Exposure to 3% CO caused respiratory arrest within about 2 minutes. The plasma uric acid level of CO-treated rats increased to 157% above that of ether-treated rats. When rats were exposed to 1% or 0.8% CO, the exposure periods until the onset of respiratory arrest were prolonged, and plasma uric acid levels at respiratory arrest were further elevated. Plasma uric acid levels at respiratory arrest increased with prolongation of the exposure periods. Under our experimental conditions, hypoxanthine or xanthine was not detected in plasma of CO-treated rats. These results are discussed in relation to the hyperuricemia in hemorrhagic shock or hypoxemia: CO-induced hyperuricemia can be attributed to the stimulated degradation of adenine nucleotides under tissue anoxia, and thus could be an excellent parameter of tissue anoxia.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin in blood.
The spectrophotometric method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in blood reported by Fretwurst and Meinecke was modified so as to give the same values of percentage HbCO (HbCO%) as those determined by the oxygen electrode method. Values of HbCO% of nine practical samples determined by both the oxygen electrode method and the present method were nearly identical regardless of the presence of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) in blood. The present method is suitable for forensic practice.
Adult↗
Direct fluorometric determination of cyanide in human materials.
A detailed procedure of a new simple fluorometric assay for cyanide in human blood, stomach contents and urine is presented. This method requires neither diffusion nor distillation of cyanide from samples; small amounts of the samples were directly added to incubation mixtures, which were then heated at 80 degrees C for 45 min and acidified for fluorescence measurements. Our method is much more rapid than the previous ones. Some data are presented on specificity and sensitivity of the present method.
Body Fluids↗
Zinc test as a new tool for identification of human seminal stains.
An extremely simple qualitative method for identification of seminal stains based on high levels of zinc in human semen is described. It uses reaction of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol with zinc to develop a deep red color. The data are presented on the sensitivity, stability and specificity of the present method. We can recommend it for identification of human semen especially in old or denatured samples.
Coloring Agents↗
Double replica electroblotting for the simultaneous phenotyping of C6 and C7, and its application to the examination of bloodstains.
A new reliable and reproducible technique for the simultaneous determination of C6 and C7 types is presented, which employs double replica electroblotting after isoelectric focusing. It permitted clear discrimination of both C6 and C7 components, and the patterns were nearly comparable to those demonstrated separately. The population data obtained by this new technique fitted the genetic hypothesis. The present double replica electroblotting method was successfully applied to the combined phenotyping of C6 and C7 from bloodstains which were stored at room temperature for up to 4 weeks. The method is quite suitable for medicolegal examination of bloodstains particularly for the saving in the amount of sample.
Blood Stains↗
Phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) types in the human hairbulb.
Phosphoglucomutase1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase types present in human red cells were also found in human hairbulbs. These phenotypes were detectable up to 2 weeks following extraction of the hair. The results are useful in medicolegal individualization of the human hair.
Electrophoresis, Starch Gel↗
A novel synthesis of sequential polypeptides.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Pancreatic polypeptide: marker for autonomic neuropathy but not for lean NIDDM.
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Adult↗
EUS-guided endoscopic resection using band ligation of oesophageal granular cell tumour: report of a case.
A 60-year-old Japanese man was referred for treatment of a polypoid oesophageal tumour. Radiographic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract disclosed a nodule with central depression in the lower esophagus. By endoscopy the nodule was yellowish and appeared submucosal. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic solid tumour limited in submucosa without lymph node involvement. Endoscopic resection using band ligation was performed under guidance by endoscopic ultrasonography. By histologic examination the tumour consisted of large cells arranged in nests. These cells had abundant granular cytoplasm and small round nuclei. They expressed S-100 protein and were CD68, and periodic acid-Schiff positive. No expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin was noted. The tumour was limited in submucosa. Findings were consistent with complete endoscopic resection. This report may be the first concerning an oesophageal granular cell tumour successfully treated with EUS-guided endoscopic resection using band ligation.
Biopsy, Needle↗