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Biomedical subjects

M Ohtani

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohtani.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Studies on the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy with irradiation and chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer].

The effectiveness of a preoperative combination of chemotherapy and irradiation on advanced bladder cancer was evaluated. The combination therapy group (Arm I) included 21 patients, the preoperative chemotherapy group (Arm II) 14 patients, and a group without preoperative treatment, 35 patients. There were no distinguishing background factors among the three groups. Chemotherapy included vincristine, adriamycin, mitomycin, bleomycin/and 5-FU. A total of 3000 rads was irradiated locally, and the results were promising. The Arm I group was superior to the other two groups in terms of response rate, histological effectiveness and downstaging effects. Also, the 5-year-survival rate for Arm I was much better than in the other groups. There were no great differences in adverse effects between Arm I and II.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for bladder cancer.

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with adriamycin (ADM) was carried out in 32 patients with bladder cancer prior to total cystectomy. An oblique incision approximately 12 cm long was made in the gluteal region to expose either the superior or inferior gluteal artery, into which a Teflon catheter was inserted and fixed. The distal end of the catheter was taken out from under the skin in the precordial region. Via this catheter, a single dose of 10 mg ADM was injected twice a week. Superior-gluteal-artery infusion chemotherapy was performed in 7 patients; the 5-year survival rate was 14.3%, which was not as high as expected. Inferior-gluteal-artery infusion chemotherapy was performed in 25 patients. Cisplatin (CDDP) was used with ADM in 8 patients. Radiation and/or hyperthermia were used in 11 patients. The 5-year survival rate in these 25 patients was 58.4%, which was considered to be satisfactory. Of these 25 patients, 5 were stage-T4 cases; for these, the treatment was ineffective, and all 5 died within 2 years. Of the 6 patients at stage T2, 1 died, as did 1 patient with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Of the 13 patients with bladder cancer at stage T3, 3 died; lymph-node metastases were found in all 3 of these cases. Of the 25 patients who received inferior-gluteal-artery infusion chemotherapy, 9 died of cancer; all 9 died within 2 years due to distant metastases. There was no evidence of recurrence in any patient who survived for 2 years or more after total cystectomy. Therefore, inferior-gluteal-artery infusion chemotherapy may be effective as a preoperative adjuvant therapy with no serious side effects.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Effects of intravesical instillation of antitumor chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents on bladder lesion development in rats pretreated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

The effects of 12 weeks of intravesical instillation of bleomycin, cisplatinum and picibanyl on development of urinary bladder tumors and preneoplastic lesions were examined in rats pretreated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) for four weeks. Upon sacrifice at week 36, histopathological examination revealed a significantly reduced incidence of PN hyperplasia and a tendency for decreased papilloma generation in rats given cisplatinum. However, the other treatments were not associated with any effect on carcinogen-induced lesion development. The results demonstrate that cisplatinum has a potential for postinitiation inhibition of rat bladder carcinogenesis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1987

Urophonographic studies of the lower urinary tract: a new approach to urodynamics.

The detection and recording systems for urethral sounds during micturition were developed. This procedure was termed as "urophonography" and its recording as "urophonogram". Classification of urophonograms was undertaken on the basis of analyzing normal healthy male volunteers, and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Four types of urophonogram were demonstrated. Urophonography was useful for investigation of dysfunctional voiding, and lower urinary tract obstruction. Urophonography will be a new approach to urodynamic investigations.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Smoking, alcohol drinking and serum carotenoids levels.

Serum carotenoids concentrations in healthy inhabitants, aged 40-79 years, of a community were measured. The results are as follows. 1. The alpha- and beta-carotene and lycopene levels in serum were significantly higher in females than males. The alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations tended to increase with advancing age, this being especially marked for serum beta-carotene levels in males. However, beta-carotene levels were high in females throughout the age range of 50-69 years. There was no significant change in serum level of lycopene with age. 2. There was no significant difference in intake frequency of foods containing large amounts of carotenoids among the groups with or without smoking and drinking, as serum alpha- and beta-carotene levels were closely associated with intake frequency of green-yellow vegetables. 3. Regular alcohol drinkers or current smokers showed lower serum beta-carotene concentrations, and the effect of alcohol drinking on serum carotene level seemed to be larger than that of smoking. A synergistic lowering action of smoking and drinking on serum beta-carotene level was suggested. Among the alcohol drinkers, the more cigarettes consumed per day, the lower the serum beta-carotene level was, but this was not the case among the non-drinkers. Ex-smokers showed intermediate values between current smokers and non-smokers. The results suggest that alcohol drinking and smoking habit might be associated with lower serum beta-carotene level, which in turn may be related to excess incidence of cancer among smokers or drinkers.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Basal skull metastasis of stomach cancer presenting with Garcin's syndrome--a case report].

A case of 57-year-old man with Garcin's syndrome is reported. By means of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, this patient proved to have a stomach cancer. He noticed left trigeminal neuralgia for the first time in early Jan. 1986, and when he was referred to our department, his symptoms and signs of left cranial nerve palsy (from 5th to 12th, totally 8 nerves) were complete, although other neurological findings such as long tract signs, cerebellar signs, or papilledema were all negative. Although skull X-ray and basal skull tomography revealed neither bony deformity nor destruction, CT scan and angiography showed suspicious appearance of basal skull invasion of a certain mass. CSF examination revealed no malignant cells or abnormal protein, and sugar content. Exploratory craniotomy for tumor biopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor had characteristics of anaplastic carcinoma. General survey revealed that he had a stomach cancer which was histologically the same as the basal skull tumor. His general condition became so serious that irradiation to the lesion was not indicated Among many papers reported about Garcin's syndrome, those of basal skull metastasis of stomach cancer are extremely rare. The authors discussed the lesion in comparison with meningeal carcinomatosis involving cranial nerves.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

L-isoleucine and L-leucine: tumor promoters of bladder cancer in rats.

A 4-week assay for screening tumor promoters of bladder cancer has been developed in which increased agglutinability of isolated rat bladder cells with concanavalin A is used as an indicator. On the basis of this assay system, L-isoleucine and L-leucine were suspected of being possible tumor promoters. Results of 40- to 60-week carcinogenesis experiments in which N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was used as an initiator demonstrate that L-isoleucine and L-leucine promote bladder cancer in rats. This finding may be relevant to the high incidence of human bladder cancer in Western countries, where the diet is rich in protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Strain differences in mice with invasive bladder carcinomas induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

Papillary superficial and nonpapillary invasive bladder carcinomas of humans are two disease entities exhibiting completely different biological behavior. Studies were performed on the susceptibilities of various strains of mice to induction of bladder carcinomas by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHBN), and the type of carcinomas that developed. BHBN at concentrations of 0.05% and 0.01% in drinking water was given to female mice of strains A/Jax, AKR/Jax, C3H/He, DBA/2, and C57BL/6 for 22 weeks. The incidence of nonpapillary invasive bladder carcinomas in these strains was 40%, 100%, 100%, 89%, and 89%, respectively, in groups treated with 0.05% BHBN and 30%, 60%, 60%, 90%, and 40%, respectively, in groups treated with 0.01% BHBN. At both levels BHBN and in all strains the bladder carcinomas induced were of the nonpapillary invasive type.

Animals↗