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Biomedical subjects

M Owada

Publications and source records attributed to M Owada.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Clinical characteristics of non-immune-mediated, idiopathic type 1 (type 1B) diabetes mellitus in Japanese children and adolescents.

To clarify the characteristics of idiopathic type 1 (type 1B) diabetes mellitus (DM), we compared the clinical features of immune-mediated type 1 (type 1A) DM and type 1B DM in 85 Japanese children and adolescents with DM. The prevalence of type 1B DM was 16.5%. The patients with type 1B DM were significantly younger at diagnosis and had a higher frequency of preceding viral infection before onset, compared to those with type 1A DM. They displayed more severe metabolic decompensation with a higher frequency of ketoacidosis at diagnosis than patients with type 1A DM. They had strong, HLA-defined genetic susceptibility, similar to that in type 1A DM. Some patients with type 1B DM exhibited a remarkably abrupt onset and rapid loss of beta-cell capacity. From these findings, it is considered that type 1B DM differs from type 1A DM with respect to age at onset and the trigger event, such as viral infection, leading to rapid destruction of beta-cells without autoimmunity in the etiology of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effect of age on renal functional and orthostatic vascular response in healthy men.

1. Few studies have been reported concerning the effect of ageing on renal functional and vascular responses to various stresses during ordinary life. In the present study, we examined the effect of age on changes in renal sodium handling and renal vascular resistance (RVR) in response to standing from a supine position in subjects with normal renal function. 2. We selected 43 healthy males in the second through to the seventh decade of life and gave them a constant dietary sodium intake before the study period. Renal function was estimated by standard clearance methods with the subject in a state of euvolaemia. 3. The mean daily urinary excretion of sodium was 236 +/- 22 mEq. Standing from a supine position was associated with significant decreases (P < 0.0001) in creatinine clearance (from 125 +/- 18 to 117 +/- 19 mL/min per 1.73 m2), sodium excretion (from 178 +/- 29 to 97 +/- 23 microEq/min) and fractional excretion of sodium (from 1.02 +/- 0.19 to 0.60 +/- 0.13%). A significant increase (P < 0.0001) in the RVR index (from 0.11 +/- 0.03 to 0.14 +/- 0.04 units) was noted. Univariate analysis indicated that while the change in RVR associated with standing was significantly diminished (P < 0.05) in older subjects, orthostatic changes in other parameters associated with standing were minimally influenced by age. 4. In conclusion, although the renal vascular response is impaired in advanced age, the renal functional response to orthostasis is otherwise maintained in healthy elderly subjects under conditions of normal sodium intake and clinical euvolaemia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Successful steroid therapy for cefdinir-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with progressive renal failure.

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of renal dysfunction that continued to progress even after withdrawal of cefdinir, the presumed cause of acute renal failure. Renal histologic findings included interstitial fibrosis accompanied by moderate lymphocytic infiltration, and tubular atrophy with reduced numbers of epithelial cells. Mesangial cells and glomerular basement membranes were nearly normal. Scintigraphy with 67gallium disclosed diffuse abnormal accumulation in both kidneys. A lymphocyte stimulation test with cefdinir was positive. The patient was diagnosed with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by cefdinir. Serum creatinine concentrations continued to rise after withdrawal of the drug, but steroid therapy was effective in normalizing renal function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis: a case with Graves' disease and exceptionally tall stature.

A case of 46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis with very tall stature was investigated. The 24-year-old, phenotypically female patient consulted our clinic because of linear growth persisting into adulthood. The patient was found to have no mutation or deletion of a sex-determining region of the Y chromosome, and also was found to have Graves' disease. Growth was arrested with height remaining at 187 cm after normalization of the thyroid function by treatment with an antithyroid agent, although follow-up to monitor growth was limited to 3 months. In some cases of gonadal dysgenesis, then, Graves' disease may contribute to an abnormally tall stature.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Cystic fibrosis].

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Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed2001

[Cystinuria].

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Cystinuria↗
PubMed2000

Taste preferences and feeding behaviour in children with phenylketonuria on a semisynthetic diet.

UNLABELLED: Low-phenylalanine formula for phenylketonuria (PKU) made from free amino acids as a protein source (AAM formula) has a poor taste and smell. We developed a more palatable formula using low-phenylalanine peptide (LPP) as a protein source. Palatability tests performed by 41 healthy adults confirmed that the palatability of LPP formula was significantly better than that of AAM formula. A group of 48 patients with PKU who had been administered AAM formula since the newborn period were assessed for their preference between the AAM and LPP formulae and their feeding behaviour was compared to that in healthy children. Of patients, 90.9% and 66.6% of healthy infants less than 18 months of age took both formulae without apparent preference, suggesting that sensitivity to taste and smell is more immature in infancy than in later life. Of patients with PKU aged between 18 months and 11 years, 29.1% liked AAM formula rather than the LPP formula, while 66.7% took both formulae without apparent preference. Most healthy children in the same age group who had never previously tasted therapeutic formulae disliked it, although they tended to prefer the LPP formula. Of patients aged between 11 and 17 years, 84.6% preferred the LPP formula while 15.4% preferred the AAM formula. In the controls of this age group, 33% disliked therapeutic formulae, but they tended to prefer the LPP formula. CONCLUSION: In some young children with phenylketonuria the characteristic taste of amino acid mixture formula encountered in early life is considered to be imprinted and remains as a preference for a long time. Since school children with phenylketonuria usually obtain about 50% of their energy intake from natural food containing small amounts of protein, these patients are considered to have come to have similar preferences as healthy people which result from a waning of the imprinted taste of amino acid mixture formula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Risk factors and triggers of sudden death in the working generation: an autopsy proven case-control study.

In Japan, studies on the risk factors of sudden death in the working generation have been rarely carried out, especially among extremely rare cases of causative disease. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the risk factors and triggers of sudden death in cases whose causes of death were definitely proven by autopsy. We investigated the legal medical records for four years from May 1994 to February 1998. Out of 271 cases, 176 patients 20 to 59 years were enrolled as cases of sudden death in the working generation. Among these, 91 cases, 52%, could be analyzed by telephone interviews from close family members. Only one examiner undertook all phone questions to the case subjects. As control subjects, 1167 persons who consulted us for a health check were employed. Of the sudden death cases, the final diagnosis in 29 cases was coronary artery disease (31.9%), 18, acute cardiac dysfunction (19.8%), 6, other cardiac diseases (6.6%), 4, acute aortic dissection (4.4%), 4, cerebrovascular disease (4.4%) and 30, other diseases (32.9%). Through conditional logistic analysis, the following risk factors emerged as candidates: Long-term stress, history of heart disease, hypertension, chest symptoms, autonomic disturbance, short-term stress and a smoking habit. Short-term stress, autonomic disturbance and a smoking habit increased the risk of sudden death due to coronary artery disease. Long-term stress was associated with an increased risk of sudden death due to acute cardiac dysfunction. It was also demonstrated that autonomic disturbance and stress were closely related to the occurrence of sudden death. Therefore, to prevent sudden death, it would be helpful to identify subjective symptoms to relieve such stress in some way.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D supplementation on blood pressure reduction in a pseudohypoparathyroidism patient with high renin activity.

A 42-year-old man had biochemical and somatic abnormalities compatible with pseudohypoparathyroidism type I (PsHP) and also had high plasma renin activity (PRA). After 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) supplementation the systolic/diastolic blood pressure, assessed by 24-hour non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, was reduced from 145/96 mm Hg to 128/85 mm Hg with normalization of the serum calcium level and its related hormones, as well as decreased PRA. Calcitriol supplementation successfully reduced the blood pressure in this patient with PsHP and a high PRA, suggesting that calcium-related hormones and/or the renin-angiotensin system were involved in lowering the blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A novel mutation at a probable heme-binding ligand in neutrophil cytochrome b558 in atypical X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.

A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by recurrent bacterial infection caused by a defect of the oxidase. Both subunits are absent from phagocytes in typical X-linked recessive CGD patients who are primarily defective in gp91-phox. We report here an atypical case of X-linked CGD in which neutrophils showed a complete absence of O2--forming NADPH oxidase activity, but a small amount (about 10% of control) of both subunits was detected by immunoblot analysis. Spectrophotometric studies of the neutrophils with a recently developed sensitive method gave no evidence for the heme spectrum in the cytochrome b558, of this CGD. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis revealed a C to T transition replacing histidine at amino acid position 101 (His101) by tyrosine in gp91-phox. These results provide evidence that His101 of gp91-phox is the one of the heme-binding ligands of cytochrome b558.

Adolescent↗