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Biomedical subjects

M Orholm

Publications and source records attributed to M Orholm.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Pulmonary disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All parts of the hospital system are expected to be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infected patients in the coming years. Many different processes cause pulmonary disease alone or in combination. Bilateral interstitial infiltrates are the most frequent chest x-ray abnormality and are most frequently caused by infection with Pneumocystis carinii. Cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma are the most important parts of the differential diagnosis. An aggressive approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in this patient population is indicated in order to provide optimal care and assess new therapies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Fibronectin as predictor of cirrhosis in men who abuse alcohol.

In a study of 142 male alcohol abusers without evidence of cirrhosis the presence of intralobular fibronectin in the liver was investigated in relation to the subsequent development of the disease. All 142 initial biopsy samples showed preserved architecture. During a follow up period of 10-13 years 23 patients (16%) developed cirrhosis. Twelve of 110 patients with normal or slightly increased amounts of parenchymal fibronectin in the initial biopsy specimen developed cirrhosis, whereas eight out of 27 patients with moderately increased amounts and three out of five with significantly increased amounts later developed the disease (p less than 0.005). Semiquantitative assessment of the amount of parenchymal fibronectin at an early stage of alcoholic liver disease is of definite predictive value for the development of cirrhosis.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the applicability of the SeHCAT test in the investigation of patients with diarrhoea.

For the assessment of ileal bile acid conservation the retention of orally administered 75Se-23-selena-25-homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT), a gamma-ray-emitting radioisotope-labelled synthetic bile acid, was measured by an uncollimated abdominal gamma camera in 89 patients with various gastrointestinal disorders and in 20 persons without gastrointestinal complaints. A significant differences in retention was observed between patients with and without previously detected ileal disease. However, it was not possible by use of the test to differentiate between the various types of diarrhoea. Hence the test is not recommended in the routine investigation of patients with diarrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A randomized general practice group-comparative study of femoxetine and placebo in the prophylaxis of migraine.

In a randomized general practice study, the prophylactice effect of femoxetive (a 5HT uptake inhibitor) was compared with placebo in migraine patients. Treatment, with separate randomization schedules in each practice, was allocated to 65 patients. Each patient was treated for 16 weeks with 200 mg increasing during the first nine days to 600 mg daily. No effect of femoxetine could be demonstrated in attack frequency and headache index. Separate analysis of maximum reduction in serotonin concentration during treatment revealed no difference in efficacy when compared with placebo. This supports earlier studies that femoxetine generally exerts no prophylactic effect on migraine, and the hypothesis that platelet 5HT might be of major importance in the pathogenesis of migraine is not supported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mortality of alcohol abusing men prospectively assessed in relation to history of abuse and degree of liver injury.

A prospective evaluation of mortality in relation to a broad range of alcoholic abuse and biopsy-assessed stage of alcoholic liver injury was carried out by following 315 men admitted to hospital for various medical disorders. During 10-13 years, 184 patients (58%) died, which, according to national mortality statistics, corresponds to a mortality ratio of 3.07. 43% of the excess mortality could be attributed to liver disease. Our results indicate that the alcohol abuse, irrespective of its magnitude and duration, is associated with a rather constant excess mortality and that the occurrence and severity of hepatic injury ranging from normal liver to active cirrhosis is directly associated with a subsequent liver-disease-related excess mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prospective evaluation of alcohol abuse and alcoholic liver injury in men as predictors of development of cirrhosis.

258 alcohol-abusing men, free from cirrhosis on primary liver biopsy, were followed for 10-13 years during which cirrhosis developed in 38, corresponding to a rate of 2% per year. The likelihood of cirrhosis developing proved to be independent of duration of abuse and of daily consumption before the primary biopsy. This indicates that the effect of alcohol abuse is not cumulative over time, but rather establishes conditions for the development of cirrhosis. The rate of cirrhosis increased stepwise with degree of steatosis in the primary biopsy, and in those with alcoholic hepatitis was nine times higher than in those with no steatosis. This finding, together with the results on alcohol abuse, indicates that steatosis and alcoholic hepatitis, despite their reversibility, are causally associated with cirrhosis rather than epiphenomena of alcohol abuse. In the alcohol-abusing man, a liver biopsy provides more information than alcoholic history about the likelihood of future cirrhosis.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1984

The diagnostic value of alpha 1-antitrypsin globules in liver cells as a morphological marker of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

In order to determine the diagnostic value of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) globules as a morphological marker of AAT-deficiency of the Pi-Z type, liver needle biopsies from a prospective series of 600 patients were stained with PAS after pretreatment with diastase and by indirect immunoperoxidase staining for AAT deposits. Serum AAT phenotypes of the patients were determined by means of isoelectric focusing. Thirty-two biopsies were from patients with the Pi-Z allele (31 MZ, 1 Z), and 568 biopsies from patients without the Pi-Z allele. AAT globules larger than 3 micron were found in 16 biopsies of which 15 were from patients with the Pi-Z allele (diagnostic specificity 0.94), whereas 20 of 26 biopsies with AAT globules larger than 1 micron were from Pi-Z patients (diagnostic specificity 0.77). Only 47% of the biopsies from patients with the Pi-Z allele contained AAT globules larger than 3 micron. Thus, although AAT globules larger than 3 micron are highly specific as a morphological marker of the Pi-Z allele, their rather infrequent occurrence in carriers of the Pi-Z allele indicates that all investigations concerning the correlation between AAT deficiency of the Pi-Z type and liver disease should be based on phenotyping of sera from all the patients.

Alleles↗
PubMed1984

Herald lesion of the urinary bladder.

The herald lesion of the urinary bladder is defined as an unspecific localized cystitis, eventually polypoid, in patients with symptoms from the lower urinary tract. The herald lesion is visualized by cystoscopy. Biopsies from the lesion show unspecific acute and/or chronic inflammation often accompanied by hyperplasia of the transitional cell epithelium. The herald lesion portends a neoplastic or inflammatory process in neighbouring organs. At our Institute of Pathology fourteen cases of the herald lesion were diagnosed during one and a half years. In 113 consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease no case of the herald lesion was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Colorectal spirochetosis: clinical significance of the infestation.

Mucosal biopsy specimens from 300 consecutive patients with symptoms requiring sigmoidoscopy were examined for spirochetosis by light and electron microscopy. Colorectal spirochetosis was detected in 15 of the patients (5%). Apart from the spirochetal infestation, the mucosa appeared normal with no inflammatory reaction. The spirochetes were eliminated upon treatment with neomycin and bacitracin, but the symptoms of the patients remained unchanged. It is concluded that in the present material, colorectal spirochetosis was without clinical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Intestinal spirochetosis: morphological characterization and cultivation of the spirochete Brachyspira aalborgi gen. nov., sp. nov.

The ultrastructure of spirochetes obtained from rectal biopsies of patients with intestinal spirochetosis was studied by means of negative staining and ultrathin sectioning. The cells were sigmoidal with tapered ends, 2 to 6 microns long, with a wavelength of 2 microns. Four flagella were inserted at each end of the cells. The maximal cell width was about 0.2 microns. The spirochetes were cultured on tryptose soy blood agar plates. They were anaerobic and grew, although very slowly, at 37 to 38.5 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2-95% H2. Two types of colonies could be distinguished. The growth characteristics and the morphology of the isolated spirochetes differ from those of previously isolated spirochetal strains. Consequently, it is proposed that the present strains constitute a new genus, Brachyspira, of the family Treponemataceae. The type species is Brachyspira aalborgi, the type strain of which is 513A (NCTC 11492).

Culture Media↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of ileal function by abdominal counting of the retention of a gamma emitting bile acid analogue.

In eight patients without gastrointestinal complaints and 30 patients with various gastrointestinal disorders ileal bile acid conservation was assessed by oral administration of 75Se 23-selena-25-homocholic acid (SeHCAT) followed by abdominal gamma counting (SeHCAT-test). The results of the test correlated fairly well with the clinical features and with the [1-14C]-cholylglycine breath test including faecal 14C measurements (breath test). Of the two bile acid absorption tests the new is perhaps the more sensitive and is the one most easily performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Femoxetine in the prophylaxis of migraine--a randomised comparison with placebo.

The prophylactic effect in migraine of femoxetine, a 5-HT-uptake inhibitor, was compared to that of placebo in a double-blind group-comparative study. A total of 59 patients, referred to the department from general practitioners, was stratified according to age, sex, duration, and frequency of attacks and then allocated at random to treatment with either femoxetine or placebo. Each patient was treated for 12 weeks with 200 mg in the first week and 300 in the remaining weeks. Ten patients on femoxetine and four patients on placebo failed to complete the study. Headache index as well as number and severity of attacks showed a significant reduction with time. The patients on femoxetine showed the greatest improvement over time. It was, however, not statistically significant. Direct comparison between femoxetine and placebo revealed no statistically significant difference. Three patients in the femoxetine group withdrew due to side-effects combined with lack of therapeutic effect. Other side-effects were slight and infrequent. They did not interfere with the treatment. These results indicate that femoxetine could be useful in migraine as a prophylactic drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among alcoholic patients with liver disease.

The aim of this investigation was to elucidate a possible role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the pathogenesis of liver diseases in alcoholics. Two hundred and fifty-three alcoholics with liver disease were admitted to two medical departments in Copenhagen during a 15 months period. Seventy-nine patients (31%) showed serological signs (HBsAg, anti-HBs) of previous or active HBV infection. This is a significantly higher prevalence than found in an age-matched control population. Among the 79 patients with HBV markers, a total of 11 was found to be HBsAg-positive. From these 11 patients liver specimens were available for re-evaluation in nine cases. In only three of these liver biopsies, morphological changes indicating alcohol as the aetiological cause were found. In conclusion, different or concomitant aetiology must be considered in alcoholics with liver disease.

Adolescent↗