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Biomedical subjects

M Okuda

Publications and source records attributed to M Okuda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Differentiating effect of oral administration of retinol palmitate (Chocola-A) for an aged AML (M3) with severe complications].

A 74 year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as AML (M3) in poor condition, was treated with Retinol Palmitate (Chocola-A, 150,000 unit/m2 per os, after informed consent. An increase of white blood cells (neutrophil) counts was observed after 7 days. After 4 weeks, WBC counts were increased to 20,700/microliters (neutrophil counts 6,400/microliters) Maturation tendency of leukemic cells was also proved in the bone marrow. In vitro studies showed that morphological differentiation was recognizable in cultured leukemic cells treated with 10(-6)M all-trans retinoic acid after 6 days, but not in controls. Responses in the NBT reduction test were slightly less than in the clinical study. The administration of Retinol Palmitate may be a new regimen to treat AML (M3) in aged patients in poor condition.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of allergen-specific IgE antibody and total IgE with a new IgE detection system named FAST: fluorescence allergosorbent test].

The measurement of IgE antibodies and total IgE was performed with FAST (fluorescene allergosrobent test) system using 171 serum samples obtained from normal donors and 789 serum samples obtained from patients with various allergic diseases. These were collected by departments of internal medicine, pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology and dermatology at 17 institutes in Japan. In addition to a comparative study with RAST, skin tests and provocation tests were also performed to establish a clinical diagnosis. Simultaneous measurements were made and an excellent correlation with RAST was observed with a concordance rate of 85.7% and correlation coefficient of 0.848. The specificity determined in the normal serum samples was 95.5% by RAST and 93.1% by FAST. The sensitivity determined in the samples, of which etiological allergens were identified clinically, was 82.3% by RAST and 85.3% by FAST. Among them, the sensitivity of skin test and provocation test were 92.4% and 94.7%, respectively. The concordance rate with clinical diagnosis was as high as 89.7% for both RAST and FAST. The normal upper limit of total IgE by cumulative 95% value was calculated to be 250 IU/ml for adult subjects. These results indicated the clinical usefulness of the FAST system in evaluating IgE antibodies and total IgE.

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

[An autopsy case of untreated systemic lupus erythematosus with death from acute pulmonary hemorrhage].

An autopsy case of SLE died from acute and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is presented. A 50 year-old woman with SLE was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, butterfly rash, discoid skin lesions and renal dysfunction. She died from acute respiratory failure before initiation of the therapy with corticosteroid. Autopsy findings revealed a massive acute intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Histological study demonstrated a pulmonary arterial vasculitis with prominent fibrinoid necrosis at muscular pulmonary artery. No remarkable deposit of immunoglobulins and complements was found within the alveolar walls and pulmonary vessels by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Renal histology revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with fibrinoid necrosis, crescent formation and wireloop lesions compatible with type IVb according to the WHO classification. The granular deposit of IgM, C3 and Clq, and electron dense deposit was found by immunofluorescence and by electron microscopy, respectively, in the kidney. The small arteries and veins in other organs, such as liver, spleen, bladder, ovary and rectum also revealed fibrinoid vasculitis. Acute infectious lesion was not observed in any tissue examined. The diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE could be one of the manifestations of active and severe systemic vasculitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Surface binding and intracellular uptake of gentamicin in the cultured kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1).

Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin are taken up by renal proximal tubular cells, yet little is known regarding the biochemical characteristics of the transport process at the cellular level. In this report, cellular handling of gentamicin was studied in the cultured kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. After 2 days of incubation of the cells with gentamicin, cell-associated gentamicin decreased rapidly during the first 30 min when the cells were incubated in gentamicin-free medium, then decreased slowly. The apparent half-life of the latter phase, which should represent release from the intracellular compartment, was about 2.0 days. The rapid release of gentamicin should consist of two components, one is a release from the cell surface membrane and the other from domes. Cell surface binding of gentamicin was dependent on the ambient ionic strength. The intracellular uptake was inhibited by low temperature, neomycin, metabolic inhibitors and reagents which interact with the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, the uptake was not affected by d-glucose, organic cations and an organic anion. Thus, by estimating the intracellular gentamicin separately from the drug localized in other compartments, it is concluded that gentamicin is taken up by LLC-PK1 cells via an adsorptive endocytosis. The endocytosis of gentamicin should be dependent on metabolic energy and cytoskeletal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Depletion and repletion of Ca2+ in the perfused rat liver.

Repletion with Ca2+ often leads to damage of previously Ca(2+)-depleted hearts (the calcium paradox). The behavior of the liver under similar conditions is not well understood. With a perfused rat liver model, we examined liver cell damage and lipid peroxidation during Ca2+ depletion and repletion and used lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence as a measure of oxygen radicals. During 30 minutes of Ca2+ depletion, release of lactate dehydrogenase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance did not change significantly. When Ca2+ depletion was extended to 150 minutes, release of lactic acid dehydrogenase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance and tissue oxygen radical levels all increased progressively, accompanied by decrease in oxygen uptake. Ca2+ repletion after 30 minutes of Ca2+ depletion caused small increases in release of lactic acid dehydrogenase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance but significantly suppressed the changes described, compared with expression in depleted livers without Ca2+ repletion. There were large releases of sinusoidal glutathione and glutathione disulfide at the onset of Ca2+ depletion, which declined within 15 minutes. On Ca2+ repletion, sinusoidal glutathione level decreased to its baseline but glutathione disulfide level did not change significantly. During long-term Ca2+ depletion, sinusoidal glutathione level was significantly higher than baseline but glutathione disulfide level remained low. These results indicate that long-term Ca2+ depletion causes oxidative stress and liver damage. Ca(2+)-dependent release of sinusoidal glutathione appears to result from causes other than oxidative stress. There is no evidence for the calcium paradox in the liver; in fact, reexposure to Ca2+ protects the liver from the injury caused by Ca2+ depletion.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Visibility of ATP and ADP in freeze-trapped tissue from perfused rat liver during normoxia and ischemia using 31P-cryo-NMR.

The visibility of ATP and ADP to NMR was studied by comparing simultaneous measurements of freeze-trapped tissue sections from perfused rat liver under normoxia and ischemia using a modified 31P-cryo-NMR method and biochemical assay. The 31P-cryo-NMR method provides good time resolution and allows the quantitation of absolute metabolite concentrations. Prior to 31P-cryo-NMR measurements, freeze-trapped tissues were thawed in the presence of cryoprotectant and EDTA. With this sample preparation procedure, the integrity of the plasma and mitochondrial membranes was not maintained, inducing homogeneous microviscosity and chelation of intracellular divalent cations, thereby increasing the visibility of metabolites compared to the in vivo NMR measurement. With ischemic stress, total cellular ATP concentration decreased significantly (P less than 0.001). While ADP concentrations measured by cryo-NMR and biochemical analysis were consistent during normoxia and ischemia, ATP concentrations measured by cryo-NMR were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than those obtained by biochemical analysis. The amount of invisible ATP (0.42 +/- 0.10 mumol/g wet weight: mean +/- S.E.) did not change after the induction of ischemia. The results of this study suggest that ATP invisibility to cryo-NMR is not due to compartmentation into regions of high paramagnetic ion concentrations or high microviscosity, but is influenced by other factors.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1991

[31P]MRS study of the protective effects of prostaglandin oligomers on forebrain ischemia in rats.

Two ester-type prostaglandin oligomeric compounds were synthesized, one from prostaglandin E1 (termed MR-356) and the other from prostaglandin B2 (termed OC-5186). Using in vivo [31P]MRS, the protective effects of these oligomers on forebrain ischemia (15 min) were evaluated in a rat model. Forebrain ischemia caused a decrease in intracellular high energy phosphates and intracellular pH (pHi) in the control and compounds-treated groups, but changes of these values in the OC-5186-treated group were significantly smaller than those in the control group. Moreover, the cerebral energy metabolism of the OC-5186-treated group returned to the preischemia level more rapidly than in the control group after forebrain ischemia. MR-356 had some effects, but the differences were not significant.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Oxygen radical production during ischemia-reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat liver as monitored by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence.

We have applied the Luminol enhanced chemiluminescence technique to the isolated perfused rat liver during ischemia and reperfusion to monitor the production of oxygen radicals in tissue. Livers under perfusion with Luminol-containing buffer were subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Their chemiluminescence was continuously monitored to obtain the time course of oxygen radical production. Transient bursts of oxygen radical production were observed in the livers as indicated by chemiluminescence changes on reperfusion. Superoxide dismutase treatment abolished while catalase treatment enhanced the reperfusion-induced chemiluminescence transient.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Changes in nasal metachromatic cells during allergen immunotherapy.

We have investigated changes of nasal metachromatic cell number, nasal symptoms and nasal provocation at the third and sixth month during allergen immunotherapy. Twenty-five subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis (house dust (23), Alternaria (2) were divided into two groups: an immunotherapy-treated group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 11). At the first visit nasal symptom scores, nasal provocation reactions and the number of metachromatic cells in nasal mucosal epithelial scrapings were not significantly different between groups. At the third and sixth month after immunotherapy nasal symptom scores, nasal provocation and the metachromatic cells in epithelial scrapings were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) compared with the pretreatment values in the immunotherapy group, but unchanged in the control group. These results suggest that the reduction in metachromatic cell number at the nasal mucosal surface may be one of the mechanisms which could explain the improvement of nasal allergic symptoms by immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The differential contribution of endogenous prostaglandins to the release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum.

1. Prostaglandin E (PGE) may be essential for maintaining the sensitivity of the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum to nicotine. The contributions of prostaglandins to nervous activity evoked by different stimuli have now been investigated by measuring the amount of acetylcholine (ACh) released from the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. 2. The amount of ACh released in response to dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) or substance P was depressed to about 40% of control by 2.8 microM indomethacin (Ind), whereas the release of ACh induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was not affected. The inhibitory effects of Ind were overcome by 14.3 nM PGE2. 3. Mepacrine 5 microM, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, depressed the release of ACh in response to DMPP and substance P to the same extent as Ind. These inhibitory effects of mepacrine were overcome by arachidonic acid (10 microM), but not by arachidonic acid plus Ind. The release of ACh evoked by 5-HT or electrical field stimulation (EFS) was also inhibited to about 60% of control by mepacrine but these inhibitions were overcome by arachidonic acid (10 microM) either in the absence or the presence of Ind. 4. The results suggest that endogenous prostaglandins and arachidonic acid contribute to the maintenance of the excitability of the myenteric plexus by DMPP and substance P. By contrast, the release of ACh induced by 5-HT and EFS may be regulated by arachidonic acid and not by prostaglandins.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

A new method of the measurement of nasal secretion in guinea pigs.

A simple quantitative method to measure nasal secretion in guinea pigs is described. Nasal secretion was measured with a piece of cotton thread dyed with fluorescein at one end which was inserted into an anterior naris and kept there for 60 s. The stretch of color of a thread dyed with fluorescein was proportional to fluid volume and to increase in weight of a thread due to absorbed nasal secretion induced by nasal provocation. In addition, the stretch of color due to nasal secretion was associated with the score of rhinorrhea. Thus, it is considered that the amount of nasal secretion can be reflected to the length of the stretch of color. Each secretion on the ipsilateral and the contralateral sides induced by nasal provocation could be separately measured by this method. The amount of nasal secretion induced by allergen in passively sensitized guinea pigs could be reduced by pretreatment with ketotifen or flutropium. These results suggest that our method may serve as a quantitative test for nasal secretion in guinea pigs, which would be useful in the study of hypersecretory response in the allergic model or in evaluating the effect of antiallergic drugs on nasal allergy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrastructural abnormalities of the cilia in human nasal epithelia].

Nasal mucosal cilia were observed with electron microscope in 14 patients with immotile cilia syndrome (ICS), 9 with nasal papilloma (NP), 23 with sinobronchial syndrome (SB), 2 with sinusitis combined with dextrocardia (SC), 1 with Kartagener's syndrome (KS), and 5 normal controls (C). Abnormalities such as complex cilia, cilia with abnormal axonemes and cilia with randomly oriented central microtubules were frequently found in the groups of ICS (8.1%) and NP (10.4%) while less in other groups: SB (4.9%), SC (5.3%), KS (4.7%) and C (3.9%). The percentage of cilia with defective dynein arms (DA) was the highest in the ICS group (94.0%), followed by the groups of SC (53.7%), SB (47.5%), NP (41.2%), C (35.8%) and KS (33.3%). The ICS group was found to be the largest in the number of defective DA per a cilium (4.1), followed by the groups of NP (1.0), SB (0.6), SC (0.7), KS (0.4) and C (0.4). Increased rates of defective DA were also recognized in cilia of tracheal mucosa and flagella of sperm in 7 patients with ICS examined. In conclusion, neither abnormal cilia nor defective DA of cilia are specific findings for ICS. However, when we observe these findings in high percentage in nasal mucosa as well as in other organs, we may define this condition as ICS.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Allergic rhinitis nasal epithelial cell conditioned medium stimulates growth and differentiation of basophil/mast cell and eosinophil progenitors from atopic blood].

We examined the conditions, kinetics and cell sources for basophil/mast cell and eosinophil colony stimulating activity (CSA) production by nasal epithelial cells taken from house dust (HD) nasal allergic patients. Epithelial scrapings removed from HD nasal allergic patients were grown to confluence over 7 days as a monolayer of epithelial cells in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) on collagen coated microwell plates. CSA in nasal epithelial cells conditioned medium (CM) was assessed with density-gradient separated, nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose assays. In the 14-day methylcellulose assays, the number of Eo-type colonies in the presence of either 10% or 5% CM was significantly higher than the background number of Eo-type colonies (negative control). Comparison of Gm CSA among 1%, 5% and 10% CM with negative, revealed no significant differences. We also compared the Eo-type CSA in the presence of 10% significant differences. We also compared the Eo-type CSA in the presence of 10% CM in the 14-day methylcellulose assay with 21-day methylcellulose assay. There was no significant difference in the number of Eo-type colony between the 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose assays. We also examined the composition of the cells in the colonies in the 14-day and 21-day methylcellulose cultures. The percentage of metachromatic granule containing cells in a Eo-type colony in 14-day methylcellulose assay was significantly higher than in a Eo-type colony in 21-day methylcellulose assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The relationship between the anti-HCV titer and the state of chronic hepatitis C].

By dilution of the serum, we quantitatively analyzed anti-HCV to examine the relation between the anti-HCV titer and the state of chronic hepatitis C, and determined the effectiveness of interferon therapy. The anti-HCV titer was related with the state of chronic hepatitis C, but not as closely as GPT. Cases with blood transfusion had a lower titer of anti-HCV, weaker histological finding and better response to interferon than those without blood transfusion. The anti-HCV titer was not useful for determining the effectiveness of interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The sources of chemical substances in allergic nasal fluid.

The sources of different chemical substances in the NF of allergic patient, such as albumin, secretory IgA, histamine, leukotriene, kinin and substance P were investigated. To accomplish this, we challenged the inferior turbinate on one side, but separately collected NF from both sides in patients with nasal allergy to house-dust. Provocation was done with paper disc containing dried allergen extract. Collection was done by suction for the first five minutes immediately after the onset of a positive response to nasal provocation. The total amount of the chemical substances on each side was analyzed separately and compared. Significant differences were seen between both sides only for histamine and leukotriene. In consideration with the previous reports, it is suggested that in nasal allergen challenge the major sources are glandular secretion for secretory IgA, and albumin, and secretion for migrating cells for histamine and leukotriene. The major sources responsible for kinin and substance P, however, are not defined.

Adolescent↗