Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ohto

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohto.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Estimation of the reticuloendothelial function by positron emission computed tomography (PET) study in chronic liver disease].

We have developed a new liver scanning agent (Ga-68 human serum albumin microspheres) in a convenient kit for use in positron emission computed tomography (PET). In this study, this scanning agent was evaluated for clinical usefulness as a function test for the reticuloendothelial system. A dose of 5 micrograms/kg (1-2 mCi) of Ga-68 microspheres was injected intravenously to 25 patients, 11 with chronic hepatitis and 14 with liver cirrhosis, and 5 normal volunteers for PET imaging of the liver and spleen using HEADTONE-III (SET 120W). The volumes of the liver and the spleen and the uptakes of Ga-68 microspheres were calculated as an index of the reticuloendothelial system function. In liver cirrhosis the liver volume estimated by PET was decreased and the spleen volume was increased. Both the liver uptake rate and differential absorption ratio (DAR) of the radioactivity were decreased corresponding with the degree of chronic liver disease. The spleen uptake rate was increased with progression of chronic liver diseases, but there was no difference in DAR between normal volunteers and patients with chronic liver disease. it was concluded that PET using Ga-68 microspheres is useful in the evaluation of the function of the reticuloendothelial system.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of FUT-175 on mouse model of acute hepatic necrosis induced by endotoxin following immunological procedure].

Acute hepatic necrosis was induced by a single i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into C57BL/6 mice following immunization with syngeneic liver protein and adjuvant. Sixty percent of the mice died of massive hepatocyte necrosis within 48 hours of LPS injection. The serum lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly elevated. The fatal and hepatotoxic action of LPS was prevented by pretreatment with FUT-175 (1.6 mg/kg), a synthetic protease-inhibitor. The inhibitory effects of FUT-175 was not demonstrated when the agent was given to the mice 2 h after the administration of LPS. These results seem to indicate that the hepatotoxic effects of LPS are mediated by endogenous host mechanisms in which proteases play an important role.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Biopsy diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma based on new morphologic criteria.

Nodular hepatic lesions detected in 123 patients with chronic liver diseases were subjected to ultrasonically guided needle biopsy. Of these, 94 cases were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma of a moderately or poorly differentiated type with classical histologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma. In 14 cases in whom hepatocytes had minimal atypical changes and were mostly of normotrabecular arrangement (one to two cells thick), a diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was made on the basis of the following three histologic criteria: nuclear crowding, increased cytoplasmic basophilia and microacinar formation. The nodules which showed two or more of these findings were diagnosed as well-differentiated HCC. The diagnoses of these 14 cases were subsequently confirmed by clinical course, histology in the resected specimen and/or autopsy findings. The nodules that presented similar but equivocal changes were arbitrarily categorized as borderline lesions (five cases). The nodules showing the findings almost identical with those of pseudolobules were regarded as benign, large regenerative nodules (nine cases). The remaining one case had a hemangioma. Thus, these three histologic criteria proved to be useful in the biopsy diagnosis of nodular hepatic lesions, with certain limitations. Additionally, the majority of large regenerative nodules, borderline lesions and well-differentiated HCCs were found to be smaller than 2 cm.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

Sono-enterocolonography by oral water administration.

A new ultrasound technique for intestinal examination, named "sono-enterocolonography by oral water administration," was devised. The diagnostic usefulness and limitations of this procedure were studied in 56 subjects including 42 normal patients, 10 patients with 13 colonic polyps and 4 patients with colon carcinomas. Except for the rectum, almost all the intestines were clearly visualized by ultra-sonography as tubular structures filled with water. In every case, ileocecal valve movement was clearly observed dynamically. Eight of the 9 elevated polypoid lesions of the bowel, ranging in size from 10 mm to 20 mm, were detected by this method without any special pretreatment. Although this method may not be indicated for the screening of minute lesions, it may possibly be useful as a supportive diagnostic modality for intestinal disorders, especially in the ileocecal region.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Histological changes of the liver by treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with recombinant leukocyte interferon alpha. Comparison with histological changes in chronic hepatitis B.

We have treated 17 patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis by recombinant interferon alpha (0.3-9 megaunits for 4-28 weeks). In six patients, serum aminotransferase levels fell to normal or near-normal range during treatment. The mean levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 17 patients fell from 156 +/- 80 (mean +/- SD) and 213 +/- 135 at the beginning of treatment to 94 +/- 49 and 112 +/- 71, respectively, at the end of treatment. In 12 patients, liver biopsies were performed before and after (or during) the treatment, and histological activity indices (HAI) were blindly examined by two independent observers. For comparison, we examined histological changes of pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies of 19 patients who were treated by recombinant interferon for chronic hepatitis B. Mean HAI scores improved from 10.0 to 5.4 after treatment in non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. The most marked reduction was noted in scores of portal inflammation and hepatocellular degeneration and/or necrosis. No such reduction was observed in B-viral chronic hepatitis. These data indicated that rapid biochemical resolution by the treatment was related to histological improvement of the liver in our patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cobalamin-dependent replication of L1210 leukemia cells and effects of cobalamin analogues.

L1210 cell line cells were made deficient in Cbl by propagation in a medium devoid of CNCbl in which fetal calf serum had been replaced by bovine serum albumin. These Cbl-deficient cells gradually ceased to multiply when the medium contained 5-CH3THF, although cell growth was resumed following the addition of CNCbl, OHCbl or folic acid. The results of this study provide experimental proof for the 'methyl trap' hypothesis. In contrast to the above effect of CNCbl, cobinamide and Cbl analogues which were produced by a reaction of OHCbl with ascorbic acid did not have any growth-inducing effect on the cells which had been cultured in a 5-CH3THF-supplemented medium and had ceased to multiply. Nor did these analogues have an inhibitory effect on CNCbl-dependent growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Strategy for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Two hundred and eighty-two patients with HCC including 89 with tumors 2 cm or smaller in size and 193 of 2-5 cm were studied on clinical and pathological findings and correlated with the value of various diagnostic imaging modalities. There were apparent differences in histological findings of HCC between 2 cm or smaller in size and larger ones; the former had much less invasion of malignant cells to the extracapsule and portal vein neighbouring the HCC than the latter. In 83 patients with HCCs 2 cm or less in diameter AFP level was normal (less than 20 ng/ml) in 39.8%, 20-200 ng/ml in 44.6% and more than 200 ng/ml in only 15.6%. Detectability of HCC measuring 2 cm or less by various imaging modalities was as follows: 97.8% by US, 54% by X-ray computed tomography (CT), 61.6% by magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and 75.4% by angiography. There was considerable limitation of imaging modalities in making a definitive diagnosis of the smaller HCCs, particularly in the differentiation from regenerative nodules of liver cirrhosis. Tissue biopsy under ultrasound control provided a correct diagnosis in 36 out of 41 patients (87.8%) with HCCs 2 cm or less in size, a better ratio than for aspiration biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Non-vascular interventional radiology--percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 3 cm in diameter].

Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) was carried out for 109 lesions in 85 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) smaller than 3 cm in diameter during the period from Dec. 1982 to Mar. 1989. Therapeutic effect of PEI on HCC was evaluated by ultrasound showing that 15 of 68 HCCs disappeared and the remaining 53 HCCs decreased in size with regression rates ranging from 8% to 88% at 6 months after PEI. Survival rates from PEI calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method showed a 1-yr survival of 92%, a 2-yr survival of 81%, a 3-yr survival of 61%, a 4-yr survival of 55%, and a 5-yr survival of 41%. These survival rates were better than those of patients with HCCs smaller than 3 cm in size who had not received anti-cancer treatment (p less than 0.05).

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of dose of transfusion and component of blood on the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis].

Two thousand five hundred ninety-six consecutive patients who received blood transfusion for the first time within one week and had no liver dysfunction before transfusion had been selected from 8637 patients who received blood transfusion at the hospital between 1982 and 1987. The influence of dose, components of transfused blood and sex, age of recipients on the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis was investigated. The rate of development of hepatitis depended on the dose of transfusion, not on sex and age of recipients. The rate of development of hepatitis raised as number of transfused blood increased without limiting point to 100%. The carrier rate of healthy population of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus was estimated 1.39%. Stored blood, concentrated red blood cell and fresh blood are high risk components and fresh frozen plasma was low risk component.

Hepatitis↗
PubMed1989

[Assessment of laboratory findings in megaloblastic anemia--measurement of serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid].

The laboratory findings of 20 patients with untreated megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency were analysed. The material consists of 13 patients with pernicious anemia, 6 with postgastrectomy B12 deficiency and one with malabsorption syndrome. Hematological data (RBC, Hgb, Ht, WBC, Plt) were correlated with each other and serum LDH levels. Megaloblastic changes of bone marrow were apparent in cases of which Hgb values were below 9 g/dl, although its change were not clear in cases with mild anemia (above 9 g/dl). However, giant metamyelocytic changes of bone marrow were seen even in cases with mild anemia. Serum B12 levels in 6 out of 19 cases (31.6%) measured by clinical laboratory center were within normal range. In contrast, its level in all cases measured by radiodilution assay using R-protein or intrinsic factor were lower than normal values. Serum B12 levels measured by the latter method were correlated with various hematological data and also related with hematological severity, although its level measured by clinical laboratory did not have any correlation with hematological data. Schilling test seemed to be unreliable, because sample volume which was suggested by kit manual was too small (2 ml) to catch enough radioactivity for accurate measurement. Serum methylmalonic acid levels measured by gas capillary mass spectrophotometry were higher than normal values in all cases and were well correlated with hematological data.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Classification of liver cirrhosis based on parenchymal echo patterns and its clinical usefulness for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis].

Owing to the recent advancement of ultrasonographic instruments, we can now easily detect variously sized hypoechoic nodules as well as coarse echo pattern in cirrhotic liver. Based on the size and distribution of such hypoechoic nodules, we classified echo patterns of liver parenchyma into four types as follows. Type 0: Homogeneous echo pattern. Type I: Coarse echo pattern with no distinct hypoechoic nodules. Type II: Echo pattern showing scattered hypoechoic nodules sized 3 approximately 5 mm. Type III: Echo pattern showing scattered hypoechoic nodules sized more than 5 mm. In the present study, all the 25 patients of normal liver showed type 0, 29 of 42 patients with chronic hepatitis showed type 0 and the remained 13 type I. In 65 patients with liver cirrhosis, 54 (83.1%) were classified as type I, II, or III. The grade of parenchymal echo pattern was significantly correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis. In addition, the parenchymal patterns proved to be very useful in diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, presenting overall accuracy value of 81.8%. The value was the highest compared with those of other diagnostic factors on ultrasonograms. Immersion experiment with autopsied liver specimens evidenced that hypoechoic nodules on ultrasonogram represent regenerative nodules of cirrhotic liver. It was also revealed that the parenchymal echo patterns closely corresponded to gross or histologic findings of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A clinical evaluation of the indications and utility of percutaneous gallbladder drainage].

Percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGD) was performed in 78 patients with diseases of the bile duct system and pancreas, including 48 patients with acute cholecystitis. The procedure was utilized for the treatment of acute inflammation and obstructive jaundice, and this study was initiated to evaluate its utility and the potential indications. Following PGD, the inflammatory changes improved, and the clinical symptoms subsided, especially in cases of acute cholecystitis, in which it appears to have an excellent therapeutic value. Compared to cases of acute cholecystitis treated without PGD and used as controls, the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated. Ultrasonographic findings, including signs of gallbladder swelling, thickening of the gallbladder wall, and as sonolucent layer in the wall were shown to be useful as positive indicators for the use of PGD. PGD also effective in cases of acute cholangitis, and cases of obstructive jaundice in which therapy was difficult using other bile drainage methods. PGD was also useful in establishing a visualization of the gallbladder and for cytological sampling of the bile in cases with negative cholecystography.

Acute Disease↗