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Biomedical subjects

M Ounsted

Publications and source records attributed to M Ounsted.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Proportionality and gender in small-for-dates and large-for-dates babies.

The head-for-weight indices of 420 small-for-dates (SFD), 338 average-for-dates (AFD) and 445 large-for-dates (LFD) babies were calculated. The mean values were highest in the SFD group and lowest in the LFD group. Significant differences were found between AFD and LFD groups for girls and both sexes together. Within each group the mean value for boys was significantly higher than for girls. The absolute difference between the sexes was about twice the difference between the SFD and LFD groups. In the SFD group no associations could be found between their proportionality by this measure, and the factors associated with their slow intra-uterine growth rate. 60.8% multiparae in the LFD group had previously given birth to relatively large babies. The mean index of the probands in this subgroup was higher than when previous siblings had been of average birth-weight. In all three groups the mean index was higher for babies delivered instrumentally than for those who had spontaneous vaginal deliveries. No differences were found for other perinatal risk factors.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of ration and regression methods for assessing the proportionality of newborn babies.

Index and regression methods of selecting babies whose heads are out of proportion to their body weight are examined and compared. The ratios head circumference3/birthweight and head circumference3/birthweightP (where P is a power found by regression methods) are used, and the regression of head circumference 3 on birthweight is calculated. The problems associated with all three methods are discussed, and the power index is found to be the most satisfactory method.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Delivery and development: to what extent can one associate cause and effect?

Data on 570 mothers and their children whose development was personally assessed from birth to four years were analysed. Strong associations were found between the incidence of fetal distress during labour, birth asphyxia, and delivery by emergency caesarean section. At the age of four years girls and children in the non-manual social classes were more advanced, developmentally, than boys and children in the manual classes. No associations were found between perinatal factors and total developmental scores; but highly significant differences were found between `at risk' pregnancy groups according to their method of developmental scores. In only one of seven handicapped children could the handicap possibly have been attributable to delivery factors. Case histories of two children illustrate the dangers and difficulties of associating cause and effect in individual patients.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Maternal attitudes to their obstetric care.

Advocates of 'natural childbirth' are many and vocal, but there appears also to be a group of women who are in favour of more active obstetric management. Preference for a subsequent confinement seems to be influenced by previous experience.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1979

Two abnormalities of glucose-induced insulin secretion: dose-response characteristics and insulin sensitivity.

To characterize the defect of insulin secretion in diabetes, the response to different iv glucose loads has been studied in women who have had gestational diabetes and are, by definition, latent diabetic (LD). Women who have produced a large-for-dates baby, but who were not known to have been diabetic (LFD), have been investigated to determine if they have abnormal metabolism. Both groups were found to have raised fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Only the LD had glucose intolerance, which was associated with a reduced first phase insulin response to all glucose loads with a decreased maximal secretory capacity (low V max). The LFD women appeared to include a distinct abnormality in which the beta cells had decreased sensitivity to glucose (high Km), with diminished secretory response to small but normal response to large loads. Whereas the LD probably have disordered beta cell function, some of the LFD women may represent the upper end of the normal range of the glucose "set" of beta cell function. Neither group had insulin resistance, as measured by the hypoglycaemic response to an iv insulin bolus. A woman who has produced a LFD, but who was not known to be diabetic, does not necessarily have a diabetic tendency.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Infant feeding.

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Animals↗
PubMed1975

The infant's self-regulation of food intake and weight gain. Difference in metabolic balance after growth constraint or acceleration in utero.

Methods of infant feeding, volume of milk intake, the introduction of solid supplements, and weight gain since birth have been studied in 191 babies at the age of 2 months. There were four groups: a hospital sample infants born to women who had been hypertensive during pregnancy, and infants who had been small-for-dates (S.F.D.) or large-for-dates (L.F.D.) at birth. Among bottle-feeders, S.F.D. infants took significantly more milk per kilogramme body-weight than infants in the hospital sample and hypertensive series; L.F.D. infants took significantly less. Within each group there was a negative correlation between actual weight at 2 months and milk intake per kilogramme body-weight. These findings are at variance with previous studies made on normal babies. Mean weight gain per kilogramme birth-weight per day was significantly increased in the S.F.D. series and reduced in the L.F.D. series compared with the hospital sample. Although mean milk intake per day at the age of 2 months was less for S.F.D. babies than for L.F.D. babies, mean weight gain per day was greater for S.F.D babies. In both extreme groups there was a tendency for breast-fed babies to revert towards the median faster than bottle-fed babies. These feeding and growth patterns of S.F.D. and L.F.D. babies suggest that there are powerful self-regulatory controls within the infant, and that the metabolic balance of S.F.D. infants is different from that of L.F.D. infants in the early postnatal months.

Animals↗