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Biomedical subjects

M Ohtsuka

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohtsuka.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Serum sialyl lewis X-i antigen levels in non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with distant metastasis and survival.

To evaluate the correlation between serum levels of sialyl Lewis X-i antigen and distant metastasis and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we measured the serum levels of the tumor marker in 371 patients with untreated NSCLC. The sialyl Lewis X-i antigen level was measured using a RIA kit. In patients with adenocarcinoma or other NSCLC subtypes, there was a correlation between serum sialyl Lewis X-i antigen and stage of the disease (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0015, respectively). Levels of the marker varied significantly depending on the number of metastatic organs in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0089) and in other NSCLC subtypes (P = 0.002). Univariate analysis showed that survival of NSCLC patients with high (more than 100 units/ml) sialyl Lewis X-i antigen levels was significantly poorer than that of patients with low antigen levels (P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model showed that high sialyl Lewis X-i antigen levels correlated significantly with poor survival (P = 0.004). Our data suggest that a high serum level of sialyl Lewis X-i antigen seems to be an indicator of the presence of metastasis and might indicate the need for a careful investigation of all putative metastatic sites. The serum levels of sialyl Lewis X-i antigen may reflect the extension of metastasis and would be helpful in considering treatment options.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on tracheal smooth muscle of guinea-pigs in vitro.

1. The effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on airway smooth muscle is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether the action of CGRP on tracheal strips of guinea-pigs is modulated by epithelium and whether this peptide-induced action involves other mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1. 2. CGRP produced a weak dose-dependent increase in guinea-pig tracheal tension in vitro (-logEC50 = 8.5 +/- 0.1, maximum contraction = 8.3 +/- 1.2% of 50 mM KCl-induced contraction, n = 6). In epithelium-depleted preparations, CGRP (10(-7) M)-induced contraction was significantly potentiated from 9.0 +/- 1.9% to 41.1 +/- 6.0% (n = 6). 3. L-NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10(-4) M), which inhibits NO synthesis, enhanced the contractile response to CGRP from 9.0 +/- 1.9% to 31.2 +/- 1.1% (n = 6). Indomethacin (10(-5) M) also enhanced the response to CGRP, although the effect was weak (13.4 +/- 3.2%, n = 6). 4. Anti-ET-1 serum changed the CGRP-induced contraction into a relaxation. After incubation of the trachea with ET-1 (10(-7) M) to attenuate ET-1-induced responses, the CGRP-induced contraction also changed into a relaxation. BQ-123 (an ETA receptor antagonist) and BQ-788 (an ETB receptor antagonist) caused the same conversion of the CGRP response, from contraction to relaxation, although the relaxing effect elicited by BQ-788 was more potent than that by BQ-123. Maximum inhibitory responses were -31.0 +/- 3.3% and -13.0 +/- 2.3% of 50 mM KCl-induced contraction, respectively (n = 6). 5. In primary culture, guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells released ET-1, and CGRP (10(-5) M) significantly increased the release of ET-1. 6. These data suggest that the action of CGRP is modulated by airway epithelium and this mechanism involves the release of NO and ET-1. Especially, the majority of contractile action elicited by CGRP consists of an action of ET-1 via the predominant ETB receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Reduced hepatic functional reserve in cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice with special reference to histological morphometric analysis and galactose elimination capacity.

To evaluate liver dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ), morphological and functional hepatic mass was analyzed in comparison with cirrhosis (LC). Total hepatic parenchymal ratio (THPR) was estimated by morphometric analysis and hepatic functional mass by galactose tolerance test (GaTT) in 30 patients who underwent hepatectomy. The value of GaTT in patients with LC was remarkably depressed compared to those with normal liver function (p < 0.001). It was also depressed in OJ (p < 0.05 vs. normal liver), but less than in LC (p < 0.05). However, THPR decreased only in LC (p < 0.05 vs. either normal liver or OJ). A significant correlation between the value of GaTT and THPR was revealed in patients with LC, but not in OJ. These results suggested that liver dysfunction in OJ was independent of the decreased number of hepatocytes, differing from LC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Implication of sensory neurons in the diverse mechanisms of adaptive cytoprotection in the rat stomach.

Adaptive cytoprotection is mediated by diverse mediators and mechanisms. We investigated the implication of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons in the adaptive cytoprotection in the rat stomach, taking special notice of nitric oxide, prostaglandins and luminal dilution. Sensory deafferentation abolished the protective effect of capsaicin against 0.6 N HCl-induced gastric injury but not the indomethacin-resistant or NG-nitro-L-arginine-resistant adaptive cytoprotection conferred by 0.1 N NaOH. Nor did it attenuate the protection by 0.35 N HCl which accompanied luminal dilution. These findings suggest that certain mild irritants do not require sensory neurons to provide nitric oxide- and prostaglandins-mediated adaptive cytoprotection and, furthermore, that capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons are not crucial, either, so long as there is a contribution of luminal dilution in the adaptive cytoprotection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of width and morphology of the inferior cortex of the mandible on panoramic radiographs in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: The width and morphology of the mandibular inferior cortex on panoramic radiographs were compared with trabecular bone mineral density (TBMD) of the 3rd lumbar vertebrae (L3) measured by dual energy quantitative computed tomography in 29 premenopausal and 95 postmenopausal women. RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between the width (Kendall's tau = -0.36, p < 0.001) and morphology (Kendall's tau = -0.49, p < 0.001) of the mandibular inferior cortex and the L3 TBMD. Regression analysis showed that significant linear relationships were observed between the L3 TBMD and age (p < 0.001), cortical width (p < 0.05), morphology (p < 0.05), controlling body mass index, number of teeth present and menopausal status (R2 = 0.42). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that panoramic radiography could be reliable in screening for osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal desmoglein expression by squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Abnormal expression of cell adhesion molecules and related proteins has been observed in various carcinoma cells. We compared expression patterns of desmosomal cadherins, E-cadherin, and cytoplasmic plaque proteins of four different human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and in vivo squamous cell carcinoma cells with those of normal human keratinocytes. Unlike normal human keratinocytes, the squamous cell carcinoma cells, both in culture and in vivo, exhibited diminished or unusual expression of desmoglein 3 and desmoglein 1, which bear pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus antigens, respectively. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic plaque proteins such as desmoplakin and plakoglobin was also observed. Western blotting study demonstrated that three squamous cell carcinoma cell lines expressed two desmogleins with a predominant 150 kDa molecule, and a minor 130 kDa one. Although these molecular sizes were similar to those of cultured normal human keratinocytes, the 130 kDa desmoglein, which usually carries pemphigus antigenic epitopes, was weakly or negatively reactive with pemphigus vulgaris serum. One squamous cell carcinoma cell line showed a doublet of 140 and 145 kDa bands in addition to the 130 kDa band. All the carcinoma cell lines constantly expressed desmoglein 2 and desmoglein 3 mRNA, whereas cultured normal human keratinocytes always expressed desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 mRNA, with or without desmoglein 2 mRNA. These findings indicate that the squamous cell carcinoma cells revealed abnormal expression of desmoglein isoforms, which may be related to tumor cell kinetics such as cell invasion and metastasis.

Antigens↗
PubMed1996

[Invasive thymoma associated with pure red cell aplasia and lung cancer].

A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with vertigo and general fatigue. Examination of his blood and bone marrow showed pure red cell aplasia. His chest X-ray film revealed an anterior mediastinal mass and a nodular shadow in the right lower lobe. Extended thymothymectomy and right lower lobectomy were done. The mediastinal mass appeared to be an invasive thymoma and the nodular shadow in the right lower lobe proved to be from an adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with radiation and steroids. Thymoma, pure red cell aplasia, and lung cancer had not recurred and he was alive and well as of 2 years after surgery.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of mRNAs encoding muscarinic receptor subtypes in human detrusor muscle.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the muscarinic receptor subtypes corresponding to m1 to m5 genes in human detrusor muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mRNAs encoding m2 and m3 subtypes were assessed by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amounts of cDNA synthesized from m2 and m3 mRNAs were measured by using subcloned plasmid DNAs. The distribution of m2 and m3 mRNAs in detrusor was estimated by comparing the amount of m2 cDNA with that of m3 cDNA. RESULTS: The m2 mRNA:m3 mRNA ratio was 1.06:1.00 in human detrusor. In the cryostat sections of human detrusor, the presence of both m2 and m3 mRNAs was confirmed by in situ hybridization. However, the RT-PCR products derived from m1, m4 and m5 subtype mRNAs were not detected. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that human detrusor muscle coexpresses muscarinic m2 and m3 receptors and that the populations of the 2 subtypes are not significantly different.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[A case of carcinoid tumor of left superior trunk treated by sleeve upper lobectomy].

A case of bronchial carcinoid was reported. A 39-year-old male was suffered from recurrent pneumonia. Bronchofiberscopy revealed a polipoid tumor nearly obstructing left superior bronchial trunk. CT scan showed a round tumor about 1 cm in diameter. Resection of the tumor was carried out by sleeve upper lobe loectomy. Histological diagnosis was typical carcinoid, and there was no lymph node matastasis. Postoperative course was uneventful. Granulation and stenosis were not observed at the part of anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Diffuse malignant mesothelioma associated with asbestos pleurisy].

Asbestos pleurisy is relatively uncommon among patients who present with pleural fluid. Association of diffuse malignant mesothelioma with asbestos pleurisy has not been reported in Japan, although 10 cases have been reported in the world literature. We encountered a 51-year-old man in whom diffuse malignant mesothelioma developed during a 5-year course of asbestos pleurisy. Mesothelial cells in patients with asbestos pleurisy are likely to be exposed to asbestos for a long time, which may increase the risk that mesothelioma will develop.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1996

The effect of TNP-470 on cell proliferation and urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor in human lung cancer cell lines.

The plasminogen activator system has been found to modulate neoplastic spread and angiogenesis in tumors. An angiogenesis inhibitor, TNP-470, has been shown to possess potent antitumor activities in various types of cancer cells. We therefore investigated the inhibitory effect of TNP-470 on cancer cell proliferation, and the suppressive effect of TNP-470 on urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1), in human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. TNP-470 inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. u-PA and PAI-1 in culture supernatants were suppressed with the concentrations of TNP-470, in association with a decrease in viable cancer cells. Unchanged serum levels of u-PA and PAI-1 would be of great advantage to the diseased patients, since the plasminogen activator system has a crucial function in the process of distant metastasis.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1995

Follow-up study in a patient with Setleis syndrome.

We report on an 8-year-old Japanese boy with Setleis syndrome. The patient had a very characteristic "coarse" facial appearance, bitemporal "forceps marks," skin aplasia, sparse hair, and skin hypo- and hyperpigmentation. He also had previously undescribed manifestations, including an aberrant hair pattern of the forehead, linear skin lesions on the forehead, short palpebral fissures, a small skin tag on the right cheek, cone-shaped teeth, and pectus carinatum. Dermatoglyphic studies documented aberrant distal palmar creases (simian crease variant), 8 arches, and reduced total finger ridge count. When serial photographs were reviewed, his facial characteristics became more obvious with increasing age.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Chronic cholecystitis following hemobilia due to traumatic intrahepatic injury.

We report a patient who presented with colicky abdominal pain, hematemesis, and melena following a blunt abdominal injury sustained in an automobile accident. Serologic tests suggested liver dysfunction and computed tomography (CT) revealed dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct. Duodenoscopy demonstrated hemobilia originating from the duodenal papilla of Vater. Angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery and angiographic embolization sucessfully stopped the hemorrhaging. However, even following the angiographic embolization, the patient remained symptomatic and repeat CT demonstrated thickening of the gallbladder wall and a lesion resembling a blood clot. We strongly suspected cholecystitis and performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Grossly, the resected specimen revealed wall thickening with a congested mucosa and three blood clots; histologically, these changes were consistent with a diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis. The clinical message of this paper is that patients should be observed for this usual complication of hemobilia after liver injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Ontogeny of circadian dentinogenesis in the rat incisor.

Periodic growth increments are found universally in the dentine of animals. The goal here was to determine when and how circadian dentine growth increments develop ontogenetically. A total of 97 rat pups, obtained from 13 mothers of the Wistar strain, were injected with nitrilotriacetato lead at appropriate intervals to chronologically label the dentine. Labelled rat pups were killed 5-50 days after birth. Histological transverse sections of the demineralized dentine were obtained from the maxillary incisors of the pups and stained with haematoxylin. Two types of increments were observed in the circumpulpal dentine. The first type was a deeply stained circadian band which appeared at intervals of about 16-24 microns. The other was a faintly stained, narrow, ultradian increment, at intervals of approx. 6-8 microns. The circadian increments were first detected during the second to third week after birth and were observed consistently afterwards. Before the circadian increments developed, the ultradian increments were predominant. These two rhythms seemed to be independent of each other and sometimes coexisted in one section. Thus, the two types of dentine increments may be due to two independent mechanisms.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1995

Acquired von Willebrand disease associated with multiple myeloma; characterization of an inhibitor to von Willebrand factor.

Acquired von Willebrand disease (vWD) has been described in a few patients with multiple myeloma. The present study characterizes an inhibitor of von Willebrand factor (vWF) isolated from a patient with multiple myeloma (IgG-kappa). Multimeric analysis of vWF from this patient's plasma showed a reduction in multimers of all sizes. The inhibitor (IgG) detected only the vWF subunit from plasma of normal individuals. It reacted with intact vWF subunit and a 39/34kDa dispase-digested fragment of vWF (residues; Leu480/Val481-Gly718), but did not react with platelet membrane glycoproteins (GPs) or adhesive proteins. The binding of vWF to GPIb mediated by ristocetin and by botrocetin was inhibited by the patient's IgG with an IC50s of 0.3 mg/ml and 0.48 mg/ml, respectively. The platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin or botrocetin was also inhibited by the IgG. These results indicate that this inhibitor may recognize the binding region of vWF to GPIb. Therefore, the antibody to vWF appears to represent the likely pathophysiological mechanism responsible for the acquired vWD in this patient.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1995

Effects of nine active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine sho-saiko-to on 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide mutagenicity.

The antimutagenic effects of nine active compounds in the Chinese herbal medicine "sho-saiko-to" on mutagenesis induced by a direct-acting mutagen, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) were investigated in Salmonella typhimurium, strain TA100. The active compounds examined were classified into two major groups, saponins and flavonoids, the former comprising glycyrrhizin, saikosaponins a, c, and d, and ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1, and the latter, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin. Saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rb1 were found to reduce the mutagenicity of AF-2 significantly when applied post-AF-2-treatment in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Ginsenoside Rb1 also decreased the mutagenic activity of AF-2 in a simultaneous treatment protocol. The results indicate that saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rb1 may enhance DNA repair, and ginsenoside Rb1 may also have the ability to inactivate the mutagenic activity of AF-2 directly. On the other hand, saikosaponin d and baicalin showed a slight enhancing effect. None of the compounds, except baicalein, showed any toxic effect on the test strain. These findings may be useful for the development of chemopreventive agents.

Animals↗