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Biomedical subjects

M Ohyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohyama.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinical application of the smell identification test].

Clinical application of the standardized "scratch and sniff" olfactory test in Japanese is described. Over 300 subjects participated in three experiments. In experiment 1, 29 odorants used in the smell identification test were rated as to their experiences. The ratios of the experiences in each combination of odorants were compared. In experiment 2, the test was applied to normal subjects. Average test scores decreased as a function of age, with the greatest decline occurring between the sixth and tenth decades of life. In experiment 3, the test was shown to differentiate between subjects with olfactory disorders and normal controls. This self-administered test now makes it possible to rapidly and accurately assess general olfactory function in the laboratory, clinic, or through the mail without complex equipment or space consuming stores of chemicals.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Carbohydrate structure of glycoconjugate in the murine eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice].

In this study, neuraminidase (sialidase) and 6 different lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), and Amaranthin, were used to histochemically characterize the carbohydrate structure of glycoconjugate in the murine eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice. A microwave irradiation technique was used to reduce the incubation time and background staining. After neuraminidase treatment, WGA, LFA, MAA, Amaranthin, and PNA stained epithelial goblet cells, glandular mucous cells, cell surfaces, and the mucous blanket. Without neuraminidase treatment, SNA and PNA did not stain any secretory cells. These results revealed that sialoglycoconjugates in the murine eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice are produced from epithelial goblet cells and glandular mucous cells, are present on cell surfaces and within the mucous blanket, and that their terminal trisaccharide linkage appears to be the sequence Neu5Ac (alpha 2-3) Gal (beta 1-3) GalNAc.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Bending and torsion fractures in long bones (a mechanical and radiologic assessment of clinical cases).

Long bone injuries in clinical cases are studied by comparison of roentgenograms with a rational mechanical analysis of the injuries. Fractures produced by torsional loads have a spiral shape with a smooth and even surface. Fractures induced by bending loads have uneven and rugged fracture surfaces perpendicular to the bone axis. Long bones are weak in torsion but strong in tensile stress produced by bending. This result corresponds to the clinical fact that a large direct external force is needed to produce a transverse fracture while a spiral fracture is produced by a relatively small torque.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical and immunological study on non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma in nasosinus region].

Twenty-eight cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in nasosinus region were studied for tumor-surface marker phenotype, anti-HTLV-I antibody titer and histopathologic correlation with clinical features. The incidence of these cases was 25% of all lymphomas in head and neck region from 1978 to 1987. In 16 cases, 12 (75%) had T-cell markers and 4 (25%) had B-cell markers. Of 11 cases, 6 (54.5%) were anti-HTLV-I antibody carriers. Five year survival ratio of all patients was 4.5%. The survival curve for T-cell lymphoma patients was characterized by a rapid initial decline. The survivals of the group of anti-HTLV-I antibody carriers was estimated inferior to those of non-carriers. Correlation of HTLV-I to prognosis of these patients was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Sensorineural hearing loss following the decompression of the facial nerve].

This study aims to ascertain whether sensorineural hearing loss occurs after the decompression of the facial nerve. Nine patients have undergone decompression of the facial nerve (limited to the vertical segment) by the transmastoid approach were selected as the subjects of this study because the influence of disinfectants and surgical trauma on the inner ear seems to be less severe in this operation than in tympanoplasty. Additionally, this approach seems to be more suitable for judgement of the effect of the drilling noise induced acoustic trauma on the inner ear than tympanoplasty. Though high tone abrupt sensorineural hearing loss was occurred in the operated ear in seven patients, no changes in hearing level were found in the contralateral side ear. Bekesy audiometry performed in only one case revealed Jerger II which suggested some disorder in the cochlea. Not only acoustic trauma induced by the drilling noise but also labyrinthitis occurred via the opened facial canal and the internal ear canal seemed to be the cause of sensorineural hearing loss following the decompression of the facial nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative study of UFT enteric-coated granules with UFT capsules on the occurrence of side effects in patients with head and neck cancers--a special attention to the upper gastrointestinal tract disorders].

A comparative study on the occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects between UFT enteric-coated granules (UE) and UFT capsules (UC) was made by crossover method in 50 patients with head and neck cancer who were treated by these drugs as a surgical and/or radiation adjuvant chemotherapy. UE was significantly low in the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal side effects; remarkably low in such side effects as nausea and vomiting, in particular. On the other hand, there was little difference between UE and UC in the occurrence of such side effects as diarrhea, stomatitis, dry mouth and hematotoxic signs. The present result suggests that UE is clinically useful for treating the patients with cancer, with less occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the Kagoshima University Hospital--special attention to prevalence in otolaryngological infectious disease].

A retrospective study of the characteristics of MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus) in Kagoshima University Hospital and its ENT department was reported. There were 231 samples (104 strains) MRSA in all S. aureus 448 samples from Jan. to Sep. 1989 in Kagoshima University Hospital, in which 58 strains (55.8%) were coagulase type II and 35 strains (33.7%) were type VII. The much more predominant numbers of MRSA were observed in all the cases inpatients clinics in surgery, pediatrics, urology, gynecology and dermatology than internal medicine as well as outpatients clinics. In ENT department of this hospital, only 15.4% of all S. aureus were MRSA. On the other hand, bacteriological survey showed 26% of MRSA out of all S. aureus which were detected at Tokyo clinical research center on otorrhea in the patients with chronic otitis media as multicenter clinical trial of Japan. Two cases involved by MRSA after postoperative administration of many types of antibiotics were also demonstrated. These MRSAs were producing type II coagulase and very high concentrations of MICs to many antibiotics were observed. But these cases were not severe and MINO (minocyclin) or GM (gentamicin) were so effective. The effect of combined therapy of some antibiotics or antimicrobial agents was discussed briefly.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Application of phosphoenolpyruvate into the preparation of frozen and thawed red cells.

Current standards recommend that red cells (RBCs) should be frozen within 5 days of donation. However, the guideline regarding freezing of RBCs may be cause difficulties in cases that autologous or rare units intended for transfusion may not be used as scheduled. Therefore, we examined how to freeze the RBCs after prolonged liquid storage. Standard units were stored at 4 degrees C for 21 days, incubated with rejuvenant solution containing 50 mM phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and then frozen at -80 degrees C for 4 weeks. RBCs recovery after deglycerolization procedure was 80 +/- 4% of the original value, which was similar to the level seen in fresh RBCs and twice that in nontreated units. The incubation of old RBCs with PEP not only increased ATP and 2,3-DPG levels, but also facilitated the transformation of crenated erythrocytes to discocytes. These results indicated that RBCs after maximum liquid storage could be frozen by rejuvenation with PEP solution, which would be expected to give adequate recovery of viable RBCs after processing for FTRC.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1989

Three cases of Wegener's granulomatosis treated with an antimicrobial agent.

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, an antimicrobial agent, was used to treat three cases of cytotoxic agent-resistant Wegener's granulomatosis; one case was refractory to a regimen consisting of azathioprine and prednisolone, and in another two cases the therapy was insufficient to control the disease. By the introduction of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, which has an advantage of fewer side effects compared with the conventional agents, into the regimen, the disease condition was markedly improved in all cases within four months. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is thus considered as one of the most promising drugs to treat, especially, cytotoxic agent-resistant Wegener's granulomatosis. The possible underlying mechanism of the effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is also described.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Activation of inactive kallikrein in the rat kidney during low sodium intake.

A method was developed to measure the protease responsible for activation of inactive kallikrein in the rat kidney. The renal protease was evaluated by incubating the purified rat urinary inactive kallikrein with the renal cortical extract in the presence of cysteine at pH 5.0. The renal cortical extract produced a dose- and time-dependent activation of the inactive kallikrein. Levels of the renal protease responsible for activation of inactive kallikrein remained unchanged with dietary sodium restriction. On the other hand, urinary excretion of total, active, and inactive kallikrein increased significantly during low sodium intake, with no change in the ratio of active to total kallikrein. These results suggest that low sodium intake stimulates the biosynthesis of inactive kallikrein but not the activation of this kallikrein precursor in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Analgesic activity of spiradoline mesylate (U-62,066E), a kappa opioid agonist in mice.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic potency of spiradoline mesylate, a k(kappa) opioid agonist, in comparison with that of morphine, by hot plate, tail-pinch and acetic acid-induced writhing assay. The ED50 values of spiradoline in hot plate, tail-pinch and acetic acid-induced writhing assay were 0.46, 0.26 and 0.20 mg/kg, respectively. The analgesic potency of spiradoline was 1.5-7.0 times higher than that of morphine. Repeated treatment with spiradoline as well as morphine developed tolerance to the analgesic effect in hot plate assay. In mice developed tolerance to one analgesic, response to the other analgesic did not alter compared to saline-treated mice. Single administration of spiradoline (1.5 and 3 mg/kg, s.c.) did not inhibit morphine-induced analgesia. These results suggest that spiradoline has more potent analgesic activity than morphine, presumably mediated through stimulation of receptors different from morphine.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1989

Human endothelial cell growth factors derived from thyroid anaplastic cell carcinoma.

Human endothelial cell growth factors were partially isolated from transplanted thyroid anaplastic cell carcinoma propagated in nude mice. Purification was monitored in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell cultures by (3H)-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Crude tumor extracts with 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.2 were fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The active materials precipitated by 35% to 50% ammonium sulfate were further purified by Bio-Rex 70 (Bio-Rad, Richmond, Calif.) cation exchange chromatography. Active fractions eluted by 0.5 M to 0.7 M NaCl were further analyzed via heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. This resulted in separation of one major peak eluted by 0.9 M to 1.2 M NaCl and confirmed to promote human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell proliferations, and three other peaks. The molecular weight determination of the most active fraction performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography utilizing TSK 2000 gel column indicates 41,000 and 19,000 daltons for the active materials, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the angiogenesis properties of a solid tumor (thyroid anaplastic cell carcinoma), are not composed of a simple mechanism in vivo.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study on the air streams in the paranasal sinus].

Air streams in the paranasal sinus were investigated using Nose-Sinus Model to contribute to the fundamental knowledge of aerosol therapy. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The velocity of air streams in the paranasal sinus was measured by Laser Doppler Anemometer and the visualization of streams was done by Laser Light Sheet method. 2. The amount of aerosol passed into the maxillary sinus is approximately in proportion to the sectional area of the ostium. 3. A considerable amount of aerosol passing into the sinus was noted under LLS technique applying positive pressure from the choana. From the above results, it is necessary for the effective entrance of aerosol into the sinus first to open the middle meatus wide and to add the intermittent pressure.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1989

[Cytotoxicity of dental iodine glycerin on cultured mammalian cells].

Cytotoxicity of dental iodine glycerin was studied using cultured Chinese hamster lung cells (V79 cells). Treatment with dental iodine glycerin at 0.33 - 0.1v/v% for 24 to 72 hr elicited a minor inhibition of growth of V79 cells. The cell growth, however, was remarkably inhibited when the cells were treated with dental iodine glycerin at 0.3v/v%. No inhibitory effect on survival of V79 cells was observed in cultures treated with dental iodine glycerin at 0.03 - 0.1v/v% for 2 to 24 hr. Meanwhile, treatment with dental iodine glycerin at 0.3v/v% for 2 hr or more induced 100% inhibition of cell survival. Exposure of cells to dental iodine glycerin at 0.3v.v% for 2 hr caused decrease in DNA, RNA or protein synthesis of the cells up to 54.4% of untreated cells. These results indicate that there is a big difference in cytotoxicity induced by treatment of V79 cells with dental iodine glycerin at concentrations between 0.1v/v% and 0.3v.v%, and that treatment with dental iodine glycerin induced inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of the cells and the inhibition occurs even by the treatment which causes no reduction of cell survival.

Animals↗