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Biomedical subjects

M Owen

Publications and source records attributed to M Owen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Extended care and nursing home staff attitudes toward restraints. Moderately positive attitudes exist.

1. The average score on the Restraint Questionnaire for Staff indicated that the extended care and nursing home staff members in the study presented had moderately positive attitudes toward using restraints. 2. There were no significant differences in attitude scores based on gender, position, education, or clinical experience. 3. Collaborating with another professional, especially a physician, was related to a more positive attitude toward restraints; this effect approached statistical significance. 4. Sixty-five percent of the staff could offer no alternatives to restraining a patient; for those who could offer an alternative, increasing staff size was cited most frequently.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Does HOME add to the prediction of child intelligence over and above SES?

The most frequently used measure of the educational stimulation provided by the child's home environment is socioeconomic status (SES). Because SES is a global measure, researchers have developed measures that provide more detailed information. One of these is the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), (Caldwell & Bradley, 1984). Our research examined whether HOME adds to the predictability of child intelligence beyond that provided by SES. Subjects were 121 3-year-olds, Black and White, who were administered the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. HOME and Hollingshead SES scores were obtained at age 2. HOME added to the predictability of intelligence over and above that provided by SES for the total group of children and for White children but not for Black children. The predictive utility of HOME also depended on the type of intelligence test being used.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

The dopamine D3 receptor gene: no association with bipolar affective disorder.

Bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia share many clinical and genetic characteristics, and are thought by some to be different expressions of the same underlying disorder. A recent study showed an excess of homozygosity at a BalI polymorphism in the dopamine D3 receptor gene in schizophrenic patients compared with controls, from two independent centres. We have found no evidence of such an excess in a comparable sample of patients with bipolar affective disorder compared with matched controls. If these findings are confirmed then at least one genetic distinction between these two disorders will have been ascertained and doubt cast upon theories of a common genetic aetiology.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Patient and family perceptions of restraints.

Based on a holistic philosophy that aging persons' most primary need is that of autonomy and freedom, this qualitative descriptive study examined patients' and their family members' perceptions of the restraint procedure. Twenty-five restrained patients were interviewed, and 19 of their family members completed mailed surveys to describe their perceptions about restraints. Results indicated that the majority of patients (52%) expressed negative feelings about being restrained. Family members expressed a wide variety of feelings and were ambivalent about seeing a loved one restrained. Implications are that nursing needs to become committed to the philosophy of autonomy and freedom for elderly persons.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of three-year-olds with the Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition.

The Stanford-Binet, Fourth Edition was normed for children 30 months of age and older, but its usefulness with young children (e.g., 36 months) has received little attention. This study of 121 three-year-old children examined possible administration problems, provided correlations with three environmental measures, and compared scores with those of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Revised. Problems of administration did arise on some subtests, correlations with environmental measures were moderate, and scores on the Stanford-Binet IV and PPVT-R were moderately correlated. The Stanford-Binet IV is a useful test in assessment of a broad range of intellectual abilities.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Institutional policy: use of restraints in extended care and nursing homes.

1. The percentage of patients restrained on these nursing home and extended care units was 32%, similar to that for other nursing home studies. 2. The archetypical restrained patient was older, new on the unit, had altered thought processes and a high potential for injury, and required extensive nursing care. Typically, the type of restraint a patient wore was a vest posey, on the day shift while in his room. 3. The most frequent rationale given by nurses for applying restraints was to prevent patient falls; however, half the time, this rationale was not charted. 4. Upon examining institutional restraint policy, nurses should be prepared to implement changes in documentation format, provide staff education regarding restraint use and alternatives available, institute a rehabilitative and restorative nursing care and fall prevention program, redesign the physical environment, and designate adequate resources for an effective diversion activity program.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Linkage is excluded between Darier's disease and the Duffy blood group locus in five British families.

Munro and colleagues (Ann Génét, 1992, 35, 157-160) found small positive lod scores for linkage between the genes for Darier's disease and the Duffy blood locus in two large British families, with a maximum lod score in one family of 0.807 at theta = 0.0. The authors have examined five independent British pedigrees multiply affected by Darier's disease using highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers tightly linked to the Duffy locus. They were able to exclude close linkage between the Darier gene and CRP for theta < or = 0.16 and between the Darier gene and D1S104 for theta < or = 0.12. We conclude that the gene for Darier's disease does not lie close to the Duffy locus.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis of a functional anti-phytochrome single-chain Fv protein in transgenic tobacco.

We have expressed a synthetic gene that encodes an antigen-binding single-chain FV protein (scFV) in transgenic tobacco plants. The scFV gene was created by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the variable domain coding regions from a mouse monoclonal hybridoma cell line. The monoclonal cell line secretes an IgG1 antibody that binds to the plant regulatory photoreceptor protein, phytochrome. The cloned scFV gene was expressed initially in Escherichia coli and shown to produce a 28 kD, phytochrome-binding binding scFV protein. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the scFV gene were also found to produce a functional scFV protein, and seeds from transgenic R1 progeny displayed aberrant phytochrome-dependent germination. The scFV from transgenic tobacco could be isolated, to near homogeneity, by a single phytochrome-Sepharose affinity chromatography step.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Linkage study of schizophrenia with markers on chromosome 11 in two Japanese pedigrees.

We examined the linkage between schizophrenia and DNA markers on chromosome 11 in two Japanese pedigrees. Thirty individuals from the two pedigrees were genotyped at the eleven polymorphisms (eight loci) studied. Data were analyzed according to three models, representing a range of single gene models from near dominant to an intermediate model. For all markers, except those at the D11S35 locus, there is no evidence for the linkage. Positive LOD scores between 1 and 1.5 are obtained for some genetic models with the polymorphism at D11S35. Two point scores for the broad diagnostic model and for the intermediate parameter set peak at 1.49.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1992

No evidence for a pseudoautosomal locus for schizophrenia. Linkage analysis of multiply affected families.

Evidence for a pseudoautosomal locus for a schizophrenia susceptibility gene was sought by two forms of analysis of 25 multiply affected families. Firstly, in the sample as a whole there was an excess of same-sex over mixed-sex siblings compared with that expected. Secondly, linkage analysis was performed in six of the families. The genotypes were studied for DXYS14, a highly polymorphic marker in the telomeric pseudoautosomal region. No evidence for positive linkage was found with two-point analysis under eight different genetic models for the mode of transmission. A non-parametric, sibling-pair analysis also failed to detect linkage. Our findings provide no evidence for linkage within the pseudoautosomal region; same-sex concordance must arise from some other mechanism.

Blotting, Southern↗