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Biomedical subjects

M Okawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Okawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Multiple colonic ulcers in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome].

A 25-year-old female with Sjögren's syndrome was admitted to our hospital because of fever and abdominal pain. Multiple colonic ulcers were demonstrated by gastrographin enema and colonoscopy. Histological examination revealed the presence of necrotizing vasculitis in the submucosal region. Large dose of prednisolone (60 mg/day) brought a prompt relief of her symptoms and an improvement of positive inflammatory signs. Pseudoaneurysm in the arteria colica media, which had been demonstrated by abdominal selective angiography at the time of diagnosis, became extinct after the steroid treatment. Healing of ulcers were also noted by colonoscopy. A variety of extraglandular symptoms has been reported in Sjögren's syndrome. Multiple colonic ulcers due to vasculitis are rarely complicated but may have a great impact on the prognosis of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Rest-activity and body-temperature rhythm disorders in elderly patients with dementia--senile dementia of Alzheimer's type and multi-infarct dementia].

We simultaneously monitored rest-activity and body temperature (BT) rhythm in demented patients with sleep and behavior disorders using ambulatory wrist-worn actigraph and long-term monitoring system for 5-7 consecutive days. Subjects consisted of 19 patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) (M/F = 7/12, mean age = 71.7 years), 16 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) (M/F = 9/7, mean age = 75.2 years) and 9 normal controls (M/F = 4/5, mean age = 70.4 years). Both dementia groups showed a significant increase in percentage of nighttime activity. In the SDAT group, a significant positive correlation between the degree of dementia and total activity was observed, but not observed in the MID group. A significant high amplitude of BT rhythm was observed in the SDAT group comparing that in the MID or the control group. These findings indicate that the SDAT patients had a disrupted rest-activity rhythm with the severity of intellectual deterioration and increased night activity, while the circadian BT rhythm was remarkably well preserved, i.e. there was a dissociation between rest-activity and BT rhythms in the SDAT group. On the other hand, the disruption of the rest-activity and BT rhythm in the MID patients was characterized by a concomitant decrease of amplitude, which seems to have no relation with the severity of dementia. Different mechanisms could be involved in characteristic disruption of the circadian rhythms in the 2 dementia groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The Comprehensive Assessment List for Affective Disorders (COALA): a polydiagnostic, comprehensive, and serial semistructured interview system for affective and related disorders.

This supplement describes the development and structure of the Comprehensive Assessment List of Affective Disorders (COALA) system, which was recently developed for a collaborative follow-up study of a broad spectrum of affective disorders in Japan and which consists of a series of semistructured interviews for affective and related disorders. The COALA distinguishes itself from the extant semistructured interviews by being able to provide polydiagnostic, comprehensive and serial assessments. It is polydiagnostic because it derives diagnoses according to 29 historical and modern diagnostic systems through computer algorithms. It is comprehensive because it not only depicts the symptoms profile and rates their severity according to various endogenicity indices and severity rating scales but also measures, in the psychosocial domain, the life events and their characteristics. In addition, it has sections for past illnesses and family history. It is serial because the system includes follow-up semistructured interviews that can be administered monthly and that monitor changes in the psychopathological and psychosocial features. The theoretical underpinnings of the COALA system, especially its polydiagnostic approach to a broad spectrum of affective disorders and its treatment of psychosocial factors, are discussed in view of recent proposals for the future nosological research. The findings of the interrater reliability study (n = 107) are also presented, with satisfactory to excellent results for almost all of the psychopathological and psychosocial variables, all of the composite severity ratings and most of the polydiagnostic evaluations.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Morning bright light therapy for sleep and behavior disorders in elderly patients with dementia.

Fourteen inpatients with dementia showing sleep and behavior disorders (average age = 75 years), and 10 control elderly people (average age = 75 years) were carefully observed for 2 months. Four weeks of morning light therapy markedly improved sleep and behavior disorders in the dementia group. The measurement of sleep time and the serum melatonin values suggests that sleep and behavior disorders in the dementia group are related to decreases in the amplitude of the sleep-wake rhythm and decreases in the levels of melatonin secretions. Morning light therapy significantly increased total and nocturnal sleep time and significantly decreased daytime sleep time. These results indicate that morning bright light is a powerful synchronizer that can normalize disturbed sleep and substantially reduce the frequency of behavior disorders in elderly people with dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of continuous infusion of flumazenil on unexpected postoperative resedation by midazolam].

Resedation after general anesthesia induced by midazolam is thought to be not an unusual problem for the anesthetists. We investigated the effect of continuous infusion of flumazenil on the patients who had general anesthesia using midazolam as an induction agent and had flumazenil for prolonged recovery after procedure. Fourteen of 54 patients were judged as prolonged recovery and were given 0.25 mg of flumazenil. Then, they were randomly divided into the following two groups. In the first group, another 0.25 mg of flumazenil was given 2 hours after the first flumazenil. In the second group, 0.25 mg of flumazenil in 250 ml of lactated Ringer's solution was given continuously for 2 hours after the first flumazenil. All the patients were fully awake after the first flumazenil but one case of resedation occurred in the first group and in none of the patients in the second group. We conclude that continuous infusion of 0.25 mg of flumazenil for 2 hours is effective and makes anesthetist free from anxiety of postoperative resedation by midazolam.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of magnesium sulfate on brain damage by complete global brain ischemia].

The efficacy of magnesium sulfate in preventing ischemic brain damage was evaluated in 36 adult mongrel dogs subjected to an 18 min period of complete global brain ischemia. Twenty-four of 36 dogs were divided into two groups; no-therapy group (n = 12) and magnesium-treated group (n = 12). The infusion of magnesium sulfate 2.5 mmol.kg-1 was started immediately with reperfusion over 48h. In each group, acute study I and chronic study were done. In the acute study I, there were no differences between two groups in hemodynamic parameters and intracranial pressure, but delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion was significantly improved in magnesium-treated group. In the chronic study, the neurologic outcome, which was evaluated up to 7 days after ischemia, was significantly better in magnesium-treated group than in no-therapy group. In acute study II, residual 12 dogs were divided into two groups; magnesium-administered without ischemia group (n = 6) and magnesium-administered after ischemia group (n = 6). In the acute study II, magnesium significantly crossed the blood-brain barrier into cerebrospinal fluid in magnesium-administered after ischemia group, but not in magnesium-administered without ischemia group. Magnesium might improve the neurologic outcome due to its broad and no-specific calcium entry blocking properties rather than the improvement of the delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion. These results suggest that magnesium therapy is very useful for cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest.

Animals↗