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Biomedical subjects

M Osame

Publications and source records attributed to M Osame.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Clinical electrophysiologic studies of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.

Six patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM) were studied by electrophysiologic methods. Upper-limb short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials showed slight delay of the N9-N20 interpeak latency in one of 12 limbs, while the lower-limb short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials showed prolonged N20-P40 interpeak latency in eight of 12 limbs. Frequent polyphasic potentials and occasional giant spikes were observed in the distal extremities. F-wave conduction velocity was delayed in some patients. Results of the other nerve conduction studies were unremarkable. Our data provide a valuable extension of the clinical examination of HAM and offer encouragement for a more extensive electrophysiologic study of this entity, especially in the spinal cord.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Chronic progressive myelopathy associated with elevated antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I and adult T-cell leukemialike cells.

Six adult patients had a chronic progressive myelopathy that possessed the following features: high antibody titers to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); predominantly upper motor neuron disorder, symmetrical, with mild sensory and bladder disturbances; and presence of adult T-cell leukemia-like cells in both peripheral blood and CSF. We refer to this entity as HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Electrophoretic studies of immunoglobulin G in CSF using Western blot analysis characteristically demonstrated p24 and p32 bands. Rates of intra-blood-brain barrier synthesis were determined and found increased in the patients with HAM. Corticosteroid treatment produced clinical improvement in all of 4 patients. A retrospective survey of CSF samples was carried out in 287 patients with neurological disorders, and 6 additional patients with HAM were identified.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: mitochondrial and biochemical studies on muscle biopsies.

Two patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy underwent morphological and biochemical investigations of muscle biopsy samples from the biceps brachii. Although clinically there was no muscle weakness or atrophy, specific histochemical and electron microscopic examinations showed mild but distinct myopathic changes, including abnormal oxidative enzyme activities, aggregates of enlarged mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal regions, and disruptions of myofilaments. Biochemical analyses of mitochondria isolated from muscle samples did not show and deficiency in respiratory-chain enzyme complexes or defect in content of cytochromes. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is assumed to be a multisystem disorder involving skeletal muscle also.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Waardenburg syndrome: a variant with neurological involvement.

A case of a variant of Waardenburg syndrome is reported. A 13-year-old boy with features of Waardenburg syndrome consisting of facial anomalies, heterochromia of the iris and fundus, and congenital sensorineural deafness had a marked mental and motor retardation and developed severe gait disturbance associated with neurological abnormalities including dystonia, muscular stiffness and peripheral neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed 'onion bulb' formation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

[HTLV-I-associated myelopathy].

Following our proposal of a new clinical entity, HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM), at least 270 cases have now been diagnosed in Japan. The geographical distribution resembles that of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Our laboratory has now identified 85 cases (27 males and 58 females aged 18-75 [mean 52] yrs. with age at onset 6-75 [mean 37] yrs.). The illness duration ranged from 4 mos. to 55 yrs. (mean 15.6 yrs.). Of the 85 cases, 81 lived in Kagoshima, where about 16% of the population have HTLV-I antibodies. Previously, we recognized a subgroup of cases who had frequent histories of blood transfusion, and from our recent data, 18 (21%) had the same history. The group with no history of transfusion was younger at onset of HAM (33 [SD 18] yrs. vs 49 [12] yrs.; p less than 0.05). From the latter, we have also recognized another subgroup consisting of 6 young cases (under 15 yrs.) whose mothers were positive for HTLV-I antibody titer. This group has been labeled mother-to-child or vertical transmission. Notably, the progression of symptoms was slower in the vertically transmitted group when compared to the group with a history of transfusion. We also reported the effectiveness of corticosteroids in 4 HAM cases and from the present data, 65 cases have been followed up for treatment response. Based on a 14-grade disability scoring, excellent response was noted in 20%, good in 37%, fair in 34% and no response in 9% of the total 65 cases. Compared with the vertically transmitted group, the group a history of blood transfusion appeared to have a better response to corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical and myopathological findings in polymyositis].

The present report analyzed a clinical and myopathological findings of 60 patients defined for the diagnosis of polymyositis. Patients were classified in four groups according to the system Walton and Adams. Forty five per cent were classified as Group I, 28.3 per cent as Group II, 15.0 per cent as Group III and 11.7 per cent as Group IV. Seven patients were associated with a malignant neoplasm and all of them were over fifty. The primary growth was carcinoma of the lung in 2, of the prostate, ovarium, stomach in one case each, and in one case a chronic myelogenous leukemia and in one case a malignant lymphoma. The female to male ratio was 2:1. Though cases were seen in all age groups, the largest number was in the sixth decade. The presenting symptoms and signs were essentially similar to those reported before. Proximal lower and upper limb weakness was the most frequent symptoms (91.7 and 83.3 per cent respectively). Other characteristic symptoms were skin changes, muscle pain, arthralgia and Raynaud's phenomenon. The CK was measured at the time of presentation in 58 of the 60 cases. Normal values were found in 18.3 per cent of cases. In general, muscle biopsy was performed in the first stage of the disease. A diagnostically abnormal biopsy was 55 cases (92 per cent), but 8 per cent of cases had normal biopsy. The characteristic changes in the biopsies from 60 cases were muscle fiber necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis, basophilia and increase of internal nuclei. We could not get a significant difference between the two groups. However all of the cases of Group IV had muscle fiber necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.

Adolescent↗