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Biomedical subjects

M Osano

Publications and source records attributed to M Osano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Development of a heart disease screening system for school children and its results in the Tokyo area in 1980.

After the revision of the School Health Law in Japan the systems for heart disease screening for school children showed a great advance and the computerized devices for automatic evaluation of selected leads ECG and PCG were developed rapidly and have been improved in Japan. Two systems of heart disease screening for school children have been developed, that is, the Tokyo system and the "ECG-PCG for all children system". The Tokyo system utilizes a questionnaire, a physical examination by school physicians and a chest X-ray for the primary screening procedure and ECG-PCG for the secondary procedure. The "ECG-PCG for all children system" utilizes a questionnaire, a chest X-ray and ECG-PCG. The superiority of the ECG-PCG system was shown in comparison with the Tokyo system. Nearly twice as many cases of congenital heart disease were detected by the ECG-PCG system as compared with the Tokyo system, and many cases were disclosed for the first time. The "ECG-PCG for all children system" will probably be more popular in the near future in accordance with the advance of computerized systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime in neonates and immature infants].

Cefotaxime (CTX) was used in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections in neonates and immature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Mean serum concentrations (bioassay) 30 minutes after a single intravenous injection of about 20 mg/kg of CTX were 44.5 mcg/ml in neonates and 47.2 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 0-3 days, 45.8 mcg/ml in neonates and 56.4 mcg/ml in an immature infant aged 4-7 days and 40.6 mcg/ml in neonates and 38.1 mcg/ml in immature infants aged 8 or more days. Six hour values were respectively 10.9 mcg/ml, 17.0 mcg/ml, 4.6 mcg/ml, 13.4 mcg/ml, 3.8 mcg/ml and 2.7 mcg/ml. 2. Mean serum concentration half-lives were 3.0 hours in neonates and 3.2 hours in immature infants aged 0-3 days, 1.8 hours in neonates and 3.2 hours in an immature infant aged 4-7 days, and 1.5 hours in neonates and 1.6 hours in immature infants aged 8 or more days. 3. Urinary recovery rates were 0.8-78.0% for 0-6 hours after treatment. 4. Adequate clinical efficacy can be expected by the intravenous injection of CTX in doses of 20 mg/kg 2 times daily, every 12 hours, in neonates and immature infants aged 0-3 days, 20 mg/kg 3 times daily, every 8 hours, in neonates and immature infants aged 4-7 days, and 20 mg/kg 3 to 4 times daily, every 6-8 hours, in neonates and immature infants aged 8 or more days. 5. The clinical efficacy of CTX was good in all 4 cases of sepsis (including suspected case), excellent in 1 case of urinary tract infection, and good in all 4 cases of fever of unknown origin for a cure rate of 100%. 6. Adverse reactions were not noted in any cases.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

[Basic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in pediatric field].

Basic and clinical studies were made on cefmenoxime (CMX) in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activity of CMX against clinically isolated and maintained strains was examined. CMX had stronger antibacterial activity than CEZ against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but CEZ had stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. 2. The blood concentrations of CMX, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a one-shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CMX were 33.6, 15.1, 4.5, 2.5 and 0.6 mcg/ml, respectively, with the half-life of 1.04 hours. 3. The blood concentrations of CMX, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CMX were 32.0, 55.2, 8.4, 4.2 and 1.0 mcg/ml, respectively, with the half-lite of 0.96 hour. 4. A complete or partial clinical response to therapy with CMX was obtained in all 10 children with infectious diseases. 5. Bacteriological examination made on 3 patients showed that all bacteria had been eradicated, and that therapy was effective. The bacteria were E. coli in 2 patients and Proteus mirabilis in 1 patient. 6. The side effects produced were neutropenia, eosinophilia and skin eruption in 1 patient, and diarrhea in 1 patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical evaluation of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in pediatric field (author's transl)].

1. The dry syrup of MOM was administered orally to 17 patients mainly with heart diseases at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. In 17 cases, the serum level was measured and in 4 cases, the urinary excretion rate including the metabolites of MOM. 2. The mean maximal concentrations were 0.54 mcg/ml at 30 minutes for the group of 10 mg/kg treatment and 0.33 mcg/ml at 1 hour for the group of 20 mg/kg treatment. The dose response was not observed obviously in both groups. 3. In each of the cases, the sum of excretion rates of metabolites in the 24-hour urine was about 1%. 4. MOM was administered clinically to 39 cases with respiratory tract infections and the overall efficacy rate was 85%. 5. In this study, 5 strains of S. pyogenes were isolated and the eradication rate was 60%. 6. Although severe side effects were not observed, gastrointestinal abnormalities like diarrhea and vomiting were seen in 3 cases. 7. Any pediatric patient did not refuse taking.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[The experimental and clinical studies on cefsulodin in the pediatric field].

A new cephalosporin cefsulodin (CFS) was studied basically and clinically and the following results were obtained. 1. The serum levels of 25 mg/kg of CFS administered intravenously were 39.5 mcg/ml after 30 minutes, 22.6 mcg/ml after 1 hour, 11.6 mcg/ml after 2 hours, 6.0 mcg/ml after 4 hours and 2.1 mcg/ml after 6 hours. The half life from serum was 84 minutes. 2. Clinical response on 4 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were all good. 3. The slight elevations of GOT, GPT were observed by the drug administrations in 1 case. From the above results, CFS was effective drug to P. aeruginosa infections by intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg of CFS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotiam in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

The fundamental and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM) were performed in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. The peak MIC's of CTM against Gram negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus were 1.56 mcg/ml. The MIC distribution against S. aureus was almost equal to the conventional cephalosporin antibiotics. The MICs against P. pseudomonas and Serratia were over 400 mcg/ml. 2. The mean serum levels of CTM after bolus intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg were 59.9 mcg/ml after 15 min., 30.0 mcg/ml after 30 min., 15.6 mcg/ml after 1 hour. 3. Administration of CTM to 6 pediatric patients produced the clinical responses which were good in all 6 cases and the bacterial effects of eradication in 3 cases and superinfection in the 2 cases in the 5 cases from whom the organism were isolated. No side effect was observed. From the above results, it is considered that a bolus injection of CTM 25 mg/kg t.i.d. to q.i.d. is a safe and useful treatment for pediatric cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Detection of the cardiac anomalies before birth by cross-sectional echocardiography (author's transl)].

Cross-sectional echocardiography has enabled us to demonstrate foetal cardiac structures, however, only a few studies have been reported. This report deals with a recently experienced foetus with double outlet right ventricle )DORV) diagnosed by this technique, confirmed by angiography and autopsy after birth. A 24-year-old pregnant woman with 24 weeks foetus underwent echocardiographic studies to evaluate the foetal heart because of its bradycardia. The cross-sectional echocardiogram showed a quite abnormal finding; i.e., two great arteries arose from the single ventricle which had coarse trabeculations. This finding suggested either DORV or single ventricle. The foetus was born at 40 weeks as a girl weighted 3040 g, and cyanosis was not observed. At one month of age, she began to experience increasing cyanosis by crying, and admitted to Keio Hospital for further examinations. She was performed catheterization and angiography, and was diagnosed as DORV. Cyanosis and dyspnea developed gradually and she died at the age of 2 months. Autopsy revealed DORV, polysplenia and dextrocardia.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Study of cefroxadine in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)].

Basic and clinical evaluations of cefroxadine were carried out in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Cefroxadine 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 children with heart disease for the prophylaxis against infections before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 children comprising 23 cases of pharyngitis, 8 of tonsillitis, 13 of scarlet fever, 10 of urinary tract infections and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of S. pyogenes, 9 of E. coli and 3 of S. aureus. As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for diarrhea of 1 cases and eosinophilia of 2 cases. Furthermore, no children refused to take cefroxadine dry syrup.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1979

[Basic and clinical examinations of CS-1170 in pediatrics (author's transl)].

1. CS-1170 was administered for the purpose of prophylaxis during cardiac catheterization in patients with heart disease, and its blood levels were measured. 2. The mean blood level (Moni-Trol I standard) after one intravenous shot of 20 mg/kg was 53.6 mcg/ml in catheterized children aged below 6 and 66.9 mcg/ml in catheterized children aged above 10 at 30 minutes, and 1.95 mcg/ml and 5.2 mcg/ml respectively at 6 hours. 3. The mean half life of the blood level was 1.09 hours in catheterized children aged below 6, 1.37 hours in catheterized children aged above 10, and 0.71 hours in infections children. 4. The urinary excretion seemed satisfactorily high although there was a great variation. 5. The clinical efficacy was 88.9%. 6. The bacteriological efficacy was 100% for E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus and was 0% for Staphylococcus epidermidis. 7. Although GOT and GPT were elevated in one case as a side effect, they rapidly returned to normal after discontinuation of administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Study of S-6437 in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy, blood levels and urinary excretion (author's transl)].

S-6437 was orally given to 29 patients of 3 months to 12 years and 6 months of age who had respiratory or urinary tract infections. The daily dose used was 25 to 60 mg/kg divided in two doses. The following is the results of this study: 1. With 25 approximately 60 mg/kg/day, satisfactory results were obtained for upper respiratory tract infections. In lower respiratory tract infections, however, the effectiveness seemed not to be so good as that in upper respiratory tract infections. 2. Side effects such as diarrhea, loose stool, abdominal pain and eruption were observed but they were temporary. Therefore, the administration of S-6437 was not discontinued due to such side effects. 3. S-6437 was acceptable to elder children but some of children of 2 approximately 4 years of age disliked this preparation because it was not smooth in their mouths. Therefore, the preparation of S-6437 should be further improved. 4. Since it has been recognized that blood levels of cephalexin following the administration of S-6437 last for a longer period of time than regular cephalexin, S-6437 is considered to be a useful preparation. 5. B.I.D. and T.I.D. regimens of S-6437 will give clinical satisfaction to children over 6 years and ones under 6 years, respectively.

Administration, Oral↗