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Biomedical subjects

M Ohyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohyama.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Multidisciplinary treatment, including laser hyperthermia, for extensive regional metastasis of a penile tumor.

BACKGROUND: There is no reliable treatment for penile tumor with lymph node metastasis. METHODS: We report on a patient with a penile tumor with extensive regional metastasis that was successfully managed with combined laser hyperthermia, radiation and chemotherapy. RESULTS: The patient has survived more than 7 years without evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary treatment, including laser hyperthermia, may be useful for the treatment of regional metastasis of penile tumor.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1999

Cerebellar activation during ataxic gait in olivopontocerebellar atrophy: a PET study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible abnormal regional brain metabolism during ataxic gait in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), and to evaluate the response of the cerebellar subregions to instability during bipedal gait. MATERIAL AND METHODS: On 9 patients with OPCA in early phase and on 10 age-matched normal subjects, we performed positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) under two different conditions: supine resting and 30 min treadmill walking. RESULTS: Both in normals and in patients with OPCA, the FDG uptake in the walking state (Uwalk) was significantly greater than that in the resting state (Urest) in the pyramis, declive-folium-tuber and culmen of the cerebellar vermis, and in the thalamus. In the patients, the Uwalk was also significantly greater than the Urest in the posterior lobe of cerebellar hemisphere and in the pons and midbrain. In the pyramis, the activation ratio (= Uwalk/Urest) of the patients was significantly lower than that of the normals. CONCLUSIONS: We considered that these findings reflect the pathophysiology of ataxic gait in OPCA patients and the compensatory mechanism for the instability during ataxic gait.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Human papillomavirus DNA sequences and p53 over-expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Northeast China.

One-hundred-two patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Northeast China were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with Southern blot hybridization, and for p53 over-expression by immunohistochemical staining. HPV DNAs were found in 60 cases (58.8%). HPV-16, -18, -6, -11, and -33 DNAs were detected in 30 cases, 22 cases, 25 cases, two cases, and one case, respectively. In addition, coinfection either with HPV-6 and -16 or with HPV-6 and -18 was detected in 20 cases (33.3% of HPV DNA-positive cases). p53 over-expression was observed in 60 patients (58.8%). p53 was over-expressed significantly in the poorly-differentiated SCC and in patients with metastasis to lymph nodes (P < 0.05, respectively). Both HPV DNA and p53-expression were positive in 35 patients, and negative in 17 patients. Either HPV DNA or p53-expression were positive in 50 patients (25 cases each). Although p53 was detected in 35 (58.3%) of HPV-positive patients, there was no significant correlation between HPV infection and p53 over-expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas of Northeast China.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Metabolite analysis of [11C]flumazenil in human plasma: assessment as the standardized value for quantitative PET studies.

Analysis of carbon-11 labeled metabolites in plasma was carried out during positron emission tomography (PET) studies with a central benzodiazepine receptor ligand [11C]flumazenil ([11C]FMZ) in 24 human subjects (14-76 y.o.) including five normal volunteers and 19 patients with neurological disorders. Arterial plasma samples were obtained at 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 min after i.v. injection of the tracer, and were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of plasma [11C]FMZ degradation was associated with a large individual variation, but no significant difference was found in the degradation of [11C]FMZ either between male and female, young and old, or between normal subjects and patient groups. When the mean fraction of unchanged [11C]FMZ at each time point was used instead of individually measured metabolite data for the arterial input function, as much as a 30% error occurred in the distribution volume of the [11C]FMZ binding in the brain. These results indicate that the mean percentage of unchanged [11C]FMZ fraction in subjects cannot be used as the standardized value, and that the analysis of metabolites in plasma is necessary to determine the exact arterial input function for quantitative PET measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Neurochemical and behavioral characterization of potential antidepressant properties of indeloxazine hydrochloride.

The potential antidepressant properties of indeloxazine hydrochloride were examined in vitro and in vivo. Indeloxazine showed preferential affinity for both [3H] citalopram (Ki: 22.1 nM) and [3H]nisoxetine binding sites (Ki: 18.9 nM) in membranes of the rat cerebral cortex. In microdialysis studies, intraperitoneal injection of indeloxazine (3 and 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased the extracellular level of both serotonin and norepinephrine in rat frontal cortex of freely moving rats. Amitriptyline was almost equivalent to indeloxazine in these two assays with the exception of a much weaker effect on extracellular serotonin levels. Spontaneous [3H]serotonin release from rat cortical synaptosomes was significantly enhanced by indeloxazine (10-1000 nM). In behavioral studies, indeloxazine increased the number of wheel rotations in forced swimming tests in both ICR mice (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and SAMP8//YAN, a substrain of senescence-accelerated mouse (20 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.). Indeloxazine (3-10 mg/kg p.o.) also inhibited the incidence of muricide in raphe-lesioned rats. These results suggest that indeloxazine is an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine uptake and has potential antidepressant properties. In addition, the drug-induced enhancement of serotonin release may contribute to its potent effects on the serotonergic system in vivo.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1998

A new treatment for penile conservation in penile carcinoma: a preliminary study of combined laser hyperthermia, radiation and chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of laser hyperthermia in penis-conserving therapy for penile carcinoma. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Penile carcinoma KPK-1 cells were transplanted into nude mice to induce tumour; the effects of laser hyperthermia, the chemotherapeutic agent peplomycin, or their combination on the inhibition of KPK-1 tumour growth were assessed. In a clinical study, two patients with well-differentiated, stage T2 penile tumours with corporeal involvement were treated to conserve the penis using concurrent radiation, laser hyperthermia and peplomycin. They had no pathologically identified regional lymph node metastasis. Radiation was given for 5 days a week for 3 weeks at a total dose of 30 Gy. Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia was administered at 42-43 degrees C for 15 min twice a week for 3 weeks immediately after radiation. Peplomycin (10 mg per day) was administered intravenously over 24 h together with the laser hyperthermia. RESULTS: The combined treatment with laser hyperthermia and peplomycin completely inhibited KPK-1 tumour growth, but the treatment with either laser hyperthermia or peplomycin alone had little effect. The results were also corroborated by the histopathological findings; the necrotic area in mice treated with combined therapy was much larger than that in those treated with laser hyperthermia alone. Both patients given combined laser hyperthermia, radiation and peplomycin were treated successfully, with the penis and sexual function conserved, and both survived for > 7 years with no evidence of any local or regional recurrence. There were no major complications related to the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study showed that combined treatment with laser hyperthermia, radiation and peplomycin might be a promising therapy for conserving the penis in some patients with stage T2 penile tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Anti-MRSA activity of sophoraflavanone G and synergism with other antibacterial agents.

Anti-MRSA activity of sophoraflavanone G (SFG) and synergism between SFG and antibacterial agents against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated by means of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). The MICs of SFG against 27 strains of MRSA ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms ml-1. Synergism between SFG and vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) or fosfomycin (FOM) was observed (the fraction inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices were 0.16 and 0.48), while partial synergism was admitted between SFG and other antibacterial agents such as methicillin (DMPPC), cefzonam (CZON), gentamicin (GM), minocycline (MINO) and levofloxacin (LVFX) (the FIC indices were 0.71, 0.73, 0.69, 0.65 and 0.58, respectively). These findings suggest that SFG in combination with VCM or FOM may be useful in controlling MRSA infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Retinoblastoma protein expression and prognosis in laryngeal cancer.

Expression of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was immunohistochemically examined in laryngeal squamous cell neoplasias from 72 patients. Staining patterns were considered with reference to such prognostic factors as patient's age, histologic grade, tumour size and lymph node status, and 5-year survival rate. Rb protein negativity, either partial or complete, was noted in 28.8% of cases and was associated with a significantly lower 5-year survival rate, as well as with a higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis. This suggests that Rb alteration may be a prognostic indicator in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Distribution and quantity of neuroendocrine markers in allergic rhinitis.

Neuroendocrine components exist in the human nasal mucosa. However, the pathophysiological and neuroimmunological roles of the regulatory peptides in allergic rhinitis (AR) require further investigation. To analyse the functional morphology and quantify the tissue concentration of regulatory peptides in the nasal mucosa of AR subjects, human inferior turbinate mucosa specimens from 25 patients with AR, 20 patients with non-allergic rhinitis and 10 patients without any nasal diseases were investigated. Using immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassays, we detected the presence, distribution and concentrations of various neuropeptides [vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] and general neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A). Quantitative analysis of the stained fibres and cells was performed using a graphic AutoCAD program. The presence and distribution of NPY, CGRP and SP nerve fibres and neuroendocrine cells were similar among the three subject groups. AR subjects had significantly higher tissue concentrations of VIP and SP. AR subjects had increased numbers of VIP fibres which predominantly innervated vessels. Thus, VIP and SP play important neuroimmunological roles in the pathogenesis of AR.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

Bilateral representation of language function. Agenesis of corpus callosum by Wada and PET activation.

A 33-year-old right-handed man with intermittent headache was found to have agenesis of the corpus callosum. He underwent magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and detailed neuropsychologic tests, including a Wada test. There was bilateral representation of language, and a PET activation study with word repetition revealed bilateral areas of activation that were not completely symmetric. These findings and the literature concerning agenesis of the corpus callosum are discussed as is the possible compensatory mechanism for absence of the corpus callosum, which is important for cross-communication.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The interaction between vitamin A and thiazolidinedione on bovine adipocyte differentiation in primary culture.

We studied the effects of a thiazolidinedione (T-174) and retinoids on adipocyte differentiation in beef cattle. Stromal-vascular (SV) cells containing preadipocytes were prepared from perirenal adipose tissue of 21-mo-old Japanese Black steers. After confluence, these cells were cultured in 25 microM T-174, which is a specific ligand for an adipogenesis stimulating nuclear receptor (i.e., gamma subtype of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPARgamma]), with 1 microM all-trans retinoic acid (RA) or .4 to 40 microg/100 mL of retinol for 10 to 14 d. The number of cells accumulating lipid droplets was counted as morphologically differentiated adipocytes, and the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), a biochemical index for the differentiation, was determined. The number of lipid-laden cells and GPDH activity were increased by the addition of T-174. All-trans retinoic acid completely blocked the stimulative action of T-174. The addition of retinol also decreased the number of lipid-laden cells and GPDH activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results showed that the thiazolidinedione stimulated adipocyte differentiation and the retinoids blocked the adipogenesis induced by the thiazolidinedione in primary culture of bovine SV cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma may play an important role in adipocyte differentiation, and retinoids may interfere with the action of PPARgamma in cattle.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1997

Molecular epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in EBV-related malignancies.

The prevalent strain of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in EBV-related malignancies and in healthy adults in Southern Japan was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In EBV-related gastric cancers, 51/73 cases were subtype A, 4 were subtype B and the EBNA-2 region was not amplified in 18 cases. Sixty-three were wild-type F, and only one was variant "f". Sixty-one cases had type C and 2 type D. EBNA-2 subtype A was found in 10/12 EBV-related T/NK-cell lymphomas, and 11 samples harbored the wild-type F. Neither subtype B nor the "f" variant was detected. Type C EBV was found in 8 cases and type D in 3 specimens. Two Japanese nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) harbored subtype A with wild-type F and type C. Throat washings from healthy adults harbored wild-type F virus in 60/153 cases, and 25 of these samples were EBNA-2 subtype A. Type C viruses were detected in 92% of cases and type D in 7.4%. Therefore, the prevalent strain in EBV-related malignancies in Southern Japan was the same as in the healthy population in this geographical region.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Demonstration of antibodies against human papillomavirus type-11 E6 and L2 proteins in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is highly prevalent in Thailand, with the human papillomavirus (HPV) type-11 being the most widespread. In this study, we isolated the HPV type-11 (HPV-11) genome from subjects with RRP and subcloned the E6 and L2 open reading frames (ORFs) with the expression vectors pEX1 and pEX3. The recombinant E6/beta-gal and L2/beta-gal fusion proteins were expressed in E. coli. Using the recombinant proteins, we demonstrated the presence of antibodies against HPV-11 E6 and L2 in RRP patients by Western blot analysis. The prevalence of seropositivity for HPV-11 E6 and L2 were 5% (1/20) and 10% (2/20), respectively. Although RRP is caused by infection on the mucosal surface, it appears that an immune response occurs against viral proteins expressed in the epithelial lesions.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1997

Reduced sialylation of glycoproteins in nasal glands of patients with chronic sinusitis.

This study was conducted to investigate the sialylations of glycoproteins in the nasal glands of patients with chronic sinusitis. Sialic acids were detected using lectin histochemistry, and the mRNA of sialyltransferase was evaluated by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), which recognizes terminal sialic acids, strongly stained the glandular mucous cells of normal subjects, but not those of patients with chronic sinusitis. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the expression of alpha2,6 sialyltransferase mRNA was decreased in the secretory cells of patients with chronic sinusitis. Our present results suggest that a reduction in sialyltransferase activity at the mRNA level in the nasal glands may lead to the persistence of chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Expression of glycoconjugates in normal and Sjögren's syndrome labial glands.

Glyconjugate expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded Sjögren's syndrome labial glands (nine cases) was compared with that in normal glands (12 samples) using a wide panel of lectins. Mucous cells expressed mainly mucous-type glycoproteins including sialyl, fucosyl, galactosyl and galactosaminosyl residues, and some N-linked glycoconjugates. Demilunar cells expressed mainly alpha D-mannose, GlcNAc and Gal beta 1.3-GalNAc. Duct cells and cellular glycocalyx expressed O-linked and N-linked residues. Sjögren's syndrome samples showed a statistically significant increase in the expression of GlcNAc. A significantly decreased expression of Gal beta 1,3-GalNAc and alpha D-mannose, residues not usually present in mucous cells, was found (p < 0.05). This suggests that anatomic rather than functional alterations determine mucous cell impairment and the symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Immediate histological changes in soft palate after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with CO2, contact Nd:YAG or combined CO2 and Nd:YAG laser beams.

CO2, contact Nd:YAG and Combolaser (combined, simultaneous and coaxial CO2 + Nd:YAG laser beam) were used for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). It has been proposed that the combined beam geometry diminishes thermal damage to surrounding tissues when compared with single laser radiation. To study the extent of thermal tissue damage produced by the lasers, tissue samples for light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were taken from the surface of the resected area and 2 and 4 mm below the resection plane. The depth of tissue damage and coagulation was measured. The results showed no consistent differences in the inflammatory reactions or the amount and depth of tissue coagulation observed in samples taken immediately after the operation. The CO2 laser typically produced a carbonized and coagulated wound edge. Combolaser and contact Nd:YAG lasers generated slightly less charring but otherwise resembled each other with coagulated and vacuolized resecate margins. These results indicate that the beam geometry in Combolaser does not diminish thermal damage to surrounding tissues.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

A study of glycoconjugates in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with correlation to clinical transformation.

Little is known about the glycoconjugate changes in human nasopharyngeal epithelium following neoplastic changes. Glycoconjugate histochemistry (Glycine maximus (SBA), Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSA-II), Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Canavalia ensiformis (ConA)) were performed on the following nasopharyngeal biopsies: 10 adenoid tissues (benign controls), 10 chronic inflammation, 20 squamous metaplasia, 20 undifferentiated carcinoma and 5 squamous cell carcinoma. These results were correlated with the clinical transformations findings. Strong ConA and PNA staining (after neuraminidase treatment (NA)) characterized a subpopulation of squamous metaplasia subjects who later transformed to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Strong ConA and PNA (before and after NA) depicted the majority of undifferentiated carcinoma subjects having local recurrence following irradiation therapy. In squamous metaplasia, ConA and PNA (after NA) staining may serve as a warning sign for neoplastic changes. Strong stainings for ConA and PNA (before and after NA) in undifferentiated carcinoma subjects may predict a risk for local recurrence.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗