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Biomedical subjects

M Okada

Publications and source records attributed to M Okada.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

An algorithm to manage variable-length records for highly portable clinical data base systems.

An algorithm to archive patient data at free size in disk storage is presented. A record, assumed to be a character string such as an ASCII-coded text, is compressed and divided into fixed-length blocks. One block consists of a data field and a pointer field, and the blocks comprising a record are chained with pointers forwardly. A head pointer of each record is sequentially saved on a separate file. The data compression is performed as follows: if the same character code appears more than twice in succession, we count the number of the repetitions and save it with initial two characters. The algorithms for fetching, re-saving, and purging a record are also presented. These were implemented in FORTRAN77 and tested for performance using a practical patient data file. As the algorithm allows highly flexible record manipulation and can easily be implemented in conventional programming languages, it will make a useful tool for constructing a portable data base management system.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Functions of maternal mRNA as a cytoplasmic factor responsible for pole cell formation in Drosophila embryos.

Injection of mRNA extracted from Drosophila cleavage embryos or mature oocytes restored pole cell-forming ability to embryos that had been deprived of this ability by uv irradiation. However, mRNA extracted from blastoderms did not show the restoration activity. Pole cells thus formed in uv-irradiated embryos bear similarities to normal pole cells both in their morphology and their ability to migrate to the gonadal rudiments. But this mRNA does not appear to be capable of rescuing uv-induced sterility, or inducing pole cells in the anterior polar region.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage: analysis of 182 patients.

The results of treatment for 182 patients with hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage are described. The patients are graded according to the level of consciousness on admission; grade 1, fully conscious; grade 2, somnolent; grade 3, stuporous; grade 4, semicomatose; and grade 5, deeply comatose. Removal of hemorrhage was performed in 44 patients (24%), and conservative treatment was given in 138 patients (76%). One-month mortality in the surgical group was 27%; it was 22% in the conservative group. At 6 months after surgical treatment, the percentages of patients who returned to full-time work or independent life without disability or with minimal disability (good recovery) were 40% in grade 1, 30% in grade 2, 22% in grade 3, 11% in grade 4, and 0% in grade 5; after conservative treatment, percentages with good recovery were 77% in grade 1, 56% in grade 2, 29% in grade 3, 7% in grade 4, and 0% in grade 5. This study shows that surgical treatment does not give better results in the management of hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Co-operation between the pair of C gamma 2 domains in Clq-binding by rabbit IgG.

The single site binding constants of rabbit IgG and its plasmin-derived fragments F(acb)2, Facb and F(ab)2 for human C1q were measured by the sedimentation velocity method. The intact IgG and F(acb)2 having the paired C gamma 2 domains gave an identical association constant at 20 degrees C (Ka) of 3.02 X 10(4) M-1 in the presence of a physiological concn of salt and on the basis of six sites per C1q. The C1q-binding affinity was found to be decreased to 1.04 X 10(4) M-1 in the reduced, monomerized fragment Facb. Under the same conditions F(ab)2, which is completely unable to activate the classical complement cascade, gave an apparent C1q-affinity of 0.36 X 10(4) M-1. The results, together with previous observations, led us to the conclusion that the C1q-binding site of rabbit IgG is constituted associatively by the pair of C gamma 2 domains, each of which providing a limited, complementary part of the binding free energy between IgG and C1q.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1986

Portable file management system in FORTRAN. II. The input/output routine for free-format text.

A software tool for inputing and outputing patient data (1/O routine) has been developed. Since this I/O routine is programmed exclusively in FORTRAN77, it will make a powerful tool for constructing a portable database system. Basically the routine manipulates an ASCII-coded text string that consists of lines demarcated by the CR code (13) and is terminated by the null code (0). The editing commands are preceded by one of the following ASCII characters: @, !, ], [, *, and _, and all the strings with an initial character other than these are interpreted as data to be inserted into the text. Since the routine uses two FORTRAN tools already reported, i.e. the subroutines to manipulate key files and the subroutines to manage variable length records, character strings can be stored without any restrictions in format or in size, and can be retrieved either sequentially or in an indexed manner.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Nephropathy of familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: report of a case.

A ninth Japanese patient afflicted with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency is described with emphasis on renal pathology. The most striking feature is massive deposition of lipid material in the glomeruli, particularly in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and in the mesangial region. The glomerular changes appear to be similar to that seen in some cases with cirrhosis of the liver. Lipid material contains a large amount of apolipoprotein-B detected by immunohistology. In two renal biopsies, taken three years apart, renal pathology is essentially the same and glomerular pathology is most characteristic. It is suggested that lipid deposition in glomeruli in this patient is rather slow. Family study of the present case reveals consanguinous marriages in the previous two generations suggesting the exaggerated gene expression of LCAT deficiency in this family.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Stereoselectivity of a potent calcium antagonist, 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Four enantiomers (3a-d) of the title compound, YM-09730 (3), were synthesized by the reaction of (-)- or (+)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2, 6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (1a or 1b) with (S)- or (R)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol (2a or 2b). [3H]Nitrendipine binding affinity and coronary vasodilating activity of these compounds were evaluated. The absolute configuration of the most potent enantiomer (3a) with the longest duration was unequivocally determined to be (S)-1,4-dihydropyridine-C4 and (S)-pyrrolidine-C3 (S,S) by X-ray crystallographic study on 3a X HBr as well as 3a X HCl. The configuration of 1a corresponds to R, and the other enantiomers of 3 were respectively determined by chemical correlation. The potency order of the four enantiomers was (S,S)-3a greater than (S,R)-3b greater than (R,R)-3d greater than (R,S)-3c. Latent chiral characters of nifedipine derivatives with the identical ester groups were assigned by comparison of their puckering modes of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) rings with those found in 3a X HCl or 3a X HBr. On the basis of the assignment, it has been revealed that the (S)-DHP nifedipine derivatives possess the synperiplanar carbonyl group at C5. The conformational restriction may be a factor causing stereoselectivity of antagonism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Carcinogenicity of N-alkyl-N-(1-hydroperoxyalkyl) nitrosamines after intravenous injections in F344 rats.

As model compounds of alpha-hydroxy N-nitrosamines, four alpha-hydroperoxy N-nitrosamines were tested for their carcinogenic potential in F344 rats by i.v. injections. Correlation between chemical structure and carcinogenic potencies with respect to target organs was examined. Compounds used in this study were N-methyl-N-(hydroperoxymethyl)nitrosamine (MHPMN), N-ethyl-N-(1-hydroperoxyethyl)nitrosamine (EHPEN), N-propyl-N-(1-hydroperoxypropyl)nitrosamine (PHPPN) and N-butyl-N-(1-hydroperoxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHPBN). All chemicals were dissolved in distilled water and rats received 10 X 1 weekly i.v. injections of these chemicals (10 X 1 weekly injection of 5 mg/kg of MHPMN or equimolar amounts of other chemicals). Lung tumors were detected in all groups of both sexes and the incidences were 100% in each group. Thyroid tumors were also observed with relatively high incidences in treated groups except BHPBN. In the control group, tumors were observed mainly in the testis or uterus, and only two lung tumors and one thyroid tumor were observed in females. Histologically, all lung tumors in the MHPMN group were adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas or a mixture of both types. In the EHPEN, PHPPN and BHPBN groups, especially in females, incidences of carcinomas decreased as the length of the alkyl chain of the compounds, and most of lung tumors in females of the PHPPN and BHPBN groups were adenomas. Many of the thyroid tumors observed in the treated groups were follicular adenomas/carcinomas, whereas C-cell adenomas were the most common type of spontaneous thyroid tumors in this strain of rats. These target organs were similar to those of alpha-acetoxy N-nitrosamines reported previously. The results indicate that the carcinogenic activities of these chemicals depend on the length of the alkyl chain and that organ specificity of these chemicals may differ from those of their mother compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of pyridoxine-deficiency on the turnover of aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in rat liver.

DL-[14C]Leucine or L-[3H]leucine was injected intraperitoneally into pyridoxine-deficient and control rats, and the subsequent incorporation of the radioactivities into aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) isozymes and the total soluble protein in the liver was measured. AspAT in the cytosol (AspATc) was separated into 3 subfractions with different characteristics on chromatofocusing. The results showed that in the liver of pyridoxine-deficient rats, the syntheses of all 3 subfractions of AspATc and degradation of AspATc (total) were increased, but that the syntheses and degradation of the total soluble protein and mitochondrial AspAT (AspATm) were not much different from those in control rats. The half-lives of soluble protein and AspATm were calculated to be 3.26-3.72 and 5.02-6.67 days, respectively, in both groups, and that of AspATc in control liver was found to be 4.78 days. The rate of degradation of AspATc in pyridoxine-deficient rat liver could not be calculated, because its kinetics were very complicated; there were apparently at least 2 components with different rates of degradation. Thus pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) apparently affects both the synthesis and degradation of AspATc, but does not affect the turnover of AspATm in rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Caudate hemorrhage.

Thirteen patients with caudate hemorrhage are described. All the hemorrhages were in the head of the caudate nucleus, and all the hemorrhages but one ruptured in the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. In 9 patients, the hemorrhage was related to hypertension and the patients were older. In the other 4 patients, the hemorrhage resulted from rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and the patients were under 40 years old. Clinical manifestations were nearly the same in both groups, suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage and including hemiparesis in most patients. In patients with hypertension, good recovery was obtained by conservative treatment and in those with ruptured AVMs, resection of AVMs through an anterior transcallosal approach may be safe and recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long-term results and its managements after coronary bypass surgery.

Between 1970 and 1985, 221 patients with coronary artery occlusive disease underwent aorto-coronary bypass (A-C bypass) and other procedures. Among these patients, 187 had A-C bypass alone and A-C bypass in addition to correction of valvular lesions or arterialization of the coronary vein, myocardial puncture by laser. The remaining 34 had surgical corrections for myocardial infarction and its complications. Subjects were 100 patients who underwent A-C bypass alone over 6 months ago and whose follow-up study could be performed in 93 survival cases [corrected]. Subsequently, 94% of the patients have met the criteria for grade I of NYHA functional capacity and have returned to normal work at a mean of 4 years and 2 months after surgery. Improved left ventricular function has been maintained postoperatively in the patients with complete revascularization. Improved operative technique, in addition to intraoperative balloon angioplasty and onlay patch grafting, have increased the patency rate (78% in 1 mm, 94% in 2 mm of coronary diameter) of the grafts with postoperative anticoagulant therapy. On the basis of our long-term observations, coronary bypass surgery, particularly in complete revascularization, provides for significant improvement in both the quality and life expectancy of patients with severe coronary heart disease. Treadmill exercise test and magnetic resonance image (MRI) were useful, non-invasive and acceptable examinations in long-term follow up.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of ornithine aminotransferase in rat kidney by estradiol and pyridoxine.

Increased synthesis of ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13] (OAT) in the kidney of pyridoxine-deficient rats has been reported previously (Ikeda, M. and Okada, M. (1985): J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 31, 553-561). In this report the effects of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (T3) and estradiol on OAT activity in the kidney of rats given pyridoxine-deficient and control diets were studied. T3 induced renal OAT activity in rats given the control diet but not in those given the pyridoxine-deficient diet. On the other hand, estradiol induced renal OAT activity in both deficient and control rats, the levels induced in the two groups being the same. Maximal induction of OAT occurred at a lower dose of estradiol in pyridoxine-deficient rats than in the controls. When rats fed on pyridoxine-deficient diet were pretreated with pyridoxine for several days, OAT induction by estradiol was suppressed. Thus pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) may modulate OAT activity in rat kidney through the action of estradiol.

Animals↗