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Biomedical subjects

M Ono

Publications and source records attributed to M Ono.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Releasing severe adhesions around the eminence and the synovial portion of the TMJ: a clinical study of combined treatment using hydraulic lavage, arthroscopic surgery and rehabilitative therapy.

This paper evaluates the effects of treatment with a pumping technique and arthroscopic lysis and lavage, followed by rehabilitative training, on condylar head mobility of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We studied 32 TMJs in 19 patients suffering from chronic closed lock with severe adhesion. The results were compared between cases with adhesions concentrated in two areas: mostly in the posterior and/or the anterior synovial portion of the upper TMJ compartment (11 joints) and mostly around the eminence (21 joints). The results showed a statistically significant improvement in condylar head movement for both groups between the initial and final stages of treatment. However, the results also suggested that patients with adhesion concentrated around the eminence are less likely to recover condylar head mobility to the same extent as those in the other group.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor improves blood glucose control and alleviates fasting hyperglycemia in C57BLKS-Lepr(db)/lepr(db) mice.

Systemic administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreases nonfasted blood glucose in obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic C57BLKS-Lepr(db)/lepr(db) (db/db) mice, with a concomitant decrease in body weight. By measuring percent HbA1c in BDNF-treated and pair-fed animals, we show that the effects of BDNF on nonfasted blood glucose levels are not caused by decreased food intake but reflect a significant improvement in blood glucose control. Furthermore, once established, this effect can persist for weeks after cessation of BDNF treatment. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to examine the effects of BDNF on blood glucose control in the fasted state and after an oral glucose challenge. BDNF treatment normalized fasting blood glucose from initially hyperglycemic levels and also showed evidence for beneficial, although less marked, effects on the ability to remove exogenous glucose from blood. One means to lower fasting blood glucose is to reduce the glucose output of peripheral tissues that normally play a part in the maintenance of fasting hyperglycemia. Because the liver is the major endogenous source of glucose in blood during fasting, and because hepatic weight and glucose output are increased in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the effects of BDNF on liver tissue. BDNF reduced the hepatomegaly present in db/db mice, in association with reduced liver glycogen and reduced liver enzyme activity in serum, supporting the possible involvement of liver tissue in the mechanism of action for BDNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Macrophage infiltration and heme oxygenase-1 expression correlate with angiogenesis in human gliomas.

Macrophages are key participants in angiogenesis. In this study on human brain tumors, we first investigated whether macrophage infiltration is associated with angiogenesis and malignant histological appearance. Immunostaining of macrophages and small vessels in resected glioma specimens indicated that numbers of infiltrating macrophages and small vessel density were higher in glioblastomas than in astrocytomas or anaplastic astrocytomas. Macrophage infiltration was closely correlated with vascular density in human gliomas. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, was also associated with activated macrophages. Expression of mRNA encoding HO-1 was correlated with macrophage infiltration and vascular density in human glioma samples. Infiltrating macrophages were positively stained with anti-HO-1 antibody by immunohistochemical analysis, and in situ hybridization for HO-1 indicated that HO-1 was expressed in infiltrating macrophages in gliomas. HO-1 gene may be a useful marker for macrophage infiltration as well as neovascularization in human gliomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Atherosclerotic and dissecting aortic aneurysms].

Atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm frequently contains organized thrombus on its luminal surface. Macroemboli or microemboli derived from fragile thrombus may cause occlusion of peripheral arteries. Although this ischemic symptom is seen preoperatively, it occurs more frequently as a complication caused by intraoperative manipulation. Of late, aortic dissection with clotted false lumen has been recognized as having unique characters with good prognosis. There is, however, no definite diagnostic criteria or treatment strategy for this entity. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a rare consequence of massive thrombus formation in giant atherosclerotic or dissecting aortic aneurysm. In this chapter, we will describe clinical signs relevant to the thrombus formation in these aortic aneurysms, and refer to key points of surgical treatment.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1999

[Epidemiological survey of ocular diseases in K Island, Amami Islands: prevalence of cataract and pterygium].

PURPOSE: An epidemiological survey of ocular disease was performed in a town of the Amami Islands in southwestern Japan. OBJECT AND METHODS: A total of 339 participants over 40 years joined the survey. Among the 339 participants, the lens findings of 602 eyes of 301 subjects were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of lens opacification was 32.0, 54.0, 83.1, 96.9% and 100% among subjects in their 40, 50, 60, 70 s, and over 80 years. Lens opacification over grade II was 4.0, 12.7, 26.2, 60.0% and 83.3%. The cataract type most frequently seen was cortical (96.1%), followed by 48.5% with nuclear opacity and 14.7% with subcapsular type. A high prevalence was seen of pterygium at 25.4%. Although the prevalence of lens opacification was higher in the group with pterygium in their 70 s, no significant difference was noticed in persons in their 40, 50, 60 s, and over 80 years old between the pterygium and non-pterygium groups. CONCLUSIONS: Similarly to the results of a previous survey in Okinawa, Noto, and Hokkaido, the main type of lens opacification was cortical in Amami. The prevalence of nuclear opacification and pterygium was higher than in Noto and Hokkaido, and close to that seen in Okinawa.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clinical significance of perfusion imaging of the left atrial wall and structures in its cavity by contrast echocardiography.

This study examined whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can visualize left atrial appendage myocardial perfusion using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with intracoronary injection of sonicated albumin. We also evaluated blood flow into normal structures (i.e. muscular trabeculae) and abnormal masses (i.e. fresh thrombi and myxomas) within the left atrium by MCE. TEE images were obtained with a biplane or multiplane 5 MHz transducer in 16 patients without significant coronary artery occlusive disease. Left atrial appendage myocardium was divided into 4 segments in both the transverse and longitudinal planes, and contrast opacification of each segment during MCE was visually evaluated by 2 independent observers. Visual assessment of contrast opacification of prominent muscular trabeculae within the left atrial appendage (6 patients), and of left atrial or left atrial appendage thrombi (4 patients), was also performed. The ratio of background-subtracted peak videointensity from muscular trabeculae or thrombi versus left atrial appendage myocardium was determined as corrected peak videointensity. In 3 patients with myxomas, contrast opacification of the tumor was visually assessed. Ninety-six segments of left atrial appendage myocardium were visually analyzed. Contrast opacification of the left atrial appendage myocardium was identified in 92 of 96 segments (96%, 95% confidence interval 0.90-0.98) by Observer 1 and in 91 of 96 segments (95%, 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.98) by Observer 2. MCE also enhanced the imaging of left atrial appendage muscular trabeculae, but not of left atrial or left atrial appendage thrombi. Corrected peak videointensity from thrombi was significantly lower than that from muscular trabeculae (0.15 +/- 0.11 vs 0.95 +/- 0.18, p < 0.05). All myxomas were distinctly opacified by MCE. Transesophageal MCE with intracoronary injection of sonicated albumin can image left atrial appendage myocardial perfusion. MCE allows the evaluation of blood flow into normal structures and abnormal masses within the left atrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Home medical care from our hospital].

From April, 1996 to March, 1999, our hospital provided home medical care on a 24-hour basis for fifty patients with advanced or terminal cancer. Eventually, twenty-four patients died at home and twenty-six in the hospital. Stability of health status, the presence of willing and able caregivers, as well as a greater number of house-calls are suggested factors in facilitating a death at home. However, the patients who died in the hospital were obliged to readmit themselves until the time of death due to caregivers' reasons such as fatigue, emotional stress and/or health problems. In addition to timely availability and accessibility of respite care, psychosocial support for family caregivers by liaison nurses remains an issue to be solved in future.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1998

NMDA induced glutamate release from the suprachiasmatic nucleus: an in vitro study in the rat.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) has been identified as a pacemaker for mammalian circadian rhythms. Excitatory amino acid receptors, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, have been considered to play an important role in the transmission of light information from the retina to the circadian clocks in the SCN. In the present study, we showed that application of NMDA at circadian time (CT) 12-15 induced significant glutamate release from the SCN region in vitro. The NMDA-induced glutamate release was blocked by co-application of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, but not by that of tetrodotoxin. These results suggested that glutamate stimulated its own release by activating NMDA receptors. This NMDA-induced glutamate release through NMDA receptor-mediated mechanisms might be involved in NMDA-induced potent phase shifts.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Inhibitory and stimulatory functions of paired Ig-like receptor (PIR) family in RBL-2H3 cells.

In this study, we demonstrate potent regulatory function of the murine killer cell inhibitory receptor-like molecules, paired Ig-like receptors (PIRs) or p91, using chimeric receptors expressed on the rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3. One of the chimeras, which has the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of PIR-B fused to the extracellular portion of type IIB receptor for IgG, was able to inhibit the type I receptor for IgE-mediated degranulation response upon coaggregation. This chimera also suppressed cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization in the presence and absence of calcium ion in the extracellular medium. Tyrosine to phenylalanine point mutations at the third and fourth immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like sequences of PIR-B attenuated the inhibitory effects on degranulation and on cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization, indicating the important role of these tyrosines for the delivery of negative signal. In contrast, the cross-linking of another chimeric receptor composed of the type IIB receptor for IgG extracellular portion and the transmembrane and short cytoplasmic sequence of PIR-A elicited Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation. These results indicate that PIR molecules may regulate cellular functions both positively and negatively.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Consequences of exclusive expression in vivo of Kit-ligand lacking the major proteolytic cleavage site.

Membrane growth factors that are processed to produce soluble ligands may function both as soluble factors and as membrane factors. The membrane growth factor Kit-ligand (KL), the ligand of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase, is encoded at the Sl locus, and mice carrying Sl mutations have defects in hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis. Two alternatively spliced KL transcripts encode two cell-associated KL protein products, KL-1 and KL-2. The KL-2 protein lacks the major proteolytic cleavage site for the generation of soluble KL, thus representing a more stable cell-associated form of KL. We investigated the consequences of exclusive expression of KL-2 in vivo. The KL gene in embryonic stem cells was modified and KL exon 6 was replaced with a PGKneoNTRtkpA cassette by homologous recombination, and mice carrying the SlKL2 allele were obtained. SlKL2/SlKL2 mice had only slightly reduced levels of soluble KL in their serum, suggesting that in vivo KL-2 may be processed to produce soluble KL-2S. The steady-state characteristics of the hematopoietic system and progenitor numbers were normal, and the mutant animals were not anemic. However, mast cell numbers in the skin and peritoneum were reduced and the mutant animals displayed increased sensitivity to sublethal doses of gamma-irradiation. Therefore, KL-2 may substitute for KL-1 in most situations with the exception of the production of mast cells, and induced proteolytic cleavage of KL-1 to produce soluble KL may have a role in the regeneration of hematopoietic tissue after radiation injury.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1998

Potent inhibition of HIV type 1 replication by an antiinflammatory alkaloid, cepharanthine, in chronically infected monocytic cells.

Cepharanthine is a biscoclaurine alkaloid isolated from Stephania cepharantha Hayata and has been shown to have antiinflammatory, antiallergic, and immunomodulatory activities in vivo. As several inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stresses are involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, we investigated the inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced HIV-1 replication in chronically infected cell lines. Two chronically HIV-1-infected cell lines, U1 (monocytic) and ACH-2 (T lymphocytic), were stimulated with TNF-alpha or PMA and cultured in the presence of various concentrations of the compound. HIV-1 replication was determined by p24 antigen level. The inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven gene expression and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation were also examined. Cepharanthine dose dependently inhibited HIV-1 replication in TNF-alpha- and PMA-stimulated U1 cells but not in ACH-2 cells. Its 50% effective and cytotoxic concentrations were 0.016 and 2.2 microg/ml in PMA-stimulated U1 cells, respectively. Cepharanthine was found to suppress HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. These results indicate that cepharanthine is a highly potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in a chronically infected monocytic cell line. Since biscoclaurine alkaloids, containing cepharanthine as a major component, are widely used for the treatment of patients with various inflammatory diseases in Japan, cepharanthine should be further pursued for its chemotherapeutic potential in HIV-1-infected patients.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1998

Novel biological functions of interleukin-4: formation of tube-like structures by vascular endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo.

The effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on angiogenesis was studied in vitro and in vivo. Human recombinant IL-4 significantly stimulated the formation of tube-like structures in collagen gels by bovine aortic endothelial cells as well as by human microvascular endothelial cells. Human recombinant IL-4 at 50-500 U/ml stimulated by about two- to threefold the formation of tubes by bovine aortic endothelial cells; the rate was comparable to that of basic fibroblast growth factor. Tube formation was almost completely inhibited by the addition of IL-4 receptor neutralizing antibody. Administration of rat recombinant IL-4 led to neovascularization when implanted in the rat cornea. Findings suggest that IL-4 may be a mediator of the immune system as well as an inducer of angiogenesis.

Animals↗