[Case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Okuda
Publications and source records attributed to M Okuda.
Identification of dog T-cell receptor beta chain genes.
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Animals↗
Secretin prevents taurocholate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in the rat.
Secretin is known to stimulate the flow of bicarbonate-rich bile from the bile-duct epithelium, but has no effect on hepatocytes. To investigate the effects of secretin on bile production during intrahepatic cholestasis, we infused secretin into rats with taurocholate-induced cholestasis. Secretin was given at 0.25 and 0.50 units.min-1.kg-1 to Wistar rats that simultaneously received a continuous infusion of taurocholic acid at above its maximum hepatic transport capacity to produce cholestasis. When taurocholic acid was infused at doses of 1.4 and 1.6 mumol.min-1.100 g b.w.-1, bile volume decreased in control rats. In contrast, the simultaneous infusion of secretin significantly increased bile flow and the biliary excretion of bile acids and bicarbonate. The serum taurocholic acid level at the end of the experiment was significantly lower in the secretin-treated groups than in the control group. These findings indicate that secretin prevents taurocholate-induced cholestasis and may enhance the biliary excretion of bile acids.
Animals↗
Cellular toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in G418-sensitive and -resistant LLC-PK1 cells.
The effects of gentamicin and G418 on the cellular function of LLC-PK1 epithelial pig kidney cells were investigated. Exposing the cells for 2 days to these aminoglycoside antibiotics inhibited the increase in cell-associated apical membrane enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase). Kinetic analysis revealed that the maximal activity of alkaline phosphatase was reduced by these aminoglycosides. Both aminoglycosides inhibited [3H]leucine incorporation into microsomes prepared from LLC-PK1 cells. The LLC-PK1 cells transfected with DNA encoding aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II, designated T2000B, were resistant to G418 as assessed by colony formation assay and the number of floating dead cells and by assay of apical enzyme activity. After a 4-hr exposure to G418, [3H]leucine incorporation in the host LLC-PK1 cells was inhibited, whereas that in T2000B cells was relatively unaffected. Gentamicin inhibited [3H]leucine incorporation similarly in both cells. The inhibition of protein synthesis by aminoglycosides occurred earlier than that of apical enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the inhibition of protein synthesis by aminoglycoside antibiotics is a possible cause of the reduction in cell viability as well as the apical enzymes in LLC-PK1 cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
A novel method of counting eosinophils in nasal secretion of allergic rhinitis by hemocytometric method.
The test for eosinophilia in nasal secretion is a useful tool for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. However, the nasal smear test which is commonly used is a subjective and nonquantitative evaluation. In this paper we describe a novel simple, objective and quantitative method in which mucin cluster in collected nasal secretion or lavage is solubilized with dithioerythritol, following which the number of eosinophils per unit volume of nasal secretion or the ratio of eosinophil to total leukocyte can be successfully counted in a blood cell counting chamber by using a hemocytometric method.
Adult↗
Pseudo-acylceramide with linoleic acid produces selective recovery of diminished cutaneous barrier function in essential fatty acid-deficient rats and has an inhibitory effect on epidermal hyperplasia.
Pseudo-acylceramides with different acyl properties were investigated for their capacity to restore diminished barrier function in essential fatty acid-deficient rats. Daily topical applications of synthetic pseudo-acylceramides containing ester-linked linoleic acid caused a dose-dependent, significant reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Both other pseudo-acylceramides with ester-linked oleic acid or saturated alkyl chains and ordinary ceramides exhibited a poor effect on recovery of TEWL. Furthermore, pseudoceramide containing ether-linked linoleic acid, which is biologically inactive in terms of degradation by hydrolytic enzymes, also induced a significant and similar increase in the barrier function. This restoration of barrier function by pseudo-acylceramides with linoleic acid was accompanied by suppressed DNA synthesis in the EFAD rat epidermis. In UVB-irradiated guinea pig skin, topical applications of the pseudo-acylceramides with linoleic acid immediately after the exposure significantly reduced epidermal hyperplasia, secondary to markedly diminished barrier disruption, whereas linoleic acid itself did not. A comparison of both the anti-hyperplasia and the barrier recovery effects in the series of pseudo-ceramide derivatives examined revealed that the suppressive effect on the induced epidermal hyperplasia was paralleled by the recovery of the barrier defect in EFAD rats. These findings directly suggest that acylceramide with an ester-linked linoleic acid has an essential role in the epidermal permeability barrier.
Animals↗
Fungal metabolites. X. The effect of peptide antibiotics, trichosporin-Bs, on the respiratory activity of mitochondria.
The effect of the trichosporin-Bs, peptide antibiotics, on the respiration of mitochondria was investigated. Trichosporin-Bs stimulated the respiratory rate of state 4 rat liver mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum respiratory rate obtained by trichosporin-Bs was essentially the same as for 2,4-dinitrophenol and SF6847. Trichosporin-B-VIb released oligomycin-inhibited respiration of mitochondria. This means that trichosporin-Bs are uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The stimulatory effect of trichosporin-B-VIb, a component of trichosporin-Bs, on mitochondrial respiration was increased by inorganic phosphate but not by other permeant anions studied. These results suggest that the stimulation of mitochondrial respiration by trichosporin-B-VIb is mediated by the same mechanism as is operating in the case of hypelcins and alamethicins. Furthermore, the relative potencies of trichosporin-Bs on the mitochondrial respiration and their relative hydrophobicities were examined. A clear relationship was observed between the uncoupling potencies of trichosporin-Bs and their relative hydrophobicities.
2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
[Sociological aspect of terminal care at home].
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Aged↗
Augmentation of the resistance against Listeria monocytogenes by oral administration of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris in mice.
Oral administration of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris(CVE)(20mg/mouse, 10 consecutive days) augmented the resistance against an i.p. infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice. The numbers of bacteria in a CVE-administered group were significantly lower in the peritoneal cavity or spleen than those in a control group. FCM analysis revealed that gamma delta +Thy1.2+ cells in the nonadherent PEC from CVE-administered mice increased more prominently in number at the early stage on day 3 or on day 5 after infection as compared with those in control mice. The increment of gamma delta +Thy1.2+ T cells was also evident in spleen in CVE-administered mice at this stage after infection. The proportion of TCR alpha beta +Thy1.2+ T cells in the nonadherent PEC of a control group increased from 13% on day 0 to 49% at the late stage on day 10 after infection, whereas the proportion of TCR alpha beta +Thy1.2+ T cells in the nonadherent PEC in CVE-administered mice increased to 64% on this stage after infection in association with augmentation of DTH response to Listeria. These results suggest that CVE-administration effectively augment cell-mediated immunity against Listeria through the increment of gamma delta + T cells in the early phase and the increment of alpha beta + T cells in the late phase after listerial infection.
Administration, Oral↗
[Ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells and eosinophils in nasal inverted papilloma].
We previously found that an increased number of mast cells and eosinophils accumulated in nasal inverted papilloma and in the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects. Two subtypes of mast cells, i.e., mucosal mast cells and connective tissue mast cells are known to be present in the allergic nasal mucosa. Eosinophils in the allergic nasal mucosa are also heterogeneous. In addition, we demonstrated accumulation of formalin-sensitive mast cells at the tumor site of nasal inverted papilloma. The morphological characteristics and function of mast cells and eosinophils, however, have not yet been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells and eosinophils in relation to their function in tumor tissue. The results revealed two subtypes of mast cells in nasal inverted papilloma, one distributed mainly in the tumor site, the other mainly in the stromal site. These two subtypes of mast cells had different ultrastructural characteristics. In contrast to stromal mast cells, mast cells in the tumor site were characterized by a smaller cell diameter, fewer specific granules and a higher rate of degranulation. This suggested that they may have played some role in the pathogenesis of the tumor, however, their precise function is still unknown. In comparison with the mast cells in the allergic nasal mucosa, previously reported by Okuda et al, the mast cells in the tumor site were similar to those in the epithelial layer of the allergic nasal mucosa (MMCs), while mast cells in the stromal site resembled those in the lamina propria (CTMCs). There were no marked morphological differences between eosinophils in the tumor site and the stromal site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eosinophils↗
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated inhibition of cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.
In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production via the expression of an inducible type of NO synthase (iNOS). This study was performed to determine whether angiotensin II (AII) affected NO production in cultured VSMC. AII by itself did not stimulate the production of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, but dose-dependently inhibited IL1 beta-induced nitrite production. This inhibitory effect of AII was blocked by the AII type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, 2-ethoxy-1-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-1H- benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid (CV-11974), but not by the AII type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist, (S)-1-[[4-(di-methylamino)-3-methylphenyl]methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl++ +- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid (PD-123319). In parallel with the decrease in nitrite production, AII suppressed IL1 beta-induced increases in iNOS mRNA and protein levels, as measured by Northern blotting using an iNOS cDNA probe and by immunoblotting using an anti-iNOS antibody, respectively. AII also inhibited the increases in nitrite production and iNOS mRNA and protein levels caused by TNF alpha. These results indicate that AII inhibits cytokine-induced NO production in VSMC by blocking iNOS expression through the AT1 receptor; this suggests that the AT1 receptor antagonist may modulate the development of atherosclerotic and postangioplastic lesions by blocking this inhibitory effect of AII.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
Immunological localization of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in the nasal mucosa.
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN, EC 3.4.17.3) are potentially important enzymes which regulate the degradation of neuropeptides, such as bradykinin (BK) and substance P (SP), in the respiratory mucosa. Some neuropeptides are also degraded by these enzymes in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the localization of these enzymes in the human nasal mucosa by an indirect immunohistochemical technique (immunogold silver staining). NEP-immunoreactive areas were present in the epithelium, the serous cells of the submucosal glands, and the endothelial cells of small vessels. The epithelium and the serous cells were the predominant areas of NEP immunoreactivity in the nasal mucosa. ACE-immunoreactive areas were seen in the outer layer of the epithelium, the endothelial cells of vessels, and widely distributed in the superficial lamina propria. The endothelial cells of the vessels showed maximum positive intensity to ACE. CPN-immunoreactive areas were observed in the epithelium, the endothelium of vessels and the superficial lamina propria, except for the gland cells. The superficial lamina propria exhibited maximum immunoreactivity for CPN. We observed that the enzymes were widely distributed in the nasal mucosa. The epithelium, including the epithelial cells and glycocalyx, contains all three enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in the mucosal immunity of the respiratory mucosa by degrading active neuropeptides. These results show that NEP secretion is regulated by a glandular, cholinergic control. On the other hand, ACE and CPN secretion are regulated by vascular permeability.
Humans↗
[A prospective randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT for head and neck carcinoma. Head and Neck UFT Study Group].
A prospective randomized trial was performed in 67 institutions for the purpose to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical treatment of head and neck carcinoma. A comparison was made between the following two groups; one-year oral administration of UFT, 300 mg/day, after radical treatment (UFT group); and a non-treatment group. Patients were classified under the following three categories; 1) stage II-IV, receiving radical surgery; 2) stage II, receiving radical radiotherapy; and 3) nasopharyngeal cancer. The numbers of cases were 424, 111 and 25, respectively, and they were randomized into two groups. The numbers of eligible cases were 398, 105 and 25, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed in the cases receiving radical surgery and in those receiving radical radiotherapy. As the results, in cases receiving radical surgery no significant difference was observed in 3-year survival rates (77.9% for UFT group vs 72.9% for non-treatment group) or 3-year relapse-free rates (73.4% for UFT group vs 66.2% for non-treatment group) between the two groups. However, the distant relapse rate was significantly lower in the UFT group than in the non-treatment group (7.9% vs 14.6%; p = 0.034). In the cases receiving radical radiotherapy, no significant differences was observed in either 3-year survival rates or 3-year relapse-free rates. Thus it was suggested that UFT maintenance therapy might suppress the distant metastasis after radical surgery. We considered a further confirmative trial for patients at high risk of distant metastasis after radical surgery to be advisable.
Administration, Oral↗
Specific IgA and IgG antibodies to house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae in nasal secretions.
As far as we know, IgA and IgG antibodies to purified house dust mite allergens Der fI and Der fII in nasal secretions have never been documented. Therefore, we determined specific IgA, SIgA and IgG antibodies (abs) to crude extract of D. farinae and its purified allergens Der fI and der f II in nasal secretions collected by aspiration from 34 normal subjects, 25 untreated nasal allergic patients and 28 treated nasal allergic patients on parenteral immunotherapy by means of an avidin-biotin ELISA. The following results were obtained. (1) The specific IgA, SIgA and IgG abs to each of the three kinds of allergens correlated with each other. The groups of patients with nasal allergy (both treated and untreated) showed higher levels of specific IgA, SIgA and IgG abs to the allergens than the normal group. (2) In the group of treated patients, the levels of specific abs were not correlated with the clinical improvement of symptoms or the degree of response to nasal challenge. (3) The treated patients failed to show significantly higher levels of abs in nasal secretions than the untreated patients. (4) The specific IgA and SIgA abs in nasal secretions seemed to be predominantly produced locally, and IgG abs might be transudated from the circulation.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical study of cyclic intra-arterial chemotherapy using mitoxantrone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma].
Cyclic intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using Mitoxantrone via reservoir system was prescribed for 8 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the clinical staging system, two patients were in Stage III and the other six patients in Stage IV-A. Vp-3 portal invasion was observed in six out of the eight patients. Mitoxantrone (5-8 mg/body) was administered intra-arterially via port-a-cath device every 4 weeks. For tumor response, there were two PR cases, four NC cases, and two PD cases. Thus, the response rate was 25%. The mean survival period was 6.5 months, and 1-year survival rate was 13%. In one of two PR cases, the survival time has been more than two years so far. Gastrointestinal toxicities such as nausea and vomiting were not severe. Critical myelosuppression requiring medication was not observed. Although a temporary increase of serum bilirubin was found in two cases, no severe damage to hepatic function was observed. From our preliminary data, this arterial infusion chemotherapy using Mitoxantrone via reservoir system can be safely performed on non-hospitalized patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and may be a useful treatment modality.
Aged↗
Transport of gentamicin and fluid-phase endocytosis markers in the LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cell line.
In order to characterize the transport of aminoglycoside in the cultured kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1, cellular uptake of gentamicin was studied in comparison with those of fluid-phase endocytosis markers, lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase. The uptake of gentamicin and fluid-phase markers were time-dependent and were reduced at low temperature. The rate of gentamicin uptake was, however, faster than those of lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase, and was saturable. The accumulation of gentamicin in the cells was increasing even after 6 days of incubation, whereas that of lucifer yellow reached a steady state by 1 day. Release of intracellular gentamicin from LLC-PK1 cells was much slower than that of lucifer yellow. Gentamicin uptake, but not lucifer yellow uptake, was increased by reducing the ambient ionic strength. Under the low ionic strength conditions, gentamicin uptake was inhibited by the presence of other aminoglycosides, lysozyme, polyamines such as spermine and inorganic cations such as calcium. These results indicate that gentamicin electrostatically binds to the cell apical membrane and is subsequently taken up by an adsorptive endocytosis in LLC-PK1 cells.
Animals↗
[A case of chronic hepatitis exacerbated by alpha-interferon therapy].
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Adult↗
[Fluticasone propionate reduced the production of GM-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 generated from cultured nasal epithelial cells].
Accumulation of mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal epithelial layer occurs in nasal allergic reactions and nasal polyps. We have already demonstrated that fluticasone propionate (FP) inhibits the accumulation of mast cells and eosinophils locally, and also improves the nasal symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis. We hypothesized that cytokines generated from nasal epithelial cells possibly contribute to the accumulation of cells and eosinophils in the nasal epithelial layer. In this experiment we examined the inhibitory effect of FP on the production of GM-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 by culturing of nasal epithelial cells in vitro. Our results show that FP significantly reduces the level of GM-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatant of culture media of nasal epithelial cells for a period of 6 days. In addition, preincubation of nasal epithelial cells with FP for 6 days causes a significant reduction of GM-CSF levels in the supernatant of culture-media of cultured nasal epithelial cells during the subsequent period of 6 days without FP. These results provide evidence that FP inhibits the accumulation of mast cells and eosinophils in the mucoepithelial layer of the nasal membrane.
Administration, Topical↗