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Biomedical subjects

M Otsuki

Publications and source records attributed to M Otsuki.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Pancreatitis-like isoamylase pattern in normal persons.

On the assumption that a rise in the pancreatic type isoamylases may not necessarily indicate underlying pancreatitis, genetic studies of human serum and urinary amylase isoenzymes have been performed with the use of electrophoresis. Although the preponderant increase in the two principal pancreatic isoamylases Amylase-1 and 2 has been accepted to be a specific index of pancreatic involvement, 1.68% of normal persons had Amylase-2 with an elevated amylase activity (named "Dominant Amylase-2") up to the same levels as the major isoenzymes. Results of pancreozymin-secretin test and other laboratory findings of these persons with Dominant Amylase-2 were all within normal ranges. Pedigree studies confirmed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for this variant. The important of serial determination and pedigree investigations has been shown to distinguish normal persons having Dominant Amylase-2 from patients with pancreatitis without elevated amylase activity. The existence of an inherited trait of pancreatitis-like isoamylase pattern in healthy individuals must be born in mind before coming to a conclusion when amylase isoenzymes are used for clinical medicine, though preponderance of the pancreatic type isoenzymes in serum and urine has been revealed to be a characteristic finding in pancreatitis. Knowledge of amylase genetic polymorphism provides a scientific basis for amylase isoenzyme interpretation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of caerulein on pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion from the perfused rat pancreas (author's transl)].

Several investigations in vivo and in vitro have shown that gastro-intestinal hormones stimulate insulin secretion. However, the reports on the insulinotropic activity of pancreozymin are contradictory. The conflicting results are probably due to the fact that pure native preparation of this hormone has not been obtained in "physiologic" doses. In the present study this problem has been investigated by exposing rat pancreas to caerulein in vitro. Caerulein, an active decapeptide isolated from the skin of the Australian amphibia Hyla caerulea, resembles pancreozymin in chemical structure, including C-terminus. This active polypeptide of nonmammalian origin has been shown to possess all the biological activities of pancreozymin. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the significance of the interactions of exocrine and endocrine pancreas using perfused rat pancreas in vitro. Biphasic insulin release was demonstrated with caerulein at concentrations higher than 1 ng/ml. Insulin response of the first phase was proportional to the dose up to 1 microgram/ml. The second phase of insulin release was, however, almost constant, regardless of the concentrations of caerulein. Release of glucagon was stimulated by the same concentrations of caerulein which stimulated insulin release. Maximal response of the pancreatic amylase and pancretic juice output were observed with 1 ng/ml of caerulein. With higher doses, significantly less secretory responses were observed. The dissociation of the response to caerulein between endocrine and exocrine pancreas was found.

Amylases↗
PubMed1978

Clinical evaluation of the pancreatitis-like isoamylase pattern in normal persons.

Amylase isoenzyme analysis of serum and urine has been performed in 4001 normal persons and 500 patients with various disease using electrophoresis on thin layer polyacrylamide gel. Although elevation of amylase activity in amylase-1 and 2 has been reported to be the specific findings in patients with pancreatitis, 1.69% of normal persons had an elevated Amylase-2(named "Dominant Amylase-2") up to the same levels as major isoenzymes (Amylase-1 and 3), along with Amylase-1. Pedigree study confirmed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for Dominant Amylase-2. Knowledge of the genetic polymorphism is of importance in clinical assessment of amylase isoenzymes in patients having an elevated Amylase-2 suggestive of pancreatitis. Predominance of the pancreatic components in serum and urine has been revealed to be a specific index of pancreatic involvement. However, the existecne of an inherited trait of pancreatitis-like isoamylase pattern in healthy individuals must be borne in mind. On the basis of the present study, it may be concluded that a rise in the pancreatic type isoenzymes may not necessarily indicate underlying pancreatitis, especially in the absence of elevated amylase and lipase levels.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Relation of electrophoretic pattern of amylase isoenzymes to severity of pancreatic disease.

Serum and urinary amylase isoenzymes were studied in an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of isoamylase analysis in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. The amylase in human serum and urine was separated into 4 to 5 distinct isoenzymes, which have mobilities consistent with those of the pancreatic isoamylases (Amylase-1, -2, -4 and -6) and the salivary isoamylases (Amylase-3, -5 and -7). The normal isoamylase pattern was Amylase-1, -2, -3 and -5. Amylase-4 and -6 could not be found in normal serum and urine. Amylase activity in Amylase-1 and/or -2 increased remarkably, having the normal isoamylase pattern, in the patients with elevated serum amylase activity after stimulation with pancreozymin-secretin or after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, in the patients with acute pancreatitis, salivary type isoamylases disappeared and only the pancreatic type components were identified. It seems that the appearance of Amylase-4 and disappearance of the salivary components indicate severe pancreatic inflammation and that the apparent specificity of this isoenzyme pattern affords a mean for conforming the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. However, the occurrence of an inherited trait in the pancreatic isoamylases of healthy individuals suggests that a rise in the pancreatic components may not necessarily indicate pancreatic disorders.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

The characteristics of amylase activity and the isoamylase pattern in serum and urine of infants and children.

Determination of amylase activity and isoamylase patterns were performed in serum and urine of normal newborns, infants and children of different ages. In the serum of newborn infants measurable amounts of amylase were present. The activity increased with the age and reached the normal adult level by approximately 8 months of age. Isoamylase analysis revealed that the low level of serum amylase in infants was mainly due to deficiency of the pancreatic-type isoamylase. The absence of the pancreatic isoamylase in newborns and young infants is a physiological and developmental phenomenon. Great caution is therefore necessary when amylase isoenzymes are used in the diagnosis of abnormal pancreatic function and such results have always to be interpreted in relation to the age of the child.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The nature and origin of hyperamylasemia following open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation.

The nature of the postoperative hyperamylasemia in 27 patients undergoing open-heart surgery was investigated. An increase in serum amylase activity was found in 56% of the patients. Isoamylase analysis revealed that the rise was in the salivary-type isoamylase in all of these patients. Since the level of serum amylase activity was increased in the postoperative state with prolongation of extracorporeal circulation, it is conceivable that cellular hypoxia due to inadequate tissue perfusion may cause disturbances in cellular metabolism with a release of intracellular amylase. The finding of the salivary-type amylase in normal lung tissue, transient salivary-type hyperamylasemia in acute respiratory distress and increased amylase activity of the salivary-type in serum specimens from the left atrium compared to those from the right ventricle suggest that the origin of the amylase responsible for the transient postoperative hyperamylasemia in the salivary-type is due to the amylase released from lung tissues under hypoxia during and after operation.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

Amylase in the lung.

Although elevated amylase levels in serum, pleural fluid, and extracts of tumor tissue in primary lung cancer have been reported, electrophoretic and column-chromatographic studies have not revealed the ectopic production of amylase but have merely shown an increase of amylase activity of chiefly the salivary type in these materials. The present study was designed to make clear the nature of the amylase or amylase-like substance in the serum, pleural fluid and tumor extracts, and to determine whether amylase might be produced ectopically in tumor tissues. Our data not only confirmed that the hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer was due to an increase in salivary type isoamylases, but also showed that the same isoamylase pattern occurs in serum, pleural fluids, and diseased lung tissue of patients with pneumonia. However, the elution pattern of amylase in these materials in column-chromatography on Sephadex G-75 Superfine was different from that of salivary amylase. On the basis of our observations, it seems reasonable to conclude that the salivary type hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer may be due to an increase in the amylase contained in normal lung tissues, resulting from activation and release into the blood stream by some inflammatory process. However, ectopic production of amylase was demonstrated in one particular case of primary lung cancer in which a high amylase content and a peculiar isoamylase were found both in the primary and metastatic lesions.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Chronic hepatitis: a follow-up study.

51 cases of chronic hepatitis were followed up by serial liver biopsies. 6 cases, all of which were of the active type, showed transition to liver cirrhosis within 5 to 10 months after the initial biopsy which had indicated chronic hepatitis. In 109 cases of liver cirrhosis, the antecedent acute hepatitis had been found within a relatively short period, usually 2 to 3 years before the establishment of the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Whether these cases which showed rapid transition to liver cirrhosis after acute hepatitis should be included in the group of chronic hepatitis or in another group remains to be settled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Electrophoretic pattern of amylase isoenzymes in serum and urine of normal persons.

We separated and measured amylase isoenzymes in the serum and urine of 3036 normal persons by electrophoresis on a thin layer of polyacrylamide gel. We wished to establish the normal pattern of these isoenzymes and to evaluate the usefulness of this method of electrophoresis in clinical diagnosis. Results for patients with hyper- or hypofunctioning pancreas and salivary glands suggested that essentially all the isoamylases in human serum and urine are derived from the salivary glands and the pancreas, and revealed that isoamylases of more than 98% of normal persons consisted of two major isoenzymes and two to three minor ones. Although these observations indicate that data on changes in the proportion of amylase activity of each isoenzyme can be useful in clinical medicine, the following points should be remembered: (a) quantitative differences in the isoenzyme pattern were observed, depending upon the condition of the samples; (b) because the proportion of isoamylase activity in serum of different normal persons differs, seriatim determination of amylase isoenzymes is necessary; and (c) because five different genetically controlled types of isoamylases were observed in normal persons, genetic investigations are also necessary.

Adult↗