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Biomedical subjects

M Oliver

Publications and source records attributed to M Oliver.

156 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrauterine feeding of the growth retarded fetus: can we help?

Intrauterine feeding of the growth retarded fetus appears an attractive therapeutic possibility. However the factors which determine the reversibility of intrauterine growth retardation are poorly understood. While fetal substrate supply is the final common pathway by which many factors restrict fetal growth, improving fetal substrate supply does not always lead to improved fetal growth. Similarly, fetal substrate supply is an important regulator of fetal endocrine status, such as circulating IGF-1 levels, but again, improving fetal substrate supply does not always alter fetal endocrine status or fetal growth. The relationship between substrate supply, endocrine status and growth is regulated in a complex way by placental function. Understanding the role of the placenta in this regulation is essential if in the future we are to help the growth retarded fetus.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing children's oral health inequalities in Northern Ireland: a research-practice-community partnership initiative.

OBJECTIVE: Northern Ireland has a high prevalence of childhood dental caries, reflecting heavy consumption of cariogenic snack foods. To develop a policy to promote and facilitate healthier eating, researchers, practitioners, and the school community formed a partnership, together creating the Boost Better Breaks (BBB) school-based policy. The policy was developed with and supported by dieticians, health promotion officers, teachers, school meal advisors, and local suppliers of school milk. Eighty percent of primary schools and preschool groups within the Southern Health and Social Services Board are involved in the program, which permits the consumption of only milk and fruit at break time. METHODS: The authors assessed the effectiveness of the partnership using data from its first two years. RESULTS: Results of the first two years of evaluation are positive. Initial findings indicate that the program had a positive effect in increasing the mean number of sound teeth in children attending schools in areas in which socioeconomic conditions are poor. CONCLUSION: This initiative suggests that collaboration can facilitate improvement in children's dental health and that careful targeting of the policy to schools in poor areas has the potential to narrow disparities.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser treatment of eye disorders in children.

The increasing range of indications for laser treatment and the development of new modalities of lasering have led to a growing tendency to extend this type of treatment to the pediatric population. Problems of compliance in this age group often necessitate the use of general anesthesia. This report describes the operative technique used in 11 children (13 eyes) under the age of 13 years, all of whom underwent laser treatment under general anesthesia for a variety of ocular conditions. Argon or krypton laser photocoagulation was performed in eight children (10 eyes), seven of whom were treated for various retinal pathologies and one for an iris cyst. The other three children underwent Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy for secondary cataract.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors affecting long-term results of successfully treated amblyopia: age at beginning of treatment and age at cessation of monitoring.

The visual acuity of 104 patients who had previously been successfully treated for unilateral amblyopia by occlusion of the good eye was examined 6.4 years, on average, after cessation of treatment. Three age groups were defined, according to the age at which treatment was started: younger (2 to 5.5 years), middle (5.5 to 8 years) and older (above 8 years). In 55% of the patients, the long-term follow-up examination revealed deterioration of the visual acuity. In patients in whom amblyopia had been monitored at least up to the age of 9 years, the age at which treatment was started did not significantly affect the mean amount of deterioration or the mean visual acuity noted at the long-term follow-up examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Entomology of onchocercosis in Soconusco, Chiapas. 6. Quantitative studies of the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by 3 species of Simuliidae in a community with high endemicity].

In Guatemala, there is no doubt about the participation of Simulium ochraceum as vector of Onchocerciasis. However, in Mexico practically there are not studies focussed to determine the role of this species in the transmission. The objective of the present investigation was to determine which of the 3 species of Simulium founded in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, is the main, and which were secondary in the transmission of Onchocerciasis in that area. The locality of Morelos, in the Huixtla "municipio" of Chiapas, localized a 1200 meters over the sea level (mosl) were selected to carried out the present study. According to own parasitological studies, this locality is considered as highly endemic (more than 66% prevalence). From March 1979 to March, 1981, we performed captures of Simulium sp caught on human bait. Quantitative studies and of transmission potentials were also performed. The following results were obtained: a) Absolute black flies densities (nulliparous and pariparous) and infected black flies (with L1 and L2 larvae): S. ochraceum, S. metallicum and S. callidum, in that order was the distribution of densities. Infected black flies were obtained in the 3 species. However, in despite of an irregular distribution in all the year, it was possible to identify 2 peaks of maximum infection of S. ochraceum in March, 1979 and March 1981. b) Monthly bite densities and infective bites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryoglobulinemia].

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins or immune complexes which precipitate at a temperature lower than 37 degrees C and redissolve when rewarmed. Cryoglobulins can be asymptomatic. When not, clinical features are in most cases cutaneous, renal or neurological. Cryoglobulinemia are associated with malignant haematological disorder, connective tissue disease or infection process especially infection with hepatitis C virus. In some case, no aetiology can be found, in theses cases cryoglobulinemia are called primary or essential cryoglobulinemia. For the last ten years it has been widely demonstrated that virus C infection causes the most part of essential cryoglobulinemia.

Cryoglobulinemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cryoglobulins: detection, type determination and quantitation. A study of healthy subjects and patients with chronic hepatitis C].

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins or immune complexes which precipitate at a temperature lower than 37 degrees C and re-dissolve when rewarmed. So their collection and processing are critical. We describe the methodology used in the biochemical laboratory of Military hospital Laveran (Marseille) for detection determination of type and quantitation of cryoglobulins. In this study, we have found cryoglobulins in 53% of healthy subjects and in 77% of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Cryoglobulins↗