Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Onsrud

Publications and source records attributed to M Onsrud.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Antibiotic levels in plasma and peritoneal fluid after amoxycillin, ampicillin, and bacampicillin treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease.

Fifteen patients with pelvic inflammatory disease had a thin polyethylene catheter inserted through the abdominal wall into the pouch of Douglas for sampling of peritoneal fluid. At hourly intervals peritoneal fluid and capillary blood were collected. Five patients each received a single oral dose of either 0.5 g of ampicillin or amoxycillin, or 0.8 g of bacampicillin (approximately equimolar doses). This highest median peak plasma level was observed after bacampicillin. Bacampicillin also showed less variation in individual plasma concentration. The area below the plasma curve was similar for amoxycillin and bacampicillin, whereas that of ampicillin was significantly smaller (p less than 0.01). The rate of penetration into peritoneal fluid was slower for amoxycillin than for bacampicillin, even though the area below the peritoneal fluid curve was similar for the two drugs. Therapeutic levels were maintained for 5--8 hours, longer after amoxycillin than after bacampicillin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Influence of in vivo hydrocortisone on some human blood lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Effect on natural killer cell activity.

The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone (OHC) on natural killer (NK) activity was studied using the K562 cell line as target in a 3-h 51Cr-release assay. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from five normal volunteers at 0, 4, 24 and 48 h after intravenous administration of 300 mg of OHC showed significantly increased NK activity at 4 h, decreased activity at 24 h, with a return toward normal at 48 h. Parallel variations were found in the fraction of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. However, neither the number of these cells nor the NK activity was influenced by the medication when the results were given per millilitre blood. In vitro preincubation of the effectors with OHC for 24 h had no effect on viability, expression of surface markers, or NK activity. It is concluded that under the present conditions NK activity is OHC-resistant. The variations observed after in vivo administration seem to be due to a reversible redistribution mainly affecting cells other than the NK effectors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Age dependent changes in some human lymphocyte sub-populations. Changes in natural killer cell activity.

Age-dependent changes in natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied using the K 562 cell line as target in a 20 h 51Cr release assay. Fifteen healthy, high-aged person (76-93 yrs) were compared with 15 sex-matched young adults (20-39 yrs). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from one aged and one young person were assayed simultaneously; and in 12 of the pairs the elderly person expressed the highest cytotoxicity (p = 0.008). When the NK cell activity was expressed as lytic units per ml of blood, however, no difference could be found between the two age groups. T enriched cells showed lower NK activity than peripheral blood lymphocytes, but the age-dependent changes were the same. The NK cell activity was positively correlated to the proportion of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. The numbers of both Fc receptor positive peripheral lymphocytes and Fc receptor positive T cells ( t gamma cells) were significantly elevated in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Influence of in vivo hydrocortisone on some human blood leucocyte sub-populations. II. Effects on T cell-monocyte cooperation.

The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone (OHC) on various in vitro T cell responses was studied in five volunteers. Four hours after the administration of 300 mg OHC intravenously, the T cell response to soluble antigen (PPD) was only slightly depressed - as was the response to alloantigen - whereas the T cell response to autologous non-T cells was nearly abolished. In vivo OHC caused a profound depression of the number of circulating monocytes, but those still remaining in circulation had retained their antigen presenting capacity. In vitro OHC-treatment for four hours prior to PPD stimulation did not affect the antigen presenting capacity of monocytes or the proliferative responsiveness of T Cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Radiosensitivity of non-primed and primed human T cells in vitro.

Primary and secondary proliferative responses to hapten (TNP)-modified autologous cells as well as to allogeneic cells, antigen (purified protein derivative) and mitogens were used for in vitro studies of the radiosensitivity of human T cells. To be able to compare data obtained from the various assay systems, optimal responding/stimulating cell ratios were used and the post-irradiation period kept constant. With these precautions, no difference in radiosensitivity of the various T cell responses could be found whether they were induced by mitogen, antigen, allogeneic cells or TNP-modified autologous cells. Neither could, on a per-cell basis, any difference in radiosensitivity between primed and non-primed cells be detected. At 400 rad, about 10% of the response was recovered in either case. The immunocompetence of the T cells surviving irradiation, as estimated by the ability to give a TNP-specific response, was not impaired.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1980

Perihepatitis in pelvic inflammatory disease--association with intrauterine contraception.

The Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS), or perihepatitis as a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), is readily diagnosed by laparoscopy. Among 274 non-selected cases of acute PID verified laparoscopically, FHCS was found in 38 (13.8 per cent). Twenty-four of the patients presented right-upper-quadrant pain and tenderness, while 14 experienced no local symptoms. Perihepatitis was found in a slightly higher frequency in PID cases of low age and in those using intrauterine contraception (IUCD) but the differences lack statistical significance. However, acute PID occurring within 6 weeks after IUCD insertion was associated significantly more often with FHCS (p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the traumatizing effect of IUCD insertion facilitates the spread of pelvic inflammatory material to the perihepatic region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Postoperative external irradiation and prognostic parameters in stage I endometrial carcinoma: clinical and histopathologic study of 540 patients.

From 1968 to 1974, 540 patients with stage I adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri entered a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the effect of postoperative external pelvic irradiation. After primary surgery all patients received intravaginal radium irradiation; 6000 rads was delivered to the surface of the vaginal mucosa. At the time vaginal radium was given, randomization was performed: Group A received no further treatment (controls); group B received additional high-voltage irradiation to the pelvic field with a dose of 4000 rads to the pelvic lymph nodes. During the follow-up period of 3 to 10 years a significant reduction in vaginal and pelvic recurrences was found in group B as compared with group A (1.9 versus 6.9%, P < .01). On the other hand, more patients in group B developed distant metastases than those in group A (9.9 versus 5.4%). Thus, the 5-year survival rate was not improved by external irradiation. A more detailed analysis of the series led to the conclusion that only patients with poorly differentiated tumors (grade 3), which infiltrate more than half the myometrial thickness, might benefit from additional external radiotherapy. In almost 20% of 151 consecutive patients, tumor cells were found in endothelial lined spaces. Significantly more deaths and recurrences were found among these patients compared to those without vessel invasion (26.7 versus 9.1%, P < .01).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Amoxycillin absorption and penetration in pelvic inflammatory disease.

Five patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) had thin polyethylene catheters introduced percutaneously through the abdominal wall into the pouch of Douglas for sampling of peritoneal fluid. At hourly intervals specimens were aspirated, simultaneously with the sampling of finger tip capillary blood. In both the concentration of amoxycillin was determined by the micromethod of Jalling et al. (1972). One hour after the oral ingestion of 0.5 grams of amoxycillin, a therapeutic level was recorded in blood plasma, the peak level being achieved in 2 hours. The concentration of amoxycillin in the peritoneal fluid showed some delay, mainly in the cases with a thick purulent exsudate, but the peak levels were similar to those in blood plasma. After a single dose of 0.5 gram of amoxycillin, a therapeutic level was maintained in blood and in peritoneal fluid for 7-8 hours. The drug was well tolerated and showed an excellent clinical effect.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CA 125--epitopes and molecular size.

CA 125 has two main immunogenic areas reactive with mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies. These areas are defined by the antibodies OC 125 and M11, respectively. Antibodies related to the main groups are named OC 125-like and M 11-like antibodies. The OC 125-like antibodies can be subgrouped into four sets, whereas the M 11-like antibodies segregate into many closely related binding specificities. One M 11-like antibody, ZR38, is not fully inhibited by any other M 11-like antibody and therefore represents a distinct subgroup. A single antibody, OV 197, is related to some OC 125-like antibodies, but not to OC 125. However, OC 125 enhances binding of OV 197 to its epitope. A new antibody, 7C 12, induces conformation changes, affecting binding of some M 11-like and some OC 125-like antibodies. CA 125 exists as very large molecules that can be partly disrupted by SDS and heat. The form found in serum might be a degradation product from a larger molecule found in the abdominal and other serous cavities.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in lymphoid cell distribution after intraperitoneal administration of 32P colloids.

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of 32P colloids on the distribution of T lymphocyte subpopulations and monocytes was studied using monoclonal antibodies and a flow cytometry technique. Thirty-nine patients with ovarian carcinoma without residual tumor after primary operation were examined either before the administration of 260 to 370 MBq of 32P, 4 to 6 days after therapy, or 4 to 10 months after therapy. A significant reduction of circulating OKT4+ (T helper) cells occurred after therapy, and the reduction lasted throughout the observation period. Monocyte numbers were not significantly changed. It is concluded that intraperitoneal instillation of the 32P isotope may induce the same type of changes in circulating lymphoid cells as those seen after external field irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Effects of intracavitary radium treatment on lymphoid cells in blood and pelvic lymph nodes.

Sixteen patients with early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with primary radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were compared with 17 patients who four to six weeks before the operation received intracavitary treatment with radium. The calculated radiation dose to the pelvic wall was approximately 10 Gy. The distribution of lymphoid cells in blood and pelvic lymph nodes was studied by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies. The radium treated group showed a significant reduction of circulating OKT4+ (T helper) and OKT8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes. The number of Leu7+ (natural killer) cells and 1D5+ cells (monocytes) was not changed, but the ratio between monocytes and T cells was increased after radium therapy. In cell suspensions obtained from the pelvic lymph nodes, the radium treatment induced a significant reduction of the OKT4+ cell fraction. It is concluded that this low dose rate regimen of intracavitary treatment induces changes in the immune system which are of the same type as those seen after external field irradiation.

Adult↗